1. An aqueous resinous binder comprising:
(a) polymeric microparticles obtained by aqueous phase addition polymerization of a monomer component comprising one or more addition polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a polymer dispersed in aqueous medium in which the polymer is selected from a polyester, a polyurethane and an acrylic copolymer including mixtures thereof,
(b) a water-dilutable urethane polyol,
(c) a hydroxyl group-containing material derived from the reaction of an epoxy group-containing material with a phosphorus acid; and
(d) an aqueous dispersion of a reaction product, said reaction product produced by the steps of: reacting trimellitic anhydride and a polyol to form an intermediate reaction product, wherein the molar ratio of trimellitic anhydride to the polyol is from 1:2 to 1:4; and reacting the intermediate reaction product with an anhydride to form said reaction product.
2. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1 in which the aqueous resinous binder has a resin solids content of from 20 to 60 percent by weight based on total weight of (a)+(b)+(c)+(d).
3. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1 in which the addition polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers are selected from alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, vinylidene halides and hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid including mixtures thereof.
4. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 3 comprising a hydroxyalkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the hydroxyalkyl group.
5. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 4 which has a hydroxyl value between 75 and 250.
6. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1 in which the polyester has an acid number between 10 and 60.
7. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1 in which the polyester is formed from reacting a polycarboxylic acid with a polyol.
8. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 7 in which a portion of the polycarboxylic acid is selected from maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid.
9. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1 in which the urethane polyol is prepared by the reaction of a cyclic carbonate with a polyamine.
10. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 9 in which the cyclic carbonate is a linear or branched aliphatic cyclic carbonate.
11. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 10 in which the cyclic carbonate is a monocarbonate.
12. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 9 in which the polyamine is a polyprimary amine.
13. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1 in which the hydroxyl functional material (c) is the reaction product of a polyepoxide and a phosphorus acid.
14. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 13 in which the polyepoxide is a polyglycidyl ether of a polyphenol.
15. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 14 in which the phosphorus acid is selected from phosphoric acid and an organic phosphonic acid.
16. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1 in which the polymeric microparticles (a) are present in the aqueous resinous binder in amounts of 40 to 90 percent by weight based on total weight of resin solids.
17. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1 in which the water-dilutable urethane polyol is present in the composition in amounts of 5 to 30 percent by weight based on weight of resin solids.
18. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1 in which component (c) is present in the composition in amounts of 2 to 20 percent by weight based on total weight of resin solids.
19. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1, which further comprises a curing agent.
20. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 19 in which the curing agent is selected from polyisocyanates including blocked polyisocyanates and aminoplasts.
21. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 19 in which the curing agent is present in amounts of 10 to 30 percent by weight based on total weight of resin solids in the aqueous resinous binder and curing agent.
22. A multilayer composite coating comprising a primer, a basecoat adhered to the primer and a clearcoat adhered to the basecoat, wherein the primer is derived from the aqueous resinous binder of claim 19.
23. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1, which further comprises pigments.
24. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 23 in which the pigment to resin weight ratio is from 0.2:1.0 to 3.0:1.0.
25. The aqueous resinous binder of claim 1, in which the molar ratio of trimellitic anhydride to the polyol in the reaction product ranges from 1:2.3 to 1:3.3.
26. A multilayer composite coating comprising a primer, a basecoat adhered to the primer and a clearcoat adhered to the basecoat, wherein the primer is derived from the aqueous resinous binder of claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
We claim:
1. A hydrodynamic seal 103 for sealing between a machine component 109 and a relatively rotatable surface 115 and for serving as a partition between a first fluid 121 and a second fluid 124 and preventing intrusion of the second fluid 124 into the first fluid 121, comprising:
A. an annular seal body 104 having a first seal end 133 and a second seal end 136;
B. an annular static sealing lip 128 defining a sloping static sealing surface 131 for establishing compressed sealing relation with the machine component 109;
C. an annular dynamic sealing lip 127 in generally opposed relation to said static sealing lip 128 for establishing compressed sealing relation with the relatively rotatable surface 115 and defining:
i. a sloping dynamic sealing surface 140 of generally annular form and having variable width and being for establishing compressed sealing relation with the machine component 109;
ii. a hydrodynamic inlet curvature 142 that varies in position relative to said second seal end 136 to form one or more waves for providing hydrodynamic wedging action in response to relative rotation; and
iii. a dynamic exclusionary intersection 139 of substantially abrupt form for facing and preventing intrusion of the second fluid 124.
2. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, comprising:
at least one energizer 163 of generally circular form for loading said dynamic sealing lip 127 into compressed sealing relation with the relatively rotatable surface 115.
3. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 2, comprising:
said at least one energizer 163 being an elastomeric ring.
4. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 2, comprising:
said at least one energizer 163 being at least one cantilever-type spring.
5. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 2, comprising:
said at least one energizer 163 being a canted coil spring.
6. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 2, comprising:
said at least one energizer 163 being a garter coil spring.
7. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 2, comprising:
said at least one energizer 163 being located between said dynamic sealing lip 127 and said static sealing lip 128.
8. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 2, comprising:
said at least one energizer 163 defining said static sealing lip 128.
9. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 2, comprising:
said at least one energizer element having a modulus of elasticity less than the modulus of elasticity of said annular seal body 104.
10. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 2, comprising:
said at least one energizer element having a modulus of elasticity greater than the modulus of elasticity of said annular seal body 104.
11. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, comprising:
A. said annular seal body 104 defining a dynamic control surface 145 for facing the relatively rotatable surface 115 and for resisting cross-sectional twisting of said annular seal body 104;
B. said annular seal body 104 defining a static control surface 148 for facing the machine component 109 and for resisting cross-sectional twisting of said annular seal body 104; and
C. said dynamic control surface 145 and said static control surface 148 being in substantially oppositely oriented relation to one another.
12. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, comprising:
said dynamic exclusionary intersection 139 being an intersection between said sloping dynamic sealing surface 140 and said second seal end 136.
13. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, comprising:
said second seal end 136 projecting outward in a generally convex configuration in the uncompressed condition thereof.
14. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, wherein:
A. said annular seal body 104 defining a depth dimension D from said sloping static sealing surface 131 to said sloping dynamic sealing surface 140;
B. said annular seal body 104 defining a length dimension L from said first seal end 133 to said second seal end 136; and
C. the ratio of said length dimension L divided by said depth dimension D being greater than 1.2.
15. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, wherein:
A. said annular seal body 104 defining a depth dimension D from said sloping static sealing surface 131 to said sloping dynamic sealing surface 140;
B. said annular seal body 104 defining a length dimension L from said first seal end 133 to said second seal end 136; and
C. the ratio of said length dimension L divided by said depth dimension D being in the range of 1.4 to 1.6.
16. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, wherein:
A. said annular seal body 104 defining a depth dimension D from said sloping static sealing surface 131 to said sloping dynamic sealing surface 140; and
B. the magnitude of said depth dimension D varying substantially in time with said position of said hydrodynamic inlet curvature 142.
17. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, wherein:
said second seal end 136 defining an annular recess 167 intermediate said dynamic sealing lip 127 and said static sealing lip 128.
18. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, wherein:
said first seal end 133 varying in position relative to said second seal end 136 and substantially in time with said position of said hydrodynamic inlet curvature 142.
19. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, wherein:
said annular seal body 104 being solid in cross-section.
20. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, wherein:
A. said dynamic sealing lip 127 projecting radially inward from said annular seal body 104; and
B. said static sealing lip 128 projecting radially outward from said annular seal body 104.
21. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, wherein:
A. said dynamic sealing lip 127 projecting radially outward from said annular seal body 104; and
B. said static sealing lip 128 projecting radially inward from said annular seal body 104.
22. The hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 1, wherein:
said dynamic sealing lip 127 and said substantially opposite facing static sealing lip 128 both projecting axially from said annular seal body 104.
23. A hydrodynamic seal 103 for sealing between a machine component 109 and a relatively rotatable surface 115 and for serving as a partition between a first fluid 121 and a second fluid 124 and preventing intrusion of the second fluid 124 into the first fluid 121, comprising:
A. an annular seal body 104 having a first seal end 133 and a second seal end 136;
B. an annular dynamic sealing lip 127A in generally opposed relation to said static sealing lip 128 for establishing compressed sealing relation with the relatively rotatable surface 115 and defining:
i. a sloping dynamic sealing surface 140A of generally annular form and having variable width and being for establishing compressed sealing relation with the machine component 109;
ii. a hydrodynamic inlet curvature 142A that varies in position relative to said second seal end 136 to form one or more waves for providing hydrodynamic wedging action in response to relative rotation; and
iii. a dynamic exclusionary intersection 139A of substantially abrupt form for facing and preventing intrusion of the second fluid 124.
C. an annular dynamic sealing lip 127B in generally opposed relation to said dynamic sealing lip 127A for establishing compressed sealing relation with the machine component 109 and defining:
i. a sloping dynamic sealing surface 140B of generally annular form and having variable width and being for establishing compressed sealing relation with the machine component 109;
ii. a hydrodynamic inlet curvature 142B that varies in position relative to said second seal end 136 to form one or more waves for providing hydrodynamic wedging action in response to relative rotation; and
iii. a dynamic exclusionary intersection 139B of substantially abrupt form for facing and preventing intrusion of the second fluid 124.
24. An annular hydrodynamic seal 103 for sealing between a machine component 109 and a relatively rotatable surface 115 and serving as a partition between first and second fluids 121 and 124 and preventing intrusion of the second fluid into the first fluid, comprising:
A. an annular seal body 104 having first and second seal ends;
B. a dynamic sealing lip 127 of generally circular configuration extending from said annular seal body and defining a sloping dynamic sealing surface 140 of variable width and having a hydrodynamic inlet curvature 142 of variable position;
C. a static sealing lip 128 of generally circular configuration extending from said annular seal body and being located in generally opposed relation with said dynamic sealing lip, said static sealing lip defining a sloping static sealing surface; and
D. said sloping dynamic sealing surface 148 and hydrodynamic inlet curvature 142 of said dynamic sealing lip 127 being deformed by compressive engagement with the relatively rotatable surface 115 and defining a hydrodynamic wedging angle and an interfacial contact footprint with respect to the relatively rotatable surface, said interfacial contact footprint having a first footprint edge 157 and a second footprint edge 160, said first footprint edge being of non-circular configuration for hydrodynamically wedging a lubricating film of the first fluid into said interfacial contact footprint responsive to relative rotational velocity, causing the lubricating film to migrate toward said second footprint edge.
25. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 24, comprising:
said second footprint edge 160 being of substantially circular configuration and defining a dynamic exclusionary intersection for preventing hydrodynamic wedging action at said second seal end for excluding entry of the second fluid into said interfacial contact footprint.
26. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 24, comprising:
said second seal end 136 being of generally convex geometry in the uncompressed state thereof and being deformed to a substantially planar geometry responsive to compression of said annular hydrodynamic seal 103 between said machine component 109 and said relatively rotatable surface 1 5.
27. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 24, comprising:
said sloping static sealing surface 131 of said static sealing lip 127 being deformed by compressive engagement with the machine component 109 and defining an interfacial contact footprint with respect thereto.
28. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 24, comprising:
said sloping dynamic sealing surface 140 and said sloping static sealing surface 131 each being disposed in angulated relation respectively with said machine component 109 and said relatively rotatable surface 115.
29. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 24, comprising:
said sloping dynamic sealing surface 140 and said sloping static sealing surface 131 of said dynamic sealing lip 127 and said static sealing lip 128 each being disposed in angulated relation respectively with the relatively rotatable surface 115 and the machine component 109.
30. An annular hydrodynamic seal 103 for sealing between first and second relatively rotatable members and serving as a partition between first and second fluids and preventing intrusion of the second fluid into the first fluid, comprising:
A. an annular seal body 103 having first and second ends;
B. an annular dynamic sealing lip 127 being integral with said annular seal body and defining at least one annular sloping surface 140 establishing dynamic exclusionary intersection 139 with said second end;
C. said annular sloping surface 140 of said dynamic sealing lip 127 being deformed by compressive engagement with the relatively rotatable surface 115 and defining a generally circular interfacial contact footprint having a first footprint edge 157 and a second footprint edge 160 and varying in width on at least the first footprint edge;
D. said annular sloping surface 140 defining a hydrodynamic wedging angle with respect to the relatively rotatable surface 115 for hydrodynamically wedging a lubricating film of the first fluid into a dynamic sealing interface of the interfacial contact footprint with the relatively rotatable surface 115 in response to relative rotational velocity, causing the lubricant film to migrate within the dynamic sealing interface toward the second footprint edge;
E. an annular static sealing lip 128 extending from said annular seal body and being disposed in oppositely facing relation with said dynamic sealing lip 127, said static sealing lip defining a sloping surface 131 establishing static exclusionary intersection with said second end; and
F. said annular sloping surface 140 of said static sealing lip 127 being deformed by compressive engagement with the machine component 109 and defining a generally circular static interfacial contact footprint with the machine component, the generally circular static interfacial contact footprint having first and second footprint edges.
31. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 30, comprising:
said interfacial contact footprint of said dynamic sealing lip 127 having greater interfacial contact pressure at said second footprint edge 160 resulting from deformation of said annular sloping surface 140 as compared with interfacial contact pressure at said first footprint edge 157.
32. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 30, comprising:
at least one energizer element 163 loading said annular dynamic and static sloping surfaces against the machine component 109 and the relatively rotatable surface 115 and establishing desired interfacial contact pressure of said annular interfacial contact footprints with the machine component and the relatively rotatable surface.
33. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 30, comprising:
said annular seal body 103 defining a dynamic control surface 145 and a static control surface 148 being in substantially opposite facing relation with said dynamic control surface, said dynamic and static control surfaces resisting interference compression induced cross-sectional twisting of said annular seal body.
34. An annular hydrodynamic seal 103 for interference sealing between a machine component 109 and a relatively rotatable surface 1 15 and defining a sealed partition between a lubricant chamber 121 of the machine component and an environment, comprising:
A. an annular seal body 103 having a lubricant end 133 and a environment end 136;
B. a dynamic sealing lip 127 being defined by said annular seal body having a dynamic sealing surface 140 of sloped configuration;
C. said environment end of said annular seal body establishing dynamic exclusionary intersection with said relatively rotatable surface; and
D. upon compression of said seal between said housing and the relatively rotatable surface a portion of said dynamic sealing surface being deformed by and assuming the configuration of said relatively rotatable surface and establishing a dynamic sealing footprint of varying width throughout the circumference thereof; and
E. a static sealing lip 128 being defined by said annular seal body and having a sloped static sealing surface 131 establishing static exclusionary intersection with said environment end surface, said static sealing lip being deformed by interference compression with the housing to define a static sealing footprint establishing a static sealing interface with the machine component.
35. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 34, comprising:
an energizing element 163 being located within said environment end of said annular seal body 103 and being located intermediate said environment end surface and between said dynamic sealing lip 127 and said static sealing lip 128 and respectively loading said dynamic and static sealing lips against said relatively rotatable surface and the machine component.
36. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 35, comprising:
A. said environment end of said annular seal body 103 defining an annular recess 167; and
B. said energizing element 163 being located within said annular recess.
37. The annular hydrodynamic seal of claim 35, comprising:
said energizing element 163 being an annular spring of generally C-shaped cross-sectional configuration.
38. The annular hydrodynamic seal 103 of claim 35, comprising:
said energizing element 163 being an annular member composed of an elastomer material having a modulus of elasticity less than the modulus of elasticity of said annular seal body.