1. A coating composition for use in delivering a medicament from the surface of a medical device positioned in vivo, the composition comprising a polymeric reagent formed by the polymerization of the following monomers:
a) about 1 to about 20 mole % of a polyether monomer,
b) about 5 to about 75 mole % of a carboxylic acid-containing monomer, such that the effective ratio of ether groups to carboxylic acid groups in the resultant copolymer is between about 1 to 1 and about 10 to 1,
c) optionally, about 0.1 to about 10 mole % of a photoderivatized monomer, and
d) an amount of a hydrophilic monomer suitable to bring the composition to 100%.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyether monomer comprises an alkoxy (poly)alkyleneglycol (meth)acrylate.
3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the alkoxy group is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and butoxy.
4. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the (poly)alkylene glycol component of the alkoxy (poly)alkyleneglycol (meth)acrylate is selected from the group consisting of (poly)propylene glycol and (poly)ethylene glycol.
5. A composition according to claim 4 wherein the (poly)alkylene glycol has a nominal weight average molecular weight ranging from about 200 gmole to about 2000 gmole.
6. A composition according to claim 5 wherein the polyether monomer is selected from the group consisting essentially of methoxy (poly)ethylene glycol methacrylates, (poly)ethylene glycol methacrylates, and (poly)propylene glycol methacrylates.
7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyether monomer is present in an amount of between about 5 and about 15 mole %.
8. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the carboxylic acid-containing monomer is selected from carboxyl substituted ethylene compounds.
9. A composition according to claim 8 wherein the carboxyl acid-containing monomer is selected from acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, crotonic, itaconic, and citraconic acid.
10. A composition according to claim 8 wherein the concentration of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer is between about 30 to about 50 mole %.
11. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the carboxylic-acid containing monomer comprises (meth)acrylic acid.
12. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the concentration of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer is between about 30 to about 50 mole % and the carboxylic acid containing monomer comprises (meth)acrylic acid.
13. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the photoderivatized monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-3-(4-benzoylbenzoamido)propylmethacrylamide, 9-vinyl anthracene, and 9-anthracenylmethyl methacrylate.
14. A composition according to claim 13 wherein the photoderivatized monomer is present in an amount of between about 1 to about 7 mole %.
15. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the hydrophilic monomer comprises an alkenyl substituted amide.
16. A composition according to claim 15 wherein the hydrophilic monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, methacrylamide, and acrylamido propanesulfonic acid (AMPS).
17. A composition according to claim 16 wherein the hydrophilic monomer is present in an amount of between about 30 and about 70 mole %.
18. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the medicament is selected from the group consisting of peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides and combinations thereof.
19. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the medicament is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy agents selected from therapeutic nucleic acids and nucleic acids encoding therapeutic gene products, antibiotics selected from penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, minocycline, doxycycline, vancomycin, bacitracin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamycin, erythromycin and cephalosporins and antiseptics selected from silver sulfadiazine, chlorhexidine, glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, phenols, phenolic compounds, iodophor compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorine compounds.
20. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of catheters, implantable vascular access ports, blood storage bags, vascular stents, blood tubing, central venous catheters, arterial catheters, vascular grafts, intraaortic balloon pumps, heart valves, cardiovascular sutures, total artificial hearts and ventricular assist pumps, extracorporeal devices such as blood oxygenators, blood filters, hemodialysis units, hemoperfusion units, plasmapheresis units, hybrid artificial organs such as pancreas or liver and artificial lungs and filters adapted for deployment in a blood vessel in order to trap emboli.
21. A crosslinked coating composition for use in delivering a medicament from the surface of a medical device positioned in vivo, the composition comprising a polymeric reagent in the form of a gel matrix, the polymeric reagent being formed by the polymerization of the following monomers:
a) about 1 to about 20 mole % of a polyether monomer,
b) about 5 to about 75 mole % of a carboxylic acid-containing monomer, such that the effective ratio of ether groups to carboxylic acid groups in the resultant copolymer is between about 1 to 1 and about 10 to 1,
c) about 0.1 to about 10 mole % of the residue of a photoderivatized monomer, and
d) an amount of a hydrophilic monomer suitable to bring the composition to 100%.
22. A crosslinked composition according to claim 21 wherein the polyether monomer comprises an alkoxy (poly)alkyleneglycol (meth)acrylate.
23. A crosslinked composition according to claim 22 wherein the alkoxy group is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and butoxy.
24. A crosslinked composition according to claim 22 wherein the (poly)alkylene glycol component of the alkoxy (poly)alkyleneglycol (meth)acrylate is selected from the group consisting of (poly)propylene glycol and (poly)ethylene glycol.
25. A crosslinked composition according to claim 24 wherein the (poly)alkylene glycol component has a nominal weight average molecular weight ranging from about 200 gmole to about 2000 gmole.
26. A crosslinked composition according to claim 25 wherein the polyether monomer is selected from the group consisting essentially of methoxy (poly)ethylene glycol methacrylates, (poly)ethylene glycol methacrylates, and (poly)propylene glycol methacrylates.
27. A crosslinked composition according to claim 21 wherein the polyether monomer is present in an amount of between about 5 and about 15 mole %.
28. A crosslinked composition according to claim 21 wherein the carboxylic acid-containing monomer is selected from carboxyl substituted ethylene compounds.
29. A crosslinked composition according to claim 28 wherein the carboxyl acid-containing monomer is selected from acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, crotonic, itaconic, and citraconic acid.
30. A crosslinked composition according to claim 28 wherein the concentration of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer is between about 30 to about 50 mole %.
31. A crosslinked composition according to claim 30 wherein the carboxylic-acid containing monomer comprises (meth)acrylic acid.
32. A crosslinked composition according to claim 29 wherein the concentration of the carboxylic acid-containing monomer is between about 30 to about 50 mole % and the carboxylic acid containing monomer comprises (meth)acrylic acid.
33. A crosslinked composition according to claim 21 wherein the photoderivatized monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-3-(4-benzoylbenzoamido)propylmethacrylamide (\u201cBBA-APMA\u201d), 9-vinyl anthracene, and 9-anthracenylmethyl methacrylate.
34. A crosslinked composition according to claim 33 wherein the photoderivatized monomer is present in an amount of between about 1 to about 7 mole %.
35. A crosslinked composition according to claim 21 wherein the hydrophilic monomer comprises an alkenyl substituted amide.
36. A crosslinked composition according to claim 35 wherein the hydrophilic monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, methacrylamide, and acrylamido propanesulfonic acid (AMPS).
37. A crosslinked composition according to claim 36 wherein the hydrophilic monomer is present in an amount of between about 30 and about 70 mole %.
38. A crosslinked composition according to claim 21 wherein the medicament is selected from the group consisting of peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides and combinations thereof.
39. A crosslinked composition according to claim 21 wherein the medicament is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy agents selected from therapeutic nucleic acids and nucleic acids encoding therapeutic gene products, antibiotics selected from penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, minocycline, doxycycline, vancomycin, bacitracin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamycin, erythromycin and cephalosporins and antiseptics selected from silver sulfadiazine, chlorhexidine, glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, phenols, phenolic compounds, iodophor compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorine compounds.
40. A crosslinked composition according to claim 21 wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of catheters, implantable vascular access ports, blood storage bags, vascular stents, blood tubing, central venous catheters, arterial catheters, vascular grafts, intraaortic balloon pumps, heart valves, cardiovascular sutures, total artificial hearts and ventricular assist pumps, extracorporeal devices such as blood oxygenators, blood filters, hemodialysis units, hemoperfusion units, plasmapheresis units, hybrid artificial organs such as pancreas or liver and artificial lungs and filters adapted for deployment in a blood vessel in order to trap emboli.
41-66. (canceled)
67. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyether monomer comprises an alkoxy (poly)alkyleneglycol (meth)acrylate, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer is selected from carboxyl substituted ethylene compounds, the photoderivatized monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-3-(4-benzoylbenzoamido)propylmethacrylamide, 9-vinyl anthracene, and 9-anthracenylmethyl methacrylate, and the hydrophilic monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, methacrylamide, and acrylamido propanesulfonic acid (AMPS).
68. A composition according to claim 67 wherein the medicament is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy agents selected from therapeutic nucleic acids and nucleic acids encoding therapeutic gene products, antibiotics selected from penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, minocycline, doxycycline, vancomycin, bacitracin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamycin, erythromycin and cephalosporins and antiseptics selected from silver sulfadiazine, chlorhexidine, glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, phenols, phenolic compounds, iodophor compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorine compounds and the device is selected from the group consisting of catheters, implantable vascular access ports, blood storage bags, vascular stents, blood tubing, central venous catheters, arterial catheters, vascular grafts, intraaortic balloon pumps, heart valves, cardiovascular sutures, total artificial hearts and ventricular assist pumps, extracorporeal devices such as blood oxygenators, blood filters, hemodialysis units, hemoperfusion units, plasmapheresis units, hybrid artificial organs such as pancreas or liver and artificial lungs and filters adapted for deployment in a blood vessel in order to trap emboli.
69. A composition according to claim 67, wherein the device provides a polymeric surface selected from the group consisting of polyurethane and its copolymers, silicone and its copolymers, ethylene vinyl-acetate, thermoplastic elastomers, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, cellulosics, polyamides, polyesters, polysulfones, polytetrafluorethylenes, polycarbonates, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers, acrylics, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid-polyethylene oxide copolymers, cellulose, collagens, and chitins.
70. A composition according to claim 67, wherein the device provides a surface selected from the group consisting of titaniumtitanium alloys, TiNi, aluminum oxide, platinumplatinum alloys, stainless steels, pyrolytic carbon, silver, glassy carbon, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, silicone elastomers, polyolefins, polyvinyl chlorides, polyethers, polyesters, nylons, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyacrylates polymethacrylates, n-butyl cyanoacrylate, polyvinyl alcohols, polyisoprenes, rubber, cellulosics, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, acrylonitrile butadiene ethylene, polyamide, polyimide, styrene acrylonitrile, hydroxyapatite, bone, skin, teeth, collagen, laminin, elastin, fibrin, wood, cellulose, compressed carbon and glass.
71. A crosslinked composition according to claim 21 wherein the polyether monomer comprises an alkoxy (poly)alkyleneglycol (meth)acrylate, the carboxylic acid-containing monomer is selected from carboxyl substituted ethylene compounds, the photoderivatized monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-3-(4-benzoylbenzoamido)propylmethacrylamide, 9-vinyl anthracene, and 9-anthracenylmethyl methacrylate, and the hydrophilic monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, methacrylamide, and acrylamido propanesulfonic acid (AMPS).
72. A crosslinked composition according to claim 71 wherein the medicament is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy agents selected from therapeutic nucleic acids and nucleic acids encoding therapeutic gene products, antibiotics selected from penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, minocycline, doxycycline, vancomycin, bacitracin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamycin, erythromycin and cephalosporins and antiseptics selected from silver sulfadiazine, chlorhexidine, glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, phenols, phenolic compounds, iodophor compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorine compounds and the device is selected from the group consisting of catheters, implantable vascular access ports, blood storage bags, vascular stents, blood tubing, central venous catheters, arterial catheters, vascular grafts, intraaortic balloon pumps, heart valves, cardiovascular sutures, total artificial hearts and ventricular assist pumps, extracorporeal devices such as blood oxygenators, blood filters, hemodialysis units, hemoperfusion units, plasmapheresis units, hybrid artificial organs such as pancreas or liver and artificial lungs and filters adapted for deployment in a blood vessel in order to trap emboli.
73. A crosslinked composition according to claim 71, wherein the device provides a polymeric surface selected from the group consisting of polyurethane and its copolymers, silicone and its copolymers, ethylene vinyl-acetate, thermoplastic elastomers, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, cellulosics, polyamides, polyesters, polysulfones, polytetrafluorethylenes, polycarbonates, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers, acrylics, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid-polyethylene oxide copolymers, cellulose, collagens, and chitins.
74. A crosslinked composition according to claim 71, wherein the device provides a surface selected from the group consisting of titaniumtitanium alloys, TiNi, aluminum oxide, platinumplatinum alloys, stainless steels, pyrolytic carbon, silver, glassy carbon, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, silicone elastomers, polyolefins, polyvinyl chlorides, polyethers, polyesters, nylons, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyacrylates polymethacrylates, n-butyl cyanoacrylate, polyvinyl alcohols, polyisoprenes, rubber, cellulosics, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, acrylonitrile butadiene ethylene, polyamide, polyimide, styrene acrylonitrile, hydroxyapatite, bone, skin, teeth, collagen, laminin, elastin, fibrin, wood, cellulose, compressed carbon and glass.
75-78. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A dosing control system for an exhaust system, the exhaust system having an exhaust flow port configured and disposed to receive exhaust flow from an internal combustion engine, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) apparatus disposed in downstream flow communication with the exhaust flow port, the dosing control system comprising:
a reductant fluid tank operable to contain a reductant solution comprising urea;
an injector disposed in operable communication between the reductant tank and the SCR apparatus, the injector being operable to inject the reductant solution from the reductant tank into a flow of exhaust upstream of the SCR apparatus;
a urea quality sensor (UQS) configured and disposed to sense a concentration of urea in the reductant solution;
a control module disposed in signal communication with the UQS and in operable communication with the injector, the control module comprising a processing circuit responsive to executable instructions to adjust a dosing of the reductant solution injected by the injector based on a concentration of urea in the reductant solution; and
wherein the processing circuit is further responsive to executable instructions which when executed by the processing circuit facilitates an upward adjustment of the dosing of the reductant solution in response to a downward change in the concentration of urea in the reductant solution.
2. The dosing control system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is further responsive to executable instructions to adjust the dosing of the reductant solution at a slower rate than the UQS is configured to sense the concentration of urea in the reductant solution.
3. The dosing control system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is further responsive to executable instructions to adjust the dosing of the reductant solution according to at least one of: a look up table; a mathematical function; and, a multiplier.
4. The dosing control system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is further responsive to executable instructions to upwardly adjust the dosing of the reductant solution in response to the concentration of urea in the reductant solution falling below about 31.8% by volume.
5. The dosing control system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is further responsive to executable instructions to downwardly adjust the dosing of the reductant solution in response to the concentration of urea in the reductant solution being elevated from a level below a defined concentration range to a level within the defined concentration range.
6. The dosing control system of claim 5, wherein the defined concentration range is from about 31.8% to about 33.2% by volume.
7. The dosing control system of claim 1, wherein the control module when operational is configured to facilitate a continuous adjustment of the dosing of the reductant solution in response to a change in the concentration of urea in the reductant solution via continuous feedback from the UQS to the control module.
8. The dosing control system of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to facilitate adjustment of the dosing of the reductant solution upon an initial activation of the control system.
9. A method for delivering an exhaust fluid reductant solution to an exhaust flow upstream of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) apparatus, the method comprising:
monitoring a concentration percentage of urea in the reductant solution disposed in a reductant container or inline between the reductant container and a reductant solution injector;
based on the monitored concentration percentage of urea in the reductant solution, adjusting a dosing of the reductant solution to be injected into the exhaust flow upstream of the SCR apparatus;
injecting the adjusted dosing of the reductant solution into the exhaust flow upstream of the SCR apparatus;
monitoring a level of NOx or NH3 emission in the exhaust flow downstream of the SCR apparatus and verifying from the monitored level of NOx or NH3 emissions an appropriate dosing of the reductant solution into the exhaust flow upstream of the SCR apparatus;
wherein the adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution to be injected comprises adjusting the nominal dosing to establish a quality sensed modified dosing; and
wherein the injecting the adjusted dosing comprises injecting the quality sensed modified dosing.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution to be injected comprises upwardly adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution in response to a downward change in the concentration of the urea in the reductant solution.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the monitoring the concentration percentage of urea in the reductant solution comprises monitoring the concentration percentage at a defined rate, and the adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution to be injected comprising adjusting the dosing at a different rate slower than the defined rate.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution to be injected comprises adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution according to at least one of: a look up table; a mathematical function; and, a multiplier.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein upwardly adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution is in response to the concentration percentage of the urea in the reductant solution falling below about 31.8% by volume.
14. The method of claim 10, further comprising downwardly adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution in response to the concentration of the urea in the reductant solution being elevated from a level below a defined concentration range to a level within the defined concentration range.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the defined concentration range is from about 31.8% to about 33.2% by volume.
16. The method of claim 9, wherein:
in response to a downward change in the concentration of urea in the reductant solution, upwardly adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution;
in response to an upward change in the concentration of urea in the reductant solution, downwardly adjusting the dosing of the reductant solution; and
in response to an absence of change in the concentration of urea in the reductant solution, performing no adjustment in the dosing of the reductant solution.
17. A vehicle, comprising:
an internal combustion engine;
an exhaust system comprising an exhaust flow port configured and disposed to receive exhaust flow from the engine, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) apparatus disposed in downstream flow communication with the exhaust flow port; and
a dosing control system comprising:
a reductant tank operable to contain a reductant solution comprising urea;
an injector disposed in operable communication between the reductant tank and the SCR apparatus, the injector being operable to inject the reductant solution from the reductant tank into a flow of exhaust upstream of the SCR apparatus;
a urea quality sensor (UQS) configured and disposed to sense a concentration of urea in the reductant solution;
a control module disposed in signal communication with the UQS and in operable communication with the injector, the control module comprising a processing circuit responsive to executable instructions to adjust a dosing of the reductant solution injected by the injector based on a concentration of urea in the reductant solution; and
wherein the processing circuit is further responsive to executable instructions which when executed by the processing circuit facilitates an upward adjustment of the dosing of the reductant solution in response to a downward change in the concentration of urea in the reductant solution.
18. A non-road or stationary device, comprising:
an internal combustion engine;
an exhaust system comprising an exhaust flow port configured and disposed to receive exhaust flow from the engine, and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) apparatus disposed in downstream flow communication with the exhaust flow port; and
a dosing control system comprising:
a reductant tank operable to contain a reductant solution comprising urea;
an injector disposed in operable communication between the reductant tank and the SCR apparatus, the injector being operable to inject the reductant solution from the reductant tank into a flow of exhaust upstream of the SCR apparatus;
a urea quality sensor (UQS) configured and disposed to sense a concentration of urea in the reductant solution;
a control module disposed in signal communication with the UQS and in operable communication with the injector, the control module comprising a processing circuit responsive to executable instructions to adjust a dosing of the reductant solution injected by the injector based on a concentration of urea in the reductant solution; and
wherein the processing circuit is further responsive to executable instructions which when executed by the processing circuit facilitates an upward adjustment of the dosing of the reductant solution in response to a downward change in the concentration of urea in the reductant solution.