1. A rough machining method for machining a channel in a workpiece, comprising:
energizing one of a workpiece and an electrode as an anode and the other as a cathode;
advancing the electrode into the workpiece from a first start point to travel a first toolpath, so as to generate a first annular groove with a first core connecting with the workpiece;
advancing the electrode into the workpiece from a second start point to travel a second toolpath, so as to generate a second annular groove with a second core connecting with the workpiece, wherein the second annular groove intersects with the first annular groove, and the first and the second cores are at least partially broken and disconnected with the workpiece upon intersecting of the first and the second annular grooves; and
circulating a cutting fluid cross a working gap between a working face of the electrode and the workpiece.
2. The rough machining method according to claim 1, wherein the first and the second cores are broken and disconnected from the workpiece by additional toolpathes started from a start point different from the first and second start points.
3. The rough machining method according to claim 1, wherein the first and the second cores are broken and disconnected with the workpiece upon intersecting of the first and the second annular grooves.
4. The rough machining method according to claim 1, wherein each step of advancing the electrode into the workpiece is a trepanning operation, and each of the toolpaths is a straight path.
5. The rough machining method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the steps of advancing the electrode into the workpiece is along a spiral toolpath and generates a conic annular groove with a conic core in the conic annular groove.
6. The rough machining method according to claim 5, wherein both steps of advancing the electrode into the workpiece are along spiral toolpathes and generate conic annular grooves with conic cores respectively therein, the annular grooves intersecting with each other and the conic cores being completely disconnected from the workpiece.
7. The rough machining method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode spins during the machining operation.
8. The rough machining method according to claim 1 further comprising a step of providing a multi-axis controlled NC machine for supporting the electrode.
9. The rough machining method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is profiled as having a peripheral wall and a hollow portion surrounded by the peripheral wall, the cutting fluid flowing into the hollow portion and cross the working gap.
10. The rough machining method according to claim 9, wherein the electrode is provided with slots in the peripheral wall for cutting fluid flow.
11. The rough machining method according to claim 10, wherein the slots are defined in an inner surface of the peripheral wall.
12. The rough machining method according to claim 10, wherein the slots are defined in an outer surface of the peripheral wall.
13. The rough machining method according to claim 10, wherein the slots are defined in the peripheral wall without being exposed to either an inner surface or an outer surface of the peripheral wall.
14. The rough machining method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second start points of the toolpathes are respectively in a front face and a circumferential face of the workpiece.
15. An electroerosion tool for machining a workpiece comprising:
an electrode comprising a peripheral wall and a hollow portion surrounded by the peripheral wall, the peripheral wall including a working face for electroerosion of the workpiece, at least one slot being defined in the peripheral wall and being exposed to the working face; and
a cutting fluid supply providing a cutting fluid to the electrode during machining operation, the cutting fluid flowing across the a working gap between the working face of the electrode and the workpiece and through the at least one slot in the peripheral wall.
16. The electroerosion tool according to claim 15, wherein the electrode has an annular cross-sectional view.
17. The electroerosion tool according to claim 15, wherein the at least one slot is defined in an inner surface of the peripheral wall.
18. The electroerosion tool according to claim 15, wherein the at least one slot is defined in an outer surface of the peripheral wall.
19. The electroerosion tool according to claim 15, wherein the at least one slot is defined in the peripheral wall without being exposed to either an inner surface or an outer surface of the peripheral wall.
20. The electroerosion tool according to claim 15, wherein the peripheral wall has a small thickness to be used with trepanning operation.
21. An electroerosion machining method for machining a workpiece comprising:
providing an electrode, the electrode including an outer peripheral wall and a hollow portion surrounded by the peripheral wall, the peripheral wall including a working face for electroerosion of the workpiece, at least one slot being defined in the peripheral wall and being exposed to the working face;
energizing one of the workpiece and the electrode as an anode and the other as a cathode;
advancing the electrode into the workpiece to travel a toolpath, so as to generate an annular groove with a core in the annular groove; and
circulating a cutting fluid cross a working gap between the working face of the electrode and the workpiece, the cutting fluid flowing through the at least one slot in the peripheral wall of the electrode.
22. The electroerosion method according to claim 21, wherein advancing the electrode into the workpiece is a trepanning method.
23. The electroerosion method according to claim 21, wherein advancing the electrode into the workpiece is along a spiral toolpath and generates a conic annular groove with a conic core in the conic annular groove.
24. The electroerosion method according to claim 21, wherein the electrode rotates thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of controlling a watercraft, the watercraft having a hull, a deck disposed on the hull, a seat disposed on the deck, an engine compartment defined between the hull and the deck, an engine disposed in the engine compartment, an electronic control unit, a jet propulsion system connected to the hull and operatively connected to the engine, a throttle operator for controlling the engine, a reverse gate operator, and a reverse gate operatively connected to the hull, the reverse gate being movable between a first stowed position and a second position in which the reverse gate redirects a jet of water expelled from the jet propulsion system, the reverse gate being in operative connection with the reverse gate operator, the method comprising:
actuating the reverse gate operator;
sensing a speed of the watercraft;
sensing a position of the throttle operator;
controlling a thrust generated by the jet propulsion system based at least on the position of the throttle operator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is below a predetermined watercraft speed;
controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system at least in part independently of the position of the throttle operator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed; and
moving the reverse gate to the second position in response to the actuation of the reverse gate operator.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed, the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system is controlled independently of the position of the throttle operator.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system includes controlling a speed of rotation of the engine.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein, when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed:
controlling the speed of rotation of the engine includes controlling the speed of rotation of the engine to be at or below a reverse gate actuation speed in response to the actuation of the lever;
the reverse gate is moved to the second position once the speed of rotation of the engine is at or below the reverse gate actuation speed; and
once the reverse gate is moved to the second position, controlling the speed of rotation of the engine includes controlling the speed of rotation of the engine in order to decelerate the watercraft.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein controlling a speed of rotation of the engine in order to decelerate the watercraft includes increasing the speed of rotation of the engine above the reverse gate actuation speed.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein controlling the speed of rotation of the engine comprises adjusting a position of a throttle valve of the engine.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein controlling the speed of rotation of the engine comprises adjusting at least one of an ignition timing and an injection timing of the engine.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing an actuated position of the reverse gate operator; and
wherein, when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is below the predetermined watercraft speed, moving the reverse gate to the second position includes adjusting the second position of the reverse gate based at least on the actuated position of the reverse gate operator.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein, when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed, moving the reverse gate to the second position includes adjusting the second position of the reverse gate independently of an actuated position of the reverse gate operator.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting a position of a throttle valve of the engine based on the position of the throttle operator when the reverse gate operator is not actuated.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing an actuated position of the reverse gate operator; and
wherein controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system at least in part independently of the position of the throttle operator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed includes controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system based at least on the speed of the watercraft and the position of the reverse gate operator.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed, the second position of the reverse gate is a predetermined position independent of the position of the reverse gate operator.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing an actuated position of the reverse gate operator; and
wherein controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system at least in part independently of the position of the throttle operator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed includes adjusting the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system based on changes in the position of the reverse gate operator.
14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
returning the reverse gate operator to a non-actuated position; and
moving the reverse gate to a neutral position in response to the reverse gate operator returning to the non-actuated position.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system at least in part independently of the position of the throttle operator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed includes:
controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system at least in part independently of the position of the throttle operator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed until the speed of the watercraft is less than or equal to an other predetermined watercraft speed, the other predetermined watercraft speed being less than the predetermined watercraft speed;
the method further comprising moving the reverse gate to a neutral position when the speed of the watercraft is less than or equal to the other predetermined watercraft speed.
16. A watercraft comprising:
a hull;
a deck disposed on the hull;
an engine compartment defined between the hull and the deck;
an engine disposed in the engine compartment;
a throttle body having a throttle valve and being in fluid communication with the engine;
a jet propulsion system connected to the hull and operatively connected to the engine;
an electronic control unit (ECU) associated with the watercraft for controlling at least an operation of the engine;
a throttle operator being movable between an idle position and an actuated position;
a throttle operator position sensor associated with the throttle operator for sensing a position of the throttle operator, the throttle operator position sensor being in electronic communication with the ECU;
a throttle valve actuator operatively connected to the throttle valve and in electronic communication with the ECU;
an engine speed sensor for sensing a speed of rotation of the engine and being in electronic communication with the ECU;
a watercraft speed sensor for sensing a speed of the watercraft and being in electronic communication with the ECU;
a reverse gate operatively connected to the hull, the reverse gate being movable between a first stowed position and a second position in which the reverse gate redirects a jet of water expelled from the jet propulsion system;
a reverse gate actuator operatively connected to the reverse gate for moving the reverse gate between the first stowed position and the second position, and being in electronic communication with the ECU; and
a reverse gate operator associated with the watercraft and being in electronic communication with the ECU for controlling the reverse gate actuator,
the ECU causing the reverse gate actuator to move the reverse gate to the second position when the reverse gate operator is actuated,
the ECU sending a first signal to the throttle valve actuator to control the throttle valve actuator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is below a predetermined watercraft speed, the first signal being based at least on the position of the throttle operator, and
the ECU sending a second signal to the throttle valve actuator to control the throttle valve actuator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed, the second signal being independent at least in part of the position of the throttle operator.
17. The watercraft of claim 16, wherein the second signal is independent of the position of the throttle operator.
18. The watercraft of claim 16, wherein the second signal controls the throttle valve actuator such that the speed of rotation of the engine is controlled to be at or below a reverse gate actuation speed;
wherein when the second signal is sent to the throttle valve actuator, the ECU causes the reverse gate actuator to move the reverse gate to the second position once the speed of rotation of the engine is at or below the reverse gate actuation speed; and
wherein, once the reverse gate is moved to the second position, the second signal controls the throttle valve actuator such that the watercraft decelerates in a controlled deceleration.
19. The watercraft of claim 18, wherein, once the reverse gate is moved to the second position, the second signal controls the throttle valve actuator such that the speed of rotation of the engine is increased above the reverse gate actuation speed.
20. The watercraft of claim 16, further comprising a reverse gate operator position sensor associated with the reverse gate operator for sensing a position of the reverse gate operator, the reverse gate operator position sensor being in electronic communication with the ECU; and
wherein when the first signal is sent to the throttle valve actuator, the ECU causes the reverse gate actuator to move the reverse gate to the second position based at least on the position of the reverse gate operator.
21. The watercraft of claim 20, wherein when the second signal is sent to the throttle valve actuator, the ECU causes the reverse gate actuator to move the reverse gate to the second position independently of the position of the reverse gate operator.
22. The watercraft of claim 16, wherein the ECU sends a third signal to the throttle valve actuator to control the throttle valve actuator when the reverse gate operator is not actuated, the third signal being based at least on the position of the throttle operator.
23. The watercraft of claim 16, further comprising a reverse gate operator position sensor associated with the reverse gate operator for sensing a position of the reverse gate operator, the reverse gate operator position sensor being in electronic communication with the ECU; and
wherein the second signal is based at least on the speed of the watercraft and the position of the reverse gate operator.
24. The watercraft of claim 16, further comprising a handlebar operatively connected to the deck;
wherein the throttle operator is disposed on the handlebar; and
wherein the throttle operator is selected from a group consisting of a thumb-actuated throttle lever, a finger-actuated throttle lever, and a twist grip.
25. The watercraft of claim 16, wherein the reverse gate actuator is an electric actuator.
26. The watercraft of claim 16, wherein, when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed, the second position of the reverse gate is a predetermined position independent of the position of the reverse gate operator.
27. The watercraft of claim 16, further comprising a reverse gate operator position sensor associated with the reverse gate operator for sensing a position of the reverse gate operator, the reverse gate operator position sensor being in electronic communication with the ECU; and
wherein the second signal is based on changes in the position of the reverse gate operator.
28. The watercraft of claim 16, wherein the ECU causes the reverse gate actuator to move the reverse gate to a neutral position when the reverse gate actuator is returned to a non-actuated position from an actuated position.
29. The watercraft of claim 16, wherein the ECU stops sending the second signal when the speed of the watercraft becomes less than or equal to an other predetermined watercraft speed, the other predetermined watercraft speed being less than the predetermined watercraft speed;
wherein the ECU causes the reverse gate actuator to move the reverse gate to a neutral position when the ECU stops sending the second signal.
30. A method of controlling a watercraft, the watercraft having a hull, a deck disposed on the hull, a seat disposed on the deck, an engine compartment defined between the hull and the deck, an engine disposed in the engine compartment, an electronic control unit, a jet propulsion system connected to the hull and operatively connected to the engine, a throttle operator for controlling the engine, a reverse gate operator, and a reverse gate operatively connected to the hull, the reverse gate being movable between a first stowed position and a second position in which the reverse gate redirects a jet of water expelled from the jet propulsion system, the reverse gate being in operative connection with the reverse gate operator, the method comprising:
actuating the reverse gate operator;
sensing a speed of the watercraft;
sensing a position of the throttle operator;
moving the reverse gate to the second position in response to the actuation of the reverse gate operator;
controlling a thrust generated by the jet propulsion system to be less than or equal to a first predetermined maximum thrust when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is below a predetermined watercraft speed; and
controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system to be less than or equal to a second predetermined maximum thrust when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed, the second predetermined maximum thrust being less than the first predetermined maximum thrust.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the second predetermined maximum thrust increases as the speed of the watercraft decreases.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system includes controlling a speed of rotation of the engine.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein, when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed:
controlling the speed of rotation of the engine includes controlling the speed of rotation of the engine to be at or below a reverse gate actuation speed in response to the actuation of the lever;
the reverse gate is moved to the second position once the speed of rotation of the engine is at or below the reverse gate actuation speed; and
once the reverse gate is moved to the second position, controlling the speed of rotation of the engine includes controlling the speed of rotation of the engine in order to decelerate the watercraft.
34. A watercraft comprising:
a hull;
a deck disposed on the hull;
an engine compartment defined between the hull and the deck;
an engine disposed in the engine compartment;
a throttle body having a throttle valve and being in fluid communication with the engine;
a jet propulsion system connected to the hull and operatively connected to the engine;
an electronic control unit (ECU) associated with the watercraft for controlling at least an operation of the engine;
a throttle operator being movable between an idle position and an actuated position;
a throttle operator position sensor associated with the throttle operator for sensing a position of the throttle operator, the throttle operator position sensor being in electronic communication with the ECU;
a throttle valve actuator operatively connected to the throttle valve and in electronic communication with the ECU;
an engine speed sensor for sensing a speed of rotation of the engine and being in electronic communication with the ECU;
a watercraft speed sensor for sensing a speed of the watercraft and being in electronic communication with the ECU;
a reverse gate operatively connected to the hull, the reverse gate being movable between a first stowed position and a second position in which the reverse gate redirects a jet of water expelled from the jet propulsion system;
a reverse gate actuator operatively connected to the reverse gate for moving the reverse gate between the first stowed position and the second position, and being in electronic communication with the ECU; and
a reverse gate operator associated with the watercraft and being in electronic communication with the ECU for controlling the reverse gate actuator,
the ECU causing the reverse gate actuator to move the reverse gate to the second position when the reverse gate operator is actuated,
the ECU sending a first signal to the throttle valve actuator to control the throttle valve actuator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is below a predetermined watercraft speed, a thrust generated by the jet propulsion system as a result of the first signal being sent to the throttle valve actuator being less than or equal to a first predetermined maximum thrust,
the ECU sending a second signal to the throttle valve actuator to control the throttle valve actuator when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed, the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system as a result of the second signal being sent to the throttle valve actuator being less than or equal to a second predetermined maximum thrust, and
the second predetermined maximum thrust being less than the first predetermined maximum thrust.
35. The watercraft of claim 34, wherein the second predetermined maximum thrust increases as the speed of the watercraft decreases.
36. The watercraft of claim 34, wherein the second signal controls the throttle valve actuator such that the speed of rotation of the engine is controlled to be at or below a reverse gate actuation speed;
wherein when the second signal is sent to the throttle valve actuator, the ECU causes the reverse gate actuator to move the reverse gate to the second position once the speed of rotation of the engine is at or below the reverse gate actuation speed; and
wherein, once the reverse gate is moved to the second position, the second signal controls the throttle valve actuator such that the watercraft decelerates in a controlled deceleration.
37. A method of controlling a watercraft, the watercraft having a hull, a deck disposed on the hull, a seat disposed on the deck, an engine compartment defined between the hull and the deck, an engine disposed in the engine compartment, an electronic control unit, a jet propulsion system connected to the hull and operatively connected to the engine, a throttle operator for controlling the engine, a reverse gate operator, and a reverse gate operatively connected to the hull, the reverse gate being movable between a first stowed position, a second position in which the reverse gate redirects a jet of water expelled from the jet propulsion system, and a neutral position intermediate the first stowed position and the second position, the reverse gate being in operative connection with the reverse gate operator, the method comprising:
a) actuating the reverse gate operator;
b) sensing a speed of the watercraft;
c) controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system in a reverse mode when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is below a predetermined watercraft speed;
d) controlling the thrust generated by the jet propulsion system in a controlled deceleration mode when the reverse gate operator is actuated and the speed of the watercraft is above the predetermined watercraft speed;
e) moving the reverse gate to the second position in response to the actuation of the reverse gate operator;
f) returning the reverse gate operator to a non-actuated position after the actuation of the reverse gate operator; and
g) moving the reverse gate to the neutral position in response to the reverse gate operator returning to the non-actuated position.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein steps c, d, and e are only carried out if the reverse gate operator has been actuated for a predetermined amount of time.