1. A process for the preparation and isolation of pure crystalline imipenem monohydrate of Formula I, having a purity of 98% or more by HPLC, the process comprising:
(a) treating an aqueous solution containing imipenem with an organic solvent to get a mixture, wherein the imipenem is not lyophilized;
(b) stirring the mixture; and
(c) isolating the pure crystalline imipenem monohydrate from the mixture.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the organic solvent comprises a water-miscible organic solvent.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the water-miscible organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, acetone, monoethylene glycol, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and mixture(s) thereof.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the stirring is carried out at a temperature from about 0\xb0 C. to about 15\xb0 C.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the solution containing imipenem is obtained directly from a reaction mixture.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the solution containing imipenem is washed with a solvent comprising one or more of a carboxylic acid ester an alkyl ketone having six or more carbons, chlorinated hydrocarbon, ether, aromatic hydrocarbon, or a mixture thereof prior to treating with an organic solvent.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, methylisobutyl ketone, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, toluene and in mixture(s) thereof.
8. The process of claim 6 wherein the pH of the solution is adjusted to about 7 to 8 before carrying out the washing.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A vehicle comprising:
a transmission having a plurality of clutches including an oncoming binary clutch and an off-going clutch, the oncoming binary clutch being a binary device and the off-going clutch being a non-binary device;
wherein the oncoming binary clutch is engaged when a pressure at or above a threshold pressure is applied;
an internal combustion engine operatively connected to the transmission and configured to generate an engine torque based on an input torque request (TR);
a torque converter operatively connected to the transmission and including a turbine defining a turbine speed; and
a controller operatively connected to the transmission and having a processor and tangible, non-transitory memory on which is recorded instructions for executing a method for controlling a power-on downshift with the off-going clutch and the oncoming binary clutch;
wherein execution of the instructions by the processor causes the controller to:
generate a first pressure command at a level below the threshold pressure to at least partially pressurize the oncoming binary clutch;
initiate a clutch slip for the off-going clutch; and
determine if synchronization is met, wherein synchronization is met when a slip speed across the oncoming binary clutch is zero.
2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the oncoming binary clutch is a dog clutch or a selectable one-way clutch (SOWC).
3. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the input torque request is regulated by the controller during an inertia phase of the downshift.
4. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising:
an accelerator pedal operatively connected to the controller and defining a pedal position; and
wherein the input torque request is regulated by the pedal position of the accelerator pedal during an inertia phase of the downshift.
5. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising:
a speed sensor operatively connected to the turbine and configured to measure the turbine speed;
wherein the controller is configured to store data for an estimated turbine speed at a commanded gear ratio; and
wherein said determining if synchronization is met includes comparing the turbine speed measured by the speed sensor to the estimated turbine speed at the commanded gear ratio.
6. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to vary an off-going pressure command to the off-going clutch in order to at least partially control the turbine speed during an inertia phase of the downshift.
7. The vehicle of claim 1, further comprising:
a fluid pump operatively connected to and configured to provide transmission fluid to the transmission, the fluid pump defining a line pressure based on a pressure of the transmission fluid;
wherein the controller is further configured to:
when synchronization is met, generate a second pressure command for the oncoming binary clutch at the threshold pressure;
determine if the oncoming binary clutch is physically engaged; and
when the oncoming binary clutch is physically engaged, generate a third pressure command for the oncoming binary clutch at the line pressure and reduce the off-going pressure to the off-going clutch to zero.
8. The vehicle of claim 7, further comprising:
a position sensor operatively connected to the oncoming binary clutch and configured to determine if the oncoming binary clutch is physically engaged.
9. A transmission assembly for use in a vehicle having a turbine defining a turbine speed, the assembly comprising:
a plurality of clutches including an oncoming binary clutch and an off-going clutch, the oncoming binary clutch being a binary device and the off-going clutch being a non-binary device;
wherein the oncoming binary clutch is engaged when a pressure at or above a threshold pressure is applied;
a controller operatively connected to the plurality of clutches and having a processor and tangible, non-transitory memory on which is recorded instructions for executing a method for controlling a power-on downshift with the off-going clutch and the oncoming binary clutch;
wherein execution of the instructions by the processor causes the controller to:
generate a first pressure command at a level below the threshold pressure to at least partially pressurize the oncoming binary clutch;
initiate a clutch slip for the off-going clutch; and
determine if synchronization is met, wherein synchronization is met when a slip speed across the oncoming binary clutch is zero.
10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the oncoming binary clutch is a dog clutch.
11. The assembly of claim 9, wherein an input torque request (TR) is regulated by the controller during an inertia phase of the downshift.
12. The assembly of claim 9:
wherein the controller is connectable to an accelerator pedal defining a pedal position; and
wherein an input torque request (TR) is regulated by the pedal position of the accelerator pedal during an inertia phase of the downshift.
13. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to vary an off-going pressure command to the off-going clutch in order to at least partially control the turbine speed during an inertia phase of the downshift.
14. The assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
a fluid pump operatively connected to and configured to provide transmission fluid to the plurality of clutches, the fluid pump defining a line pressure based on a pressure of the transmission fluid;
wherein the controller is further configured to:
when synchronization is met, generate a second pressure command for the oncoming binary clutch at the threshold pressure;
determine if the oncoming binary clutch is physically engaged; and
when the oncoming binary clutch is physically engaged, generate a third pressure command for the oncoming binary clutch at the line pressure and reduce the off-going pressure to the off-going clutch to zero.
15. The assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
a position sensor operatively connected to the oncoming binary clutch and configured to determine if the oncoming binary clutch is physically engaged.
16. A method of controlling a power-on downshift with an off-going clutch and an oncoming binary clutch in a vehicle having a turbine defining a turbine speed and a transmission, the method comprising:
generating a first pressure command at a level below a threshold pressure to at least partially pressurize the oncoming binary clutch;
wherein the oncoming binary clutch is a binary device and the off-going clutch is a non-binary device;
initiating a clutch slip for the off-going clutch; and
determining if synchronization is met, wherein synchronization is met when a slip speed across the oncoming binary clutch is zero.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
varying an off-going pressure command to the off-going clutch in order to at least partially control the turbine speed during an inertia phase of the downshift.
18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
when synchronization is met, generating a second pressure command for the oncoming binary clutch at the threshold pressure, thereby applying an engage pressure to the oncoming binary clutch;
determining if the oncoming binary clutch is physically engaged;
if the oncoming binary clutch is physically engaged, applying a line pressure to the oncoming binary clutch and reducing the off-going pressure to the off-going clutch to zero.