1. A method for generating a document with embedded features by which said document may be authenticated, said method comprising:
first applying visible document content to a surface of said document;
second applying a liquid medium to said surface, said liquid medium including a first plurality of permanent electrostatic monopoles in suspension; and
fixing said liquid medium on said surface, wherein a readable permanent electrostatic field pattern is provided at a surface of said document for subsequent verification of authenticity of said document.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said second applying applies a liquid medium that further comprises a second plurality of electrostatic monopoles of opposite charge to a charge state of said first plurality of monopoles, wherein differentiation of said electrostatic field pattern is improved during said subsequent authentication.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said first applying and said second applying are performed simultaneously by said second applying said liquid medium having visible properties readily distinguishable from said surface, wherein said first applying is accomplished by application of said liquid medium.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said first applying and said second applying are accomplished by handwriting with a pen that includes said liquid medium in at least one vessel for supplying to a tip of said pen.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said pen includes multiple vessels for supplying differing inks to one or more tips of said pen, and a mechanism for selecting among said vessels, and wherein said method further comprises selecting among at least two of:
a first liquid medium including plurality of electrostatic monopoles in suspension;
a second liquid medium including a second plurality of electrostatic monopoles in suspension, said second plurality of elestrostatic monopoles having an opposite charge from a charge state of said first plurality of electrostatic monopoles; and
an ink containing no electric monopoles and having visible properties readily distinguishable from said surface.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said applying is performed by directing said liquid medium through a nozzle at said surface.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising selecting among at least two of:
a first liquid medium including plurality of electrostatic monopoles in suspension;
a second liquid medium including a second plurality of electrostatic monopoles in suspension, said second plurality of elestrostatic monopoles having an opposite charge from a charge state of said first plurality of electrostatic monopoles; and
an ink containing no electric monopoles and having visible properties readily distinguishable from said surface.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said second applying applies a liquid medium containing a plurality permanently charged negative and positive dipoles, and further comprising applying an electric field pattern to said surface prior to fixing said liquid medium, wherein a readable permanent electrostatic field pattern is provided at a surface of said document.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An anion conducting electrolyte membrane comprises:
a polymeric material which consists of fluorine polymer, olefinic polymer, or aromatic polymer;
quaternary salt obtained by the reaction of grafts introduced by graft-polymerizing vinyl monomer which contains halogenated alkyl groups using radiation and strong organic bases.
2. The anion conducting electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein said strong organic base is at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-t-butyl-1,1,3; 3-pentamethyl guanidine; 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl guanidine; 7-methyl-1,5; 7-triazabicyclo4.4.0deca-5-ene; 1,5-diazabicyclo4.3.0nona-5-ene; 4-dimethylaminopyridine; 1-methylbenzimidazole; 1,2-dimethylimidazole; 1-methylimidazole; N,N-dimethylaniline.
3. The anion conducting electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein said vinyl monomer which contains halogenated alkyl groups is chloromethylstyrene.
4. The anion conducting electrolyte membrane according to claim 3, wherein said strong organic base is at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-t-butyl-1,1,3; 3-pentamethyl guanidine; 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl guanidine; 7-methyl-1,5; 7-triazabicyclo4.4.0deca-5-ene; 1,5-diazabicyclo4.3.0nona-5-ene; 4-dimethylaminopyridine; 1-methylbenzimidazole; 1,2-dimethylimidazole; 1-methylimidazole; N,N-dimethylaniline.
5. A method of manufacturing an anion conducting electrolyte membrane comprising:
graft polymerizing vinyl monomer which contains the halogenated alkyl groups on a polymeric material which consists of fluorine polymer, olefinic polymer or aromatic polymer using radiation;
quaternizing at least one part of the grafts on the polymeric material introduced by the radiation graft polymerization with strong organic bases; and
substituting halogen anions of the quaternized grafts with hydroxide ions.
6. The method of manufacturing an anion conducting electrolyte membrane according to claim 5, wherein said strong organic base is at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-t-butyl-1,1,3; 3-pentamethyl guanidine; 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl guanidine; 7-methyl-1,5; 7-triazabicyclo4.4.0deca-5-ene; 1,5-diazabicyclo4.3.0nona-5-ene; 4-dimethylaminopyridine; 1-methylbenzimidazole; 1,2-dimethylimidazole; 1-methylimidazole; N,N-dimethylaniline.
7. The method of manufacturing an anion conducting electrolyte membrane according to claim 5, wherein said vinyl monomer which contains halogenated alkyl groups is chloromethylstyrene.
8. The method of manufacturing an anion conducting electrolyte membrane according to claim 7, wherein said strong organic base is at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-t-butyl-1,1,3; 3-pentamethyl guanidine; 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl guanidine; 7-methyl-1,5; 7-triazabicyclo4.4.0deca-5-ene; 1,5-diazabicyclo4.3.0nona-5-ene; 4-dimethylaminopyridine; 1-methylbenzimidazole; 1,2-dimethylimidazole; 1-methylimidazole; N,N-dimethylaniline.