1. A method for performing memory prefetching, said method comprising:
generating a stream length histogram (SLH) based on a stream of Read and Write requests accessing a system memory;
determining whether or not to issue a prefetch command after a Read request based on information within said generated SLH; and
in a determination that a prefetch command should be issued, issuing a prefetch command to said system memory along with other commands, wherein a prefetch command prefetching k consecutive lines after a Read request is issued when the following equality is met:
lht(i)<2\xd7lht(i+k)\u2212lht(fs+1)
where lht(i) is the number of Read requests that are part of said stream of length i or longer, where 1\u2266i\u2266fs, and fs is the longest stream to be tracked.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein method further includes constructing said SLH using length Fs likelihood tables LHTcurr and LHTnext that correspond to said lht( ) function.
3. A computer non-transitional storage medium having a computer program product for performing memory prefetching, said computer storage medium comprising:
computer program code for generating a stream length histogram (SLH) based on a stream of Read and Write requests accessing a system memory;
computer program code for determining whether or not to issue a prefetch command after a Read request based on information within said generated SLH; and
computer program code for, in a determination that a prefetch command should be issued, issuing a prefetch command to said system memory along with other commands, wherein a prefetch command prefetching k consecutive lines after a Read request is issued when the following equality is met:
lht(i)<2\xd7lht(i+k)\u2212lht(fs+1)
where lht(i) is the number of Read requests that are part of said stream of length i or longer, where 1\u2266i\u2266fs, and fs is the longest stream to be tracked.
4. The computer storage medium of claim 3, wherein computer storage medium further includes computer program code for constructing said SLH using length Fs likelihood tables LHTcurr and LHTnext that correspond to said lht( ) function.
5. A memory controller comprising:
a stream filter for generating a stream length histogram (SLH) based on a stream of Read and Write requests accessing a system memory; and
a prefetch generator for determining whether or not to issue a prefetch command after a Read request based on information within said generated SLH, and for issuing a prefetch command to be sent to said system memory along with other commands in a determination that a prefetch command should be issued, wherein a prefetch command prefetching k consecutive lines after a Read request is issued when the following equality is met:
lht(i)<2\xd7lht(i+k)\u2212lht(fs+1)
where lht(i) is the number of Read requests that are part of said stream of length i or longer, where 1\u2266i\u2266fs, and fs is the longest stream to be tracked.
6. The memory controller of claim 5, wherein memory controller further includes two length Fs likelihood tables LHTcurr and LHTnext that correspond to said lht( ) function for representing said SLH.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
Having thus described the invention, what we claim is:
1. A process for removing lower temperature binders from a monolith structure while activating the adsorbent in said monolith structure comprising heating said monolith structure to a temperature sufficient to remove substantially all of said lower temperature binder.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said temperature is less than about 450 C.
3. The process according to claim 2 wherein the said temperature is less than 325 C.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said lower temperature binder is selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, and copolymers such as butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said monolith adsorbent contains lower temperature and higher temperature binders.
6. The process as claimed in claim 5 wherein said lower temperature and said higher temperature binders are in a mixture.
7. The process as claimed in claim 6 wherein said mixture comprises from about 50 to about 95 weight % lower temperature binder.
8. The process as claimed in claim 5 wherein said higher temperature binder is selected from the group consisting of silica, clays, amorphous aluminosilicates, and copolymers of butadiene-acrylonitrile.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said adsorbent materials are selected from the group consisting of zeolite type X, zeolite type A, zeolite type Y, ZSM-3, EMT, EMC-2, ZSM-18, ZK-5, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, , L, chabazite, offretite, erionite, mordenite, gmelinite, mazzite, and mixtures thereof, alumina, CMS, silica, silica gel, amorphous aluminosilicate and clays.
10. The process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said adsorbent material is selected from the group consisting of type X zeolite, type A zeolite and mordenite.
11. The process as claimed in claim 10 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 0.9 to about 1.25.
12. The process as claimed in claim 11 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 1.0 to 1.1.
13. The process as claimed in claim 12 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl ratio less than 1.08.
14. The process as claimed in claim 9 wherein substantially all of the charge-compensating cations in said zeolites are in sodium.
15. The process as claimed in claim 10 wherein substantially all of the charge-compensating cations in said X and type A zeolites with SiAl ratio of 1.0 are in sodium form.
16. The process as claimed in claim 9 wherein said adsorbent material is selected from the group consisting of activated alumina, silica gel and CMS.
17. The process as claimed in claim 10 wherein said adsorbent material is selected from the group consisting of type X zeolite; type A zeolite; and mordenite containing lithium, lithium and bivalent cations, lithium and trivalent cations, and lithium and bivalent cations and trivalent cations; and mixtures thereof.
18. The process as claimed in claim 17 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 0.9 to about 1.25.
19. The process as claimed in claim 18 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 1.0 to 1.1.
20. The process as claimed in claim 19 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl ratio of about 1.0.
21. The process as claimed in claim 17 where the lithium content of X zeolite is greater than 50% of the total charge-compensating cations.
22. The process as claimed in claim 21 wherein said lithium content of X zeolite is greater than 75% of the total charge-compensating cations.
23. A process for fabricating a monolith adsorbent structure comprising the steps of: forming a slurry comprising water, fiber, adsorbent, retention aid and lower and higher temperature binders; forming paper from said slurry; forming a monolith adsorbent structure from said paper; and heating said monolith adsorbent structure in the flow of a gas to a temperature sufficient to remove substantially all of said lower temperature binder.
24. The process as claimed in claim 23 wherein said temperature is less than about 450 C.
25. The process as claimed in claim 24 wherein said temperature is less than about 325 C.
26. The process as claimed in claim 23 wherein said lower temperature binder is selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, and copolymers such as butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers.
27. The process as claimed in claim 23 wherein said lower temperature and said higher temperature binders are in a mixture.
28. The process as claimed in claim 27 wherein said mixture comprises from about 50 to about 95 weight % lower temperature binder.
29. The process as claimed in claim 23 wherein said higher temperature binder is selected from the group consisting of silica, clays, amorphous aluminosilicates, and copolymers of butadiene-acrylonitrile.
30. The process as claimed in claim 23 wherein said adsorbent materials are selected from the group consisting of zeolite type X, zeolite type A, zeolite type Y, ZSM-3, EMT, EMC-2, ZSM-18, ZK-5, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, , L, chabazite, offretite, erionite, mordenite, gmelinite, mazzite, and mixtures thereof, alumina, CMS, silica, silica gel, amorphous aluminosilicate and clays.
31. The process as claimed in claim 30 wherein said adsorbent material is selected from the group consisting of type X zeolite, type A zeolite and mordenite.
32. The process as claimed in claim 31 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 0.9 to about 1.25.
33. The process as claimed in claim 32 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 1.0 to 1.1.
34. The process as claimed in claim 33 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl ratio less than 1.08.
35. The process as claimed in claim 30 wherein said zeolites are sodium containing zeolites.
36. The process as claimed in claim 30 wherein said adsorbent material is selected from the group consisting of activated alumina, silica gel and CMS.
37. The process as claimed in claim 31 wherein said adsorbent material is selected from the group consisting of type X zeolite; type A zeolite; and mordenite containing lithium, lithium and bivalent cations, lithium and trivalent cations, and lithium and bivalent cations and trivalent cations; and mixtures thereof.
38. The process as claimed in claim 37 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 0.9 to about 1.25.
39. The process as claimed in claim 38 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 1.0 to 1.1.
40. The process as claimed in claim 39 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl ratio of about 1.0.
41. The process as claimed in claim 37 where the lithium content of X zeolite is greater than 50% of the total charge-compensating cations.
42. The process as claimed in claim 41 wherein said lithium content of X zeolite is greater than 75% of the total charge-compensating cations.
43. A method of separating a first gaseous component from a gas mixture comprising a first gaseous component and a second gaseous component comprising:
(a) passing the gaseous mixture into an adsorption zone containing a monolith adsorbent, wherein said monolith adsorbent has been heated to a temperature sufficient to remove substantially all of the lower temperature binder contained therein, and wherein said monolith adsorbent is capable of separating said first gaseous component from said second gaseous component; and
(b) recovering the non-preferentially adsorbed gaseous component from said adsorption zone.
44. The method as claimed in claim 43 wherein said gaseous mixture is air and said first and said second gaseous components are oxygen and nitrogen.
45. The method as claimed in claim 43 wherein said temperature is less than about 450 C.
46. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein said temperature is less than about 325 C.
47. The method as claimed in claim 43 wherein said lower temperature binder is selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, and copolymers such as butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers.
48. The method as claimed in claim 43 wherein said monolith adsorbent contains higher temperature binders.
49. The method as claimed in claim 48 wherein said lower temperature and said higher temperature binders are in a mixture.
50. The method as claimed in claim 49 wherein said mixture comprises from about 50 to about 95 weight % lower temperature binder.
51. The method as claimed in claim 48 wherein said higher temperature binder is selected from the group consisting of silica, clays, amorphous aluminosilicates, and copolymers of butadiene-acrylonitrile.
52. The method as claimed in claim 43 wherein said adsorbent materials are selected from the group consisting of zeolite type X, zeolite type A, zeolite type Y, ZSM-3, EMT, EMC-2, ZSM-18, ZK-5, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, , L, chabazite, offretite, erionite, mordenite, gmelinite, mazzite, and mixtures thereof, alumina, CMS, silica, silica gel, amorphous aluminosilicate and clays.
53. The method as claimed in claim 52 wherein said adsorbent material is selected from the group consisting of type X zeolite, type A zeolite and mordenite.
54. The method as claimed in claim 53 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 0.9 to about 1.25.
55. The method as claimed in claim 54 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 1.0 to 1.1.
56. The method as claimed in claim 55 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl ratio less than 1.08.
57. The method as claimed in claim 52 wherein said zeolites are sodium containing zeolites.
58. The method as claimed in claim 52 wherein said adsorbent material is selected from the group consisting of activated alumina, silica gel and CMS.
59. The method as claimed in claim 53 wherein said adsorbent material is selected from the group consisting of type X zeolite; type A zeolite; and mordenite containing lithium, lithium and bivalent cations, lithium and trivalent cations, and lithium and bivalent cations and trivalent cations; and mixtures thereof.
60. The method as claimed in claim 59 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 0.9 to about 1.25.
61. The method as claimed in claim 60 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl molar ratio of about 1.0 to 1.1.
62. The method as claimed in claim 61 wherein said type X zeolite has a SiAl ratio of about 1.0.
63. The method as claimed in claim 59 where the lithium content of X zeolite is greater than 50% of the total charge-compensating cations.
64. The method as claimed in claim 63 wherein said lithium content of X zeolite is greater than 75% of total charge-compensating cations.