1. A bicycle hub comprising:
a hub axle having a pair of frame attachment ends;
a motor case mounted on the hub axle such that the frame attachment ends protrude out of opposite axial ends of the motor case, the motor case including a recessed portion that is configured to receive a bicycle frame that is mounted to the frame attachment ends of the hub axle,
the motor case including a first case member non-rotatably coupled to the hub axle and a second case member rotatably supported by the hub axle, the first case member defining a second space within the first case member, and the first case member including the recessed portion; and
an integrated motor operatively mounted between the hub axle and the motor case.
2. The bicycle hub according to claim 1, wherein
the recessed portion is configured to receive a distal end portion of a front fork that is a part of a front frame of the bicycle.
3. The bicycle hub according to claim 1, further comprising
a motor control circuit disposed inside a first space that is defined by a bulging portion of the motor case which bulges outward in a hub axle direction.
4. The bicycle hub according to claim 1, wherein
the first case member includes a case main body and a cover that define the first space therebetween, the case main body being non-rotatably coupled to the hub axle and supporting the second case member, and the cover member including the recessed portion.
5. The bicycle hub according to claim 4, further including
a tube member having a first end arranged at a part of the second space and a second end arranged at a wiring connecting portion of the cover member, the wiring connecting portion protruding outward from the case main body such that the wiring connecting portion is arranged along a front fork while the bicycle hub is in an installed position on the bicycle frame.
6. The bicycle hub according to claim 3, wherein
the motor control circuit has an inverter circuit for driving the integrated motor.
7. The bicycle hub according to claim 6, wherein
the inverter circuit has a semiconductor drive element.
8. The bicycle hub according to claim 3, wherein
the motor control circuit includes an electric power line communication circuit, and
the motor case includes a duplex connecter that is electrically connected to the electric power line communication circuit.
9. The bicycle hub according to claim 2, further comprising
a motor control circuit disposed inside a first space that is defined by a bulging portion of the motor case which bulges outward in a hub axle direction.
10. The bicycle hub according to claim 1, wherein
the motor control circuit has an inverter circuit for driving the integrated motor.
11. The bicycle hub according to claim 10, wherein
the inverter circuit has a semiconductor drive element.
12. The bicycle hub according to claim 11, further comprising
a radiating member arranged between an inside surface of the bulging portion and the semiconductor drive element, and the radiating member being in contact with the bulging portion and the semiconductor drive element.
13. The bicycle hub according to claim 1, wherein
the motor control circuit includes an electric power line communication circuit, and
the motor case includes a duplex connecter that is electrically connected to the electric power line communication circuit.
14. A bicycle hub, comprising:
a hub axle having a pair of frame attachment ends;
a motor case mounted on the hub axle such that the frame attachment ends protrude out of opposite axial ends of the motor case, the motor case including a recessed portion that is configured to receive a bicycle frame that is mounted to the frame attachment ends of the hub axle;
an integrated motor operatively mounted between the hub axle and the motor case;
a motor control circuit disposed inside a first space that is defined by a bulging portion of the motor case which bulges outward in a hub axle direction, the motor control circuit having an inverter circuit for driving the integrated motor, the inverter circuit having a semiconductor drive element; and
a radiating member arranged between an inside surface of the bulging portion and the semiconductor drive element, and the radiating member being in contact with the bulging portion and the semiconductor drive element.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method comprising:
coupling a mobile terminal having a smart card to another device via a contactless connection using the smart card; and
providing an interaction command signal from the smart card to the mobile terminal to initiate interaction and require a service from the mobile terminal related to the contactless connection with the other device, the interaction command signal including a change in the state of one or more contacts between the mobile terminal and the smart card.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the smart card provides the interaction command signal during the contactless connection with the other device.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mobile terminal responds to the interaction command signal and generates an interrupt signal to establish the interaction.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mobile terminal activates an interface with the smart card and runs a query to find out what services or information the smart card requires.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mobile terminal monitors the state of the one or more contacts and filters out state changes that happen when the interface between the mobile terminal and the smart card is active.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more contacts are a part of a galvanic connection.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of:
responding to the interaction command signal, for providing an interaction reply signal from the mobile terminal to the smart card with information related to the service.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the smart card has an antenna formed as a part thereof, or the smart card is connected to an antenna that forms part of the mobile terminal.
9. A smart card comprising:
one or more modules configured for coupling a mobile terminal to another device via a contactless connection; and
one or more modules configured for providing an interaction command signal to the mobile terminal to initiate interaction and require a service from the mobile terminal related to the contactless connection with the other device, the interaction command signal including a change in the state of one or more contacts between the mobile terminal and the smart card.
10. A smart card according to claim 9, wherein the one or more contacts are a part of a galvanic connection.
11. A smart card according to claim 9, wherein the smart card provides the interaction command signal during the contactless connection with the other device.
12. A smart card according to claim 9, wherein the smart card has an antenna formed as a part thereof, or the smart card is connected to an antenna that forms part of the mobile terminal.
13. A mobile terminal comprising:
one or more modules configured for coupling to another device via a contactless connection using a smart card; and
a media control unit module configured for responding to an interaction command signal from the smart card to initiate interaction and require a service from the mobile terminal related to the contactless connection with the other device, the interaction command signal includes a change in the state of one or more contacts between the mobile terminal and the smart card.
14. A mobile terminal according to claim 13, wherein the one or more contacts are a part of a galvanic connection.
15. A mobile terminal according to claim 13, wherein the smart card provides the interaction command signal during the contactless connection with the other device.
16. A mobile terminal according to claim 13, wherein the media control unit module is configured to respond to the interaction command signal and generates an interrupt signal to establish the interaction.
17. A mobile terminal according to claim 13, wherein the media control unit module is configured to activate an interface with the smart card and runs a query to find out what services or information the smart card requires.
18. A mobile terminal according to claim 13, wherein the media control unit module is configured to monitor the state of the one or more contacts and filters out state changes that happen when the interface between the mobile terminal and the smart card is active.
19. A mobile terminal according to claim 13, wherein either the mobile terminal, the smart card, or both is in an inactive mode.
20. A mobile terminal according to claim 13, wherein either the smart card has an antenna formed as a part thereof, or the smart card is connected to an antenna that forms part of the mobile terminal.
21. A mobile terminal according to claim 13, wherein the media control unit module responds to the interaction command signal, for providing an interaction reply signal from the mobile terminal to the smart card with information related to the service.
22. A method comprising:
coupling a mobile terminal having a smart card to another device via a contactless connection using the smart card, the mobile terminal monitoring the state of one or more contacts and filtering out state changes that happen when an interface between the mobile terminal and the smart card is active; and
providing an interaction command signal from the smart card to the mobile terminal to initiate interaction and require a service from the mobile terminal related to the contactless connection with the other device.
23. A mobile terminal comprising:
one or more modules configured for coupling to another device via a contactless connection using a smart card; and
a media control unit module configured for responding to an interaction command signal from the smart card to initiate interaction and require a service from the mobile terminal related to the contactless connection with the other device, and also configured for monitoring the state of one or more contacts and filtering out state changes that happen when the interface between the mobile terminal and the smart card is active.