1. A method for generating seismic fluid prediction data for a subsurface region, comprising:
preconditioning seismic data for amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) analysis;
generating seismic AVO attribute data for the subsurface region, including creating intercept (A) and gradient (B) seismic data using two or more angle stacks of seismic data;
generating lithology prediction data with the intercept (A) and gradient (B) seismic data;
generating an AVO crossplot for fluids to identify an initial AVO anomaly; and
generating seismic fluid prediction data based on the generated AVO crossplot and lithology prediction data.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising acquiring seismic data representative of the subsurface region.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising processing two or more angle-stacks of seismic data.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein preconditioning seismic data comprises:
spectral broadening the seismic data; and
amplitude scaling the seismic data to fit an AVO model of interest.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein preconditioning seismic data further comprises rotating the seismic data to quadrature phase.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein preconditioning seismic data further comprises spectral shaping the seismic data.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein spectral shaping the seismic data comprises spectral shaping the seismic data to boost the low frequency content, including:
estimating a seismic wavelet of the seismic data; and
applying a filter to move the amplitude spectrum of the seismic data to an earth model.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein preconditioning seismic data further comprises:
amplitude scaling the seismic data for each angle stack to fit an AVO model of interest; and
rotating the seismic data to quadrature phase.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein amplitude scaling the seismic data for each angle stack comprises generating a synthetic well-tie to the seismic data using an AVO model for each angle stack and scaling the seismic data to match synthetic amplitude for each angle stack.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein preconditioning seismic data further comprises spectrally whitening the seismic data to equalize amplitudes of the seismic data at all frequencies.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein spectrally whitening the seismic data comprises:
estimating a seismic wavelet of the seismic data; and
applying a filter to equalize amplitudes of the seismic data at all frequencies.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein preconditioning seismic data further comprises:
integrating the spectrally whitened data along time domain or depth domain for each trace; and
amplitude scaling the seismic data for each angle stack to fit an AVO model of interest.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein preconditioning further comprises removing a background trend in amplitude from the integrated data by applying a filter to remove the background trend.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein generating AVO data comprises formulating the intercept (A) and gradient (B) seismic data using a Shuey multi-term approximation, or Zoeppritz equations.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the AVO crossplot for fluids to highlight the initial AVO anomaly comprises crossplotting the intercept (A) and gradient (B) seismic data at a well or other chosen hydrocarbon location within the subsurface region.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the other chosen hydrocarbon location comprises one or more seismic traces for analysis.
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
providing a fluid line on the AVO crossplot; and
designating data on the AVO crossplot as anomalous or non-anomalous features with respect to the fluid line.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the fluid line comprises one or more fluid lines separating anomalous and non-anomalous hydrocarbon bearing features from other hydrocarbon bearing features or non-hydrocarbon bearing features.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the non-hydrocarbon bearing features are wet sands andor wet shales and the hydrocarbon bearing features are hydrocarbon bearing sands.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the seismic fluid prediction data based on the generated AVO crossplot and lithology prediction data comprises:
creating fluid prediction data comprising an initial seismic dataset including non-anomalous reference points of seismic data for the subsurface region;
analyzing each point of the seismic data, trace-by-trace, to determine if each point falls within an anomalous zone for a hydrocarbon bearing feature on the AVO crossplot;
assigning a hydrocarbon value for each point determined to fall within the anomalous zone; and
expanding the fluid prediction data along the seismic trace for each point determined to fall within the anomalous zone.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein expanding the fluid prediction data comprises
identifying one or more hydrocarbon-water contacts with an individual time sample prior to creating the fluid prediction data; and
inputting hydrocarbon-water contacts as horizons that limit the expansion of the fluid prediction data.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein assigning the hydrocarbon value for each point and expanding the fluid prediction model are iteratively performed in a forward and a reverse direction with respect to the seismic trace.
23. The method of claim 18, wherein generating the seismic fluid prediction data based on the generated AVO crossplot and lithology prediction data comprises:
creating a fluid prediction data comprising an initial seismic dataset including non-anomalous reference points of seismic data for the subsurface region;
analyzing each point of the seismic data, trace-by-trace, to determine if each point falls within an anomalous zone for a hydrocarbon bearing feature on the AVO crossplot;
assigning a hydrocarbon value for each point determined to fall within the anomalous zone; and
expanding the fluid prediction data along the seismic trace for each point determined to fall within the anomalous zone.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein expanding the fluid prediction data comprises
identifying one or more hydrocarbon-water contacts with an individual time sample prior to creating the fluid prediction data; and
inputting hydrocarbon-water contacts as horizons that limit the expansion of the fluid prediction data.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein assigning the hydrocarbon value for each point and expanding the fluid prediction model are each iteratively performed in a forward and a reverse direction with respect to the seismic trace.
26. A tangible computer-readable storage medium having embodied thereon a computer program configured to, when executed by a processor, for generating seismic fluid prediction data for a subsurface region, the medium comprising one or more code segments configured to:
precondition seismic data for amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) analysis;
generate seismic AVO attribute data for the subsurface region, including creating intercept (A) and gradient (B) seismic data using two or more angle stacks of seismic data;
generate lithology prediction data with the intercept (A) and gradient (B) seismic data;
generate an AVO crossplot for fluids to identify an initial AVO anomaly; and
generate seismic fluid prediction data based on the generated AVO crossplot and lithology prediction data.
27. The tangible computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, further comprising one or more code segments configured to process two or more angle-stacks of seismic data.
28. The tangible computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the one or more code segments configured to precondition seismic data comprises one or more code segments configured to:
spectral broaden the seismic data;
amplitude scale the seismic data to fit an AVO model of interest; and
rotate the seismic data to quadrature phase.
29. The tangible computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the one or more code segments configured to precondition seismic data comprises one or more code segments configured to:
spectral shape the seismic data, wherein spectral shaping the seismic data comprises spectral shaping the seismic data to boost the low frequency content, including:
estimating a seismic wavelet of the seismic data; and
applying a filter to move the amplitude spectrum of the seismic data to an earth model; and
amplitude scale the seismic data for each angle stack to fit an AVO model of interest; and
rotate the seismic data to quadrature phase.
30. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the one or more code segments configured to precondition seismic data further comprises one or more code segments configured to:
spectrally whiten the seismic data to equalize amplitudes of the seismic data at all frequencies, wherein spectrally whitening the seismic data comprises:
estimating a seismic wavelet of the seismic data; and
applying a filter to equalize amplitudes of the seismic data at all frequencies; and
integrate the spectrally whitened data along time domain or depth domain for each trace; and
amplitude scaling the seismic data for each angle stack to fit an AVO model of interest.
31. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the one or more code segments configured to generate the AVO crossplot for fluids to identify the initial AVO anomaly comprises one or more code segments configured to crossplot the intercept (A) and gradient (B) seismic data at a well or other chosen hydrocarbon location within the subsurface region.
32. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 31, further comprising one or more code segments configured to:
provide a fluid line on the AVO crossplot; and
designate data on the AVO crossplot as anomalous or non-anomalous features with respect to the fluid line.
33. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 32, wherein the fluid line comprises one or more fluid lines separating anomalous and non-anomalous hydrocarbon bearing features from other hydrocarbon bearing features or non-hydrocarbon bearing features.
34. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the non-hydrocarbon bearing features are wet sands andor wet shales and the hydrocarbon bearing features are hydrocarbon bearing sands.
35. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the one or more code segments to generate the seismic fluid prediction data based on the generated AVO crossplot and lithology prediction data comprises one or more code segments configured to:
create fluid prediction data comprising an initial seismic dataset including non-anomalous reference points of seismic data for the subsurface region;
analyze each point of the seismic data, trace-by-trace, to determine if each point falls within an anomalous zone for a hydrocarbon bearing feature on the AVO crossplot;
assign a hydrocarbon value for each point determined to fall within the anomalous zone; and
expand the fluid prediction data along the seismic trace for each point determined to fall within the anomalous zone.
36. The tangible computer readable medium of claim 35, wherein assigning the hydrocarbon value for each point and expanding the fluid prediction model are iteratively performed in a forward and a reverse direction with respect to the seismic trace.
37. The tangible computer readable medium of claim 35, wherein expanding the fluid prediction data comprises identifying one or more hydrocarbon-water contacts with an individual time sample prior to creating the fluid prediction data; and inputting hydrocarbon-water contacts as horizons that limit the expansion of the fluid prediction data.
38. A method for producing hydrocarbons from a subsurface region, comprising:
generating seismic fluid prediction data for a subsurface region, wherein generating seismic fluid prediction data includes:
preconditioning seismic data for amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) analysis;
generating seismic AVO attribute data for the subsurface region, including creating intercept (A) and gradient (B) seismic data using two or more angle stacks of seismic data;
generating lithology prediction data with the intercept (A) and gradient (B) seismic data;
generating an AVO crossplot for fluids to identify an initial AVO anomaly; and
generating seismic fluid prediction data based on the generated AVO crossplot and lithology prediction data; and
controlling production of a hydrocarbon bearing asset within the subsurface region based on the seismic fluid prediction data; and
producing hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon bearing asset.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein controlling production of the hydrocarbon bearing asset includes optimizing well location or well production.
40. The method of claim 38, further comprising using the seismic fluid prediction data for spatially identifying fluids for transformation with one or more equations in a seismic reflectivity and rock physics inversion to determine rock properties.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A cloth, comprising a water-insoluble nonwoven, which has been moistened with an impregnation solution comprising an oil-in-water emulsion having a viscosity of less than 2000 mPa\xb7s, and comprising:
one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters selected from the group consisting of monoglyceride and diglyceride esters of saturated fatty acids with citric acid and
one or more fatty alcohols selected from the group consisting of branched and unbranched alkyl alcohols with 10 to 40 carbon atoms.
2. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the unimpregnated cloth to the impregnation solution is from 1:1 to 1:5.
3. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters include glyceryl stearate citrate.
4. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, or a mixture thereof.
5. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more fatty alcohols include cetyl stearyl alcohol.
6. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total amount of the one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters in the impregnation solution is from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnation solution.
7. The cloth as claimed in claim 6, wherein the total amount of the one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters in the impregnation solution is from 0.5 to 6.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnation solution.
8. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total amount of the one or more fatty alcohols in the impregnation solution is from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnation solution.
9. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total amount of the one or more fatty alcohols in the impregnation solution is from 0.5 to 6.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnation solution.
10. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters to the one or more fatty alcohols is from 7:3 to 3:7.
11. The cloth as claimed in claim 10, wherein the weight ratio of the one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters to the one or more fatty alcohols is from 2:1 to 1:2.
12. The cloth as claimed in claim 11, wherein the weight ratio of the one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters to the one or more fatty alcohols is about 1:1.
13. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the impregnation solution includes an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the oil phase is present in the impregnation solution in an amount from 5 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnation solution.
14. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the impregnation solution further comprises one or more auxiliaries, additives or active ingredients selected from the group consisting of moisturizers, waxes, surfactants, preservatives, antioxidants, dyes, plant extracts, UV filters, pigments, deodorant and antiperspirant active ingredients, dermatological active ingredients and perfumes.
15. The cloth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil-in-water emulsion comprises one or more fatty alcohols selected from the group consisting of branched and unbranched alkyl alcohols with 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
16. A cloth, comprising a water-insoluble nonwoven, which has been moistened with an impregnation solution comprising an oil-in-water emulsion having a viscosity of less than 2000 mPa\xb7s, and comprising:
one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters selected from the group consisting of monoglyceride and diglyceride esters of saturated fatty acids with citric acid;
one or more fatty alcohols selected from the group consisting of branched and unbranched alkyl alcohols with 10 to 40 carbon atoms; and
one or more washing-acting surfactants having a HLB greater than about 25.
17. The cloth as claimed in claim 16, wherein the amount of water in the impregnation solution is less than about 80.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnation solution.
18. The cloth as claimed in claim 16, wherein the weight ratio of the unimpregnated cloth to the impregnation solution is from 1:1 to 1:5.
19. The cloth as claimed in claim 16, wherein the one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters include glyceryl stearate citrate.
20. The cloth as claimed in claim 16, wherein the one or more fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, or a mixture thereof.
21. The cloth as claimed in claim 16, wherein the total amount of the one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters in the impregnation solution is from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnation solution.
22. The cloth as claimed in claim 16, wherein the total amount of the one or more fatty alcohols in the impregnation solution is from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnation solution.
23. The cloth as claimed in claim 16, wherein the weight ratio of the one or more partially neutralized glyceride esters to the one or more fatty alcohols is from 7:3 to 3:7.
24. The cloth as claimed in claim 16, wherein the impregnation solution includes an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the oil phase is present in the impregnation solution in an amount from 5 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnation solution.
25. The cloth as claimed in claim 16, wherein the impregnation solution further comprises one or more auxiliaries, additives or active ingredients selected from the group consisting of moisturizers, waxes, preservatives, antioxidants, dyes, plant extracts, UV filters, pigments, deodorant and antiperspirant active ingredients, dermatological active ingredients and perfumes.