We claim:
1. A method of measuring the molecular mass of a compound Y of unknown molecular mass by mass spectrometry, comprising
providing a sample of compound Y,
providing samples of at least two different compounds each of Formula (I), RX in which R is a trityl group and X is cleavable to form a charged species for mass spectrometry,
and recording the molecular mass of compound Y and the at least two compounds of Formula (I) in a mass spectrometer.
2. The method, according to claim 1, in which R is R1R2R3C wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and each is a monocyclic or fused ring aromatic group that is substituted or unsubstituted.
3. The method, according to claim 2, in which at least one of R1, R2 and R3 carries a substituent selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkoxy and hydrocarbyl.
4. The method, according to claim 3, in which the alkoxy or hydrocarbyl is substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, sulphonic acid, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, thiol, primary, secondary or tertiary amino, primary or secondary amido, anhydride, carbonyl halide and active ester.
5. The method, according to any of claim 2, in which each of R1, R2 and R3 is aryl.
6. The method, according to claim 5, wherein said al is phenyl.
7. The method, according to claim 1, in which the trityl group R has at least two amide substituents.
8. The method, according to claim 7, wherein said trityl group R has at least four amide substituents.
9. The method, according claim 2, in which R1, R2 and R3 together carry at least two amide groups andor at least two reactive groups for coupling.
10. The method, according to claim 9, wherein said groups are N-hydroxy succinimide ester groups.
11. The method, according to claim 1, in which X is halide or tosylate.
12. The method, according to claim 1, comprising providing at least five compounds of Formula (I) and recording their molecular masses in a mass spectrometer.
13. The method, according claim 1, in which the group X is photocleavable to form a charged species for mass spectrometry.
14. The method, according to claim 1, additionally comprising estimating the molecular mass of unknown compound Y as My and providing at least one compound of Formula (I) which has known molecular mass M1 below My and at least one different compound of Formula (I) which has molecular mass M2 above My.
15. The method, according to claim 14, wherein the difference between My and each of M1 and M2 is not more than 50%.
16. The method, according to claim 1, additionally comprising providing a sample of at least one further compound Z of unknown molecular mass and measuring the molecular mass of compound Z.
17. Use of a compound of Formula (I) RX in which R is a trityl group and X is cleavable to form a charged species for mass spectrometry as a calibration compound for mass spectrometry.
18. A kit for the production of calibration compounds for mass spectrometry comprising:
(a) at least one base reactant of Formula (I) RX where R is a trityl group and X is cleavable to form a charged species for mass spectrometry; and
(b) at least two different amine compounds which are of different molecular masses and which are each capable of reacting with the base reactant;
wherein the base reactant (a) is packaged separately from amine compounds (b).
19. The kit, according to claim 18, additionally comprising instructions to select at least two desired molecular masses M1 and M2 for the calibration compounds and to choose one or more amines for reaction with the base reactant so as to obtain compounds of the desired predetermined molecular masses M1 and M2, and instructions to use the compounds in mass spectrometry.
20. A set of calibration compounds for mass spectrometry comprising at least two separately packaged mixtures (a) and (b), wherein
mixture (a) comprises at least two different compounds each of formula (I) RX and having different molecular masses, and
mixture (b) comprises at least two further compounds of formula (I) RX having different molecular masses and wherein R is a trityl group and X is cleavable to form a charged species for mass spectrometry.
21. The set, according to claim 20, in which the lowest molecular mass in mixture (a) is lower than the lowest molecular mass in mixture (b) and the highest molecular mass in mixture (a) is lower than the highest molecular mass in mixture (b).
22. The set, according to claim 20, in which each of mixtures (a) and (b) contains at least five different compounds of different molecular masses.
23. The set, according to claim 22, in which each of mixtures (a) and (b) contains at least 10 different compounds of different molecular masses.
24. The set, according to claim 20, comprising at least three separately packaged mixtures of compounds.
25. The set, according to claim 24, comprising at least five separately packaged mixtures of compounds.
26. A kit for the production of a set of calibration compounds comprising a first package comprising a base reactant of Formula (I) RX, in which R is a trityl group and X is cleavable to form a charged species for mass spectrometry, and at least two separate second packages (a) and (b), each containing a mixture of at least two amine compounds which have different molecular masses and which are capable of reacting with the base reactant.
27. The kit, according to claim 26, in which the lowest molecular mass in mixture (a) is lower than the lowest molecular mass in mixture (b) and the highest molecular mass in mixture (a) is lower than the highest molecular mass in mixture (b).
28. The kit, according to claim 26, in which each of mixtures (a) and (b) contain at least five different amine compounds of different molecular masses.
29. The kit, according to claim 28, wherein each of mixtures (a) and (b) contain at least ten different amine compounds of molecular masses.
30. The kit, according to claim 26, comprising at least three mixtures of amine compounds.
31. The kit, according to claim 30, comprising at least five mixtures of amine compounds.
32. A method of measuring the molecular mass of a compound Y of unknown molecular mass comprising
estimating the expected molecular mass of compound Y, selecting at least one calibration compound of Formula (I) RX having molecular weight close to the expected molecular weight of the compound Y, in which R is a trityl group and X is cleavable to form a charged species for mass spectrometry
and subjecting both compounds to mass spectrometry simultaneously.
33. The method, according to claim 32, in which the calibration compound RX is provided by selecting a base reactant RX and selecting an amine reactant of appropriate molecular mass and reacting the amine reactant and the base reactant.
34. A mixture of at least two compounds of Formula (I) RX in which R is a trityl group and X is a group cleavable to give a charged species for analysis by mass spectrometry.
35. The mixture, according to claim 34, comprising at least five different compounds of Formula (I).
36. The mixture, according to claim 35, comprising at least ten different compounds of Formula (I).
37. A method of mass spectrometry comprising subjecting simultaneously to mass spectrometry at least two different compounds of Formula (I) RX in which R is a trityl group and X is cleavable to give a charged species for analysis by mass spectrometry.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A dental extractor, comprising:
a housing having a flexible shaft extending therefrom;
a dental bridge attached to the flexible shaft, the dental bridge having:
parallel first and second elongated members, each of the first and second elongated members having a first end and a second end;
a first portion extending across the first ends of the first and second elongated members;
a first support member attached to the second end of the first elongated member; and
a second support member attached to the second end of the second elongated member, the first and second support members being spaced apart to define an opening therebetween, the opening in apposition to a tooth selected for extraction;
a gripping mechanism slidably positioned between the first elongated member and the second elongated member of the dental bridge, the gripping mechanism being adapted for gripping the tooth selected for extraction;
a control mechanism positioned inside the housing, the control mechanism being configured to control opening and closing of the gripping mechanism; and
a selectively movable member coupled to the housing, the selectively movable member being configured to control position of the gripping member in relation to the tooth selected for extraction.
2. The dental extractor according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a tubular housing.
3. The dental extractor according to claim 1, further comprising at least two handles attached to the housing.
4. The dental extractor according to claim 3, wherein the at least two handles comprise two circular rings.
5. The dental extractor according to claim 1, wherein
the gripping mechanism comprises a first gripping member, and a second gripping member, the first and second gripping members being pivotally connected at one end;
wherein the first and second gripping member are selectively disposed between an open position separating the first and second gripping members at a second end opposite the one end, and a closed position urging the second ends of the first and second gripping members towards each other so as to grip the tooth selected for extraction.
6. The dental extractor according to claim 5, wherein the control mechanism comprises:
a push button having a shaft, including a tip;
an annular flange disposed around the shaft of the push button;
a disc fixed inside the housing, the disk having an opening defined therein, the shaft of the push button being slidably disposed in the housing and slidable through the opening in the disk;
a compression spring coaxially disposed on the shaft between the annular flange and the fixed disk, the spring being compressed when the push button is pressed towards the housing, the spring bearing against the annular flange to move the push button away from the housing when the push button is released;
at least one control Wire having a first end attached to the tip of the shaft and a second end attached to the top portion of the gripping mechanism; and
at least one guide coupled to the inside portion of the housing, the at least one control wire having a medial portion passing through the at least one guide;
wherein when the push button is pressed towards the housing, the at least one control wire is pulled forward by the shaft, thereby moving the gripping members to the closed position, and when the push button is released, the spring pushes the push button away from the housing, relaxing tension on the at least one control wire, thereby moving the gripping members to the open position.
7. The dental extractor according to claim 1, further comprising a support member adapted for attachment to a dental chair and a coupling member releasably attaching the support member to the housing.
8. The dental extractor according to claim 7, wherein the support member includes at least one leg adapted to attach onto a dental chair.
9. A dental extractor, comprising:
a housing and a flexible shaft extending from the housing;
a dental bridge attached to the flexible shaft, the dental bridge having:
parallel first and second elongated members, each of the elongated members having a first end and a second end;
a first portion extending across the first ends of the first and second elongated members;
a first support member attached to the second end of the first elongated member; and
a second support member attached to the second end of the second elongated member, the first and second support members being spaced apart to define an opening adapted to receive a tooth selected for extraction between the first and second support members;
a gripping mechanism slidably positioned between the first elongated member and the second elongated member of the dental bridge, the gripping mechanism having a first gripping member, a second gripping member, and a first portion pivotally connecting the first gripping member to the second gripping member, the gripping members being pivotal between an open position separating the gripping members and a closed position urging the gripping members towards each other in order to grip the tooth selected for extraction;
means for controlling pivoting the gripping members between the open position and the closed position;
a lever pivotally attached to the housing;
a wire extending between the lever and the gripping mechanism, the lever selectively rocking the gripping mechanism; and
a support member adapted for attachment to a dental chair and a coupling member releasably attaching the support member to the housing, the support member having at least one leg configured to attach onto a dental chair.
10. The dental extractor according to claim 9, wherein the housing comprises a tubular housing.
11. The dental extractor according to claim 9, wherein the housing comprises at least two handles.
12. The dental extractor according to claim 11, wherein the at least two handles comprise at least two circular rings.
13. The dental extractor according to claim 9, wherein the first gripping member and the second gripping member of the gripping mechanism comprise serrated edges.
14. The dental extractor according to claim 9,
wherein the means for controlling comprises:
a push button having a shaft, including a tip;
an annular flange disposed around the shaft of the push button;
a disc fixed inside the housing, the disk having an opening defined therein, the shaft of the push button being slidably disposed in the housing and slidable through the opening in the disk;
a compression spring coaxially disposed on the shaft between the annular flange and the fixed disk, the spring being compressed when the push button is pressed towards the housing, the spring bearing against the annular flange to move the push button away from the housing when the push button is released;
at least one control wire having a first end attached to the tip of the shaft and a second end attached to the top portion of the gripping mechanism; and
at least one guide coupled to the inside portion of the housing, the at least one control wire having a medial portion passing through the at least one guide;
wherein when the push button is pressed towards the housing, the at least one control wire is pulled forward by the shaft, thereby moving the gripping members to the closed position, and when the push button is released, the spring pushes the push button away from the housing, relaxing tension on the at least one control wire, thereby moving the gripping members to the open position.