1. An oscillating device, comprising:
an oscillating system having a plurality of oscillation movable elements, a plurality of elastically supporting portions connected to said plurality of oscillation movable elements, and a supporting member for supporting a portion of said plurality of resiliently supporting portions;
a coil for applying a torque to at least one of said plurality of oscillation movable elements;
a driving circuit for supplying a driving signal to said coil; and
a temperature adjusting element for adjusting temperature of at least one of said resiliently supporting portions;
wherein said oscillating system has a reference oscillation mode corresponding to a natural oscillation mode at a reference frequency, and a second natural oscillation mode of a frequency n-fold of the reference frequency, where n is an integer; and
wherein said driving circuit applies, to said coil, a driving signal of the reference oscillation mode and a driving signal of the second natural oscillation mode so as to excite the reference oscillation mode and the second natural oscillation mode simultaneously.
2. An oscillating device according to claim 1, further comprising control means for controlling said temperature adjusting element to adjust the frequency of the natural oscillation mode.
3. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said temperature adjusting element is provided in a portion of said supporting member or of a stationary member to which said supporting member is fixed.
4. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said temperature adjusting element is provided in a portion of said resiliently supporting portions.
5. An oscillating device according to claim 4, wherein said temperature adjusting element is disposed with a meander.
6. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said temperature adjusting element is configured to adjust temperatures of said resiliently supporting portions, independently of each other.
7. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said supporting member has a cantilever structure and is provided on said stationary member.
8. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said supporting member has a cantilever structure and is provided on said stationary member, wherein said temperature adjusting element is provided on one of said supporting member and said resiliently supporting portions, and wherein said stationary member is provided with a second temperature adjusting element, separate from the first-mentioned temperature adjusting element, for adjusting a length of said stationary member in a direction parallel to a torsional axis.
9. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said oscillating system includes a first oscillation movable element, a second oscillation movable element, a first resiliently supporting portions, a second resiliently supporting portions, and a supporting member, wherein said first oscillation movable element is resiliently supported relative to said second oscillation movable element by said first resiliently supporting portion, for oscillation about the predetermined oscillation axis, and wherein said second oscillation movable element is resiliently supported relative to said supporting member by said second resiliently supporting portion, for oscillation about the predetermined oscillation axis.
10. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said temperature adjusting element comprises a heating element provided by a resistance heat generating member configured to generate heat in response to energization.
11. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said oscillating system has natural oscillation modes of two different frequencies, and wherein one of the two frequencies is approximately twofold or threefold of the other frequency.
12. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said oscillation movable element, said elastically supporting portions and said supporting member are made integrally from monocrystal silicon.
13. An oscillating device according to claim 1, wherein said oscillation movable element has a reflection surface and it functions as an optical deflector for changing a direction of reflection of light incident thereupon.
14. An optical instrument, comprising:
a light source; and
an oscillating device as recited in claim 13, for deflecting light from said light source;
wherein at least a portion of the light deflected by said oscillating device is projected on an image display member or a photosensitive member.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for managing in real-time a telecommunication device used by a user, comprising:
an administrator wallet for electronically storing units of value, being accessible by an administrator, and being associated with at least the telecommunication device; and a function manager for managing a plurality of different functions to be performed by the telecommunication device, the function manager having a global rule that specifies whether a function is permitted, the function manager having a local rule that specifies whether a charge of units of value associated with the function will be paid by the user or by the administrator wallet.
2. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the local rule specifies that the administrator wallet is to pay for the function if the user cannot pay for the function.
3. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a user wallet for electronically storing units of value, being accessible by the user, and being associated with the telecommunication device, wherein the local rule specifies that even if the administrator wallet is to pay for the function, if the administrator wallet lacks sufficient units of value to pay for the function, then the user wallet is to pay for the function if the user wallet contains sufficient units of value.
4. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a user wallet for electronically storing units of value, being accessible by the user, and being associated with the telecommunication device, wherein the user wallet or the administrator wallet are associated with a charge card, and wherein the charge card is to pay for the function if either the user wallet or the administrator wallet lack sufficient units of value.
5. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the units of value are credits representing services or applications.
6. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the local rule specifies that charges associated with sending or receiving content between the telecommunication device and the administrator or another device authorized by the administrator are to be paid by the administrator wallet.
7. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the local rule specifies a list of names or numbers corresponding to other communication devices or persons, and wherein the local rule specifies that charges associated with sending or receiving content between the telecommunication device and the other communication devices or persons on the list are to be paid by the user.
8. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a promotional wallet for storing units of value and being associated with the telecommunication device, wherein the global rule specifies one or more promotional functions that can be paid by the promotional wallet, and wherein the local rule specifies that if sufficient units of value are stored in the promotional wallet, then charges associated with the promotional functions are to be paid by the promotional wallet.
9. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a user wallet for electronically storing units of value, being accessible by the user, and being associated with the telecommunication device, wherein if the units of value stored in the administrator wallet or the user wallet equal or pass a predetermined level, the administrator andor the user is alerted.
10. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the function manager is accessible by the administrator through a website that enables the administrator to choose the function and to choose a first global rule andor a first local rule.
11. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a transfer function for enabling units of value to be transferred between the administrator wallet, the user andor a third party.
12. The system as recited in claim 11, further comprising a user wallet for electronically storing units of value, being accessible by the user, and being associated with the telecommunication device, wherein the transfer function automatically makes the transfer of a predetermined number of units of value to the user wallet from the administrator wallet on a periodic schedule or when the units of value stored in the user wallet or the administrator wallet equal or pass a predetermined level.
13. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a user wallet for electronically storing units of value, being accessible by the user, and being associated with the telecommunication device, and further comprising a gift function for enabling a third party to make a deposit of units of value to either the user wallet or the administrator wallet and to communicate with the user andor the administrator regarding the deposit.
14. A system for funding in real-time a telecommunication device used by a user, comprising:
a dynamic wallet for electronically storing units of value, the dynamic wallet being accessible by a financier and being represented by a unique identifier; and a function manager for managing a plurality of functions to be performed by the telecommunication device, the function manager having a global rule that specifies whether a function is permitted and a local rule that applies if the function is permitted by the global rule and that specifies whether a number of units of value associated with the function will be paid by the user or by the dynamic wallet.
15. The system as recited in claim 14, further comprising a funding function accessible by the financier that enables the financier to associate the dynamic wallet with the telecommunication device and to establish or change the local rule.
16. The system as recited in claim 14, further comprising an administrator wallet for electronically storing units of value and being associated with the telecommunication device, the administrator wallet being accessible by an administrator and operative to control the function manager, the local rule further specifying whether the number of units of value associated with the function will be charged to the user, the dynamic wallet or the administrator wallet.
17. The system as recited in claim 14, further comprising an administrator wallet for electronically storing units of value and being associated with the telecommunication device, the administrator wallet being accessible by an administrator and operative to control the function manager, and further comprising a funding function accessible by the financier that enables the financier to associate the dynamic wallet with the telecommunication device and to establish or change the local rule.
18. A system for managing in real-time a telecommunication device used by a user, comprising a function manager for managing a plurality of functions to be performed by the telecommunication device, the function manager including:
a global rule that specifies whether a function is permitted; and
a local rule that applies if the function is permitted by the global rule and that specifies whether a number of units of value associated with the function will be paid by the user or a promotional wallet, wherein the promotional wallet electronically stores units of value and is associated with the telecommunication device, and wherein if the function is a promotional function, the promotional wallet pays the number of units of value for the promotional function until a predetermined limit has been met.
19. The system as recited in claim 18, further comprising a user wallet for electronically storing units of value, being accessible by the user, and being associated with the telecommunication device, the local rule further specifying that the user wallet is to pay the number of units of value for the promotional function once the predetermined limit has been met.
20. The system as recited in claim 18, further comprising an administrator wallet for electronically storing units of value and being associated with the telecommunication device, the administrator wallet being accessible by an administrator and operative to control the function manager, and wherein the global rule specifies whether the promotional function is permitted by the administrator.