1. A method of resuming triangular asynchronous replication operations between a primary group at a first data center, a synchronous backup group at a second data center, and an asynchronous backup group at a third data center, the method comprising:
stopping work at a data storage device temporarily hosting the primary group at one of: the second data center and the third data center;
configuring data mirroring relationships to provide for synchronous data mirroring from the data storage device at the first data center to a data storage device at the second data center;
configuring data mirroring relationships to provide for an asynchronous data mirror from the data storage device at the first data center to a data storage device at the third data center, wherein writes begun at the first data center after a first time and before a second time are associated with a first chunk of data and writes begun after the second time are associated with a second chunk of data different from the first chunk of data and wherein, after completion of all writes associated with the first chunk of data, data for writes associated with the first chunk of data is transferred to the third data center and, in response to receiving a message separate from the first and second chunks of data indicating the transfer of the first chunk of data is complete from the first data center to the third data center, the data storage device at the third data center stores the data writes associated with the first chunk of data; and
resuming work at the first data center.
2. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising:
initiating synchronization of a data storage device at the first data center with the data storage device temporarily hosting the primary group.
3. A method, according to claim 2, further comprising:
completing pending data write operations associated with an asynchronous data mirror used by the data storage device temporarily hosting the primary group prior to initiating synchronization.
4. A method, according to claim 2, wherein work is resumed at the first data center following completion of the synchronization.
5. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising:
prior to resuming work at the first data center, initiating multisession control at the first data center.
6. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising:
following intermittent failure of a link between the first data center and the second data center, synchronizing the data storage device at the first data center with the data storage device at the second data center.
7. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising:
following intermittent failure of a link between the first data center and the third data center, providing local copies of the data storage device at the second data center and the data storage device at the third data center and initiating transfer of synchronizing data from the data storage device at the first data center to the data storage device at the third data center.
8. A method, according to claim 7, further comprising:
waiting for synchronization between the data storage device at the first data center with the data storage device at the third data center prior to resuming work at the first data center.
9. Computer software, provided in a computer-readable medium, that resumes triangular asynchronous replication operations between a primary group at a first data center, a synchronous backup group at a second data center, and an asynchronous backup group at a third data center, the software comprising:
executable code that stops work at a data storage device temporarily hosting the primary group at one of: the second data center and the third data center;
executable code that configures data mirroring relationships to provide for synchronous data mirroring from the data storage device at the first data center to a data storage device at the second data center; and
executable code that configures data mirroring relationships to provide for an asynchronous data mirror from the data storage device at the first data center to a data storage device at the third data center, wherein writes begun at the first data center after a first time and before a second time are associated with a first chunk of data and writes begun after the second time are associated with a second chunk of data different from the first chunk of data and wherein, after completion of all writes associated with the first chunk of data, data for writes associated with the first chunk of data is transferred to the third data center and, in response to receiving a message separate from the first and second chunks of data indicating the transfer of the first chunk of data is complete from the first data center to the third data center, the data storage device at the third data center stores the data writes associated with the first chunk of data.
10. Computer software, according to claim 9, further comprising:
executable code that initiates synchronization of a data storage device at the first data center with the data storage device temporarily hosting the primary group.
11. Computer software, according to claim 10, further comprising:
executable code that completes pending data write operations associated with an asynchronous data mirror used by the data storage device temporarily hosting the primary group prior to initiating synchronization.
12. Computer software, according to claim 10, wherein work is resumed at the first data center following completion of the synchronization.
13. Computer software, according to claim 9, further comprising:
executable code that initiates multisession control at the first data center prior to resuming work at the first data center.
14. Computer software, according to claim 9, further comprising:
executable code that synchronizes the data storage device at the first data center with the data storage device at the second data center following intermittent failure of a link between the first data center and the second data center.
15. Computer software, according to claim 9, further comprising:
executable code that provides local copies of the data storage device at the second data center and the data storage device at the third data center and initiating transfer of synchronizing data from the data storage device at the first data center to the data storage device at the third data center following intermittent failure of a link between the first data center and the third data center.
16. Computer software, according to claim 15, further comprising:
executable code that waits for synchronization between the data storage device at the first data center with the data storage device at the third data center prior to resuming work at the first data center.
17. A triangular asynchronous replication system, comprising:
a primary group at a first data center;
a synchronous backup group at a second data center coupled to the first data center; and
an asynchronous backup group at a third data center coupled to the first data center, wherein at least one of the data centers includes at least one storage device having software that, following a failure, resumes triangular asynchronous replication operations between the primary group, the synchronous backup group, and the asynchronous backup group, the software having executable code that stops work at a data storage device temporarily hosting the primary group at one of: the second data center and the third data center, executable code that configures data mirroring relationships to provide for synchronous data mirroring from the data storage device at the first data center to a data storage device at the second data center, and executable code that configures data mirroring relationships to provide for an asynchronous data mirror from the data storage device at the first data center to a data storage device at the third data center, wherein writes begun at the first data center after a first time and before a second time are associated with a first chunk of data and writes begun after the second time are associated with a second chunk of data different from the first chunk of data and wherein, after completion of all writes associated with the first chunk of data, data for writes associated with the first chunk of data is transferred to the third data center and, in response to receiving a message separate from the first and second chunks of data indicating the transfer of the first chunk of data is complete from the first data center to the third data center, the data storage device at the third data center stores the data writes associated with the first chunk of data.
18. A triangular asynchronous replication system, according to claim 17,
wherein the software also includes executable code that initiates synchronization of a data storage device at the first data center with the data storage device temporarily hosting the primary group.
19. A triangular asynchronous replication system, according to claim 18,
wherein the software also includes executable code that completes pending data write operations associated with an asynchronous data mirror used by the data storage device temporarily hosting the primary group prior to initiating synchronization.
20. A triangular asynchronous replication system, according to claim 18,
wherein work is resumed at the first data center following completion of the synchronization.
21. A triangular asynchronous replication system, according to claim 17,
wherein the software also includes executable code that initiates multisession control at the first data center prior to resuming work at the first data center.
22. A triangular asynchronous replication system, according to claim 17,
wherein the software also includes executable code that synchronizes the data storage device at the first data center with the data storage device at the second data center following intermittent failure of a link between the first data center and the second data center.
23. A triangular asynchronous replication system, according to claim 17,
wherein the software also includes executable code that provides local copies of the data storage device at the second data center and the data storage device at the third data center and initiating transfer of synchronizing data from the data storage device at the first data center to the data storage device at the third data center following intermittent failure of a link between the first data center and the third data center.
24. A triangular asynchronous replication system, according to claim 23,
wherein the software also includes executable code that waits for synchronization between the data storage device at the first data center with the data storage device at the third data center prior to resuming work at the first data center.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of manufacturing a solar cell, the method comprising:
stacking a solar cell device layer containing GaN on a sacrificial substrate;
etching the solar cell device layer to expose the sacrificial substrate, thereby forming one or more solar cell devices comprising the solar cell device layer;
anisotropically etching the exposed sacrificial substrate;
contacting the solar cell devices to a stamping processor to remove the solar cell devices from the sacrificial substrate; and
transferring the solar cell devices onto a receiving substrate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sacrificial substrate is a silicon substrate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the solar cell device layer comprises a buffer layern-GaN layerInGaN layerp-GaN layer.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sacrificial substrate has a (111) crystal structure, and the anisotropic etch is performed in a (110) direction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more solar cell devices are arranged in a plurality of rows, and one or more solar cells are disposed in each of the rows.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least portions of a p-GaN layer and an n-GaN layer of the respective solar cell devices are exposed, and metal layers are stacked on at least portions of the exposed region.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the metal layers of the solar cell devices are electrically connected to each other in correspondence with their polarities.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving substrate is a flexible substrate.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the solar cell device layer has a tandem structure.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the solar cell device layer having the tandem structure has a structure in which a first solar cell device layer and a second solar cell device layer, each having a structure of n-GaN layerInGaN layerp-GaN layer, are stacked.
11. A method of manufacturing a solar cell, the method comprising:
doping p-type impurities into a silicon substrate to form a p-doped layer;
stacking a solar cell device layer containing InGaN on the silicon substrate to form a solar cell device having one or more tandem structure of a lower silicon solar cell device layer comprising the p-doped layer and an upper GaN solar cell comprising a GaN solar cell device layer;
stacking a protection layer on the solar cell device layer having the tandem structure to pattern the protection layer;
etching the entire device layer and the lower silicon substrate by a predetermined depth in a vertical direction;
forming spacers on lateral surfaces of the etched device layer and the silicon substrate etched by the predetermined depth;
anisotropically etching the silicon substrate exposed between the spacers;
contacting the solar cell devices to a stamping processor to remove the solar cell devices from the sacrificial substrate; and
transferring the solar cell devices onto a receiving substrate.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the GaN solar cell device layer has a structure in which an AlN buffer layer, a high concentration p+-GaN layer, a high concentration n+-GaN layer, an n-GaN layer, an InGaN layer, and a p-GaN layer are sequentially stacked.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the silicon has a (111) crystal structure, and the anisotropic etch is performed in a (110) direction.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more solar cell devices having the tandem structure are arranged in a plurality of rows, and one or more solar cells are disposed in each of the rows.
15. The method of claim 11, further comprising exposing at least portions of the p-GaN layer of the solar cell device layer and the lower silicon substrate to stack metal layers on at least portions of the exposed region.
16. The method of claim 11, wherein the metal layers are electrically connected to each other in correspondence with their polarities.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein the receiving substrate is a flexible substrate.
18. A solar cell comprising:
a substrate;
a polymer layer on the substrate;
solar cell devices spaced from each other on the substrate; and
a conductive layer electrically connecting an n-type electrode and a p-type electrode of the respective solar cell devices to each other.
19. The solar cell of claim 18, wherein the polymer layer is formed of polyimide or norland.
20. The solar cell of claim 18, wherein the respective solar cell devices are a GaN-based signal solar cell device, a GaN-based tandem type solar cell device, or a tandem type solar cell device of a silicon solar cell deviceGaN-based solar cell device.
21. The solar cell of claim 18, wherein the substrate is a flexible substrate, and the polymer is disposed in a space between the solar cell devices spaced from each other.