1. A communication terminal used in a mobile communication system complying with a carrier sense multiple access scheme and including a plurality of communication terminals that transmit wireless packets according to the same periodicity based on a respective different timing, the communication terminal comprising:
a receiving unit configured to receive a wireless packet transmitted by another communication terminal or a base station;
a determination unit configured to extract a destination address of the wireless packet that is sent from the base station to the another communication terminal, and compare a numerical value of the destination address of the another communication terminal with a numerical value of an address of the communication terminal so as to determine a transmission timing of the communication terminal based on an order of sizes of the numerical value of the destination address of the another communication terminal and the numerical value of the address of the communication terminal determined as the result of the comparison;
a transmission unit configured to periodically transmit wireless packets to the base station based on the transmission timing; and
a re-synchronization request transmission unit configured to transmit a re-synchronization signal to communication terminals when a packet error rate exceeds a predetermined value, wherein each communication terminal that receives the re-synchronization signal compares a numerical value of a destination address of a packet transmitted by another communication terminal with a numerical value of an address of the communication terminal that receives the re-synchronization signal so as to determine a transmission timing of the communication terminal that receives the re-synchronization signal based on an order of sizes of the numerical values as the result of the comparison, and
wherein the determination unit re-determines the transmission timing when receiving a re-synchronization signal from another communication terminal.
2. The communication terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the numerical value of the destination address of the another communication terminal and the numerical value of the address of the communication terminal are each a MAC address value.
3. The communication terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determination unit is configured to determine the transmission timing of the communication terminal to be before or after the another communication terminal based on the size of the numerical value of the destination address of the another communication terminal compared to the size of the numerical value of the address of the communication terminal.
4. The communication terminal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the another communication terminal participates in communication with a third communication terminal and has a transmission timing previously established with the third communication terminal, and the receiving unit receives the wireless packet transmitted by the another communication terminal or the base station and the determination unit determines the transmission timing of the communication terminal prior to the communication terminal participating in communication and establishing transmission timing with the another communication terminal and the third communication terminal.
5. A communication method used on a communication terminal in a mobile communication system complying with a carrier sense multiple access scheme and including a plurality of communication terminals that transmit wireless packets according to the same periodicity based on a respective different timing, the method comprising:
receiving, at the communication terminal, a wireless packet transmitted by another communication terminal or a base station;
extracting, at the communication terminal, a destination address of the wireless packet that is sent from the base station to the another communication terminal, and comparing a numerical value of the destination address of the another communication terminal with a numerical value of an address of the communication terminal so as to determine a transmission timing of the communication terminal based on an order of sizes of the numerical value of the destination address of the another communication terminal and the numerical value of the address of the communication terminal determined as the result of the comparison;
periodically transmitting, at the communication terminal, wireless packets to the base station based on the transmission timing;
transmitting, at the communication terminal, a re-synchronization signal to communication terminals when a packet error rate exceeds a predetermined value, wherein each communication terminal that receives the re-synchronization signal compares a numerical value of a destination address of a packet transmitted by another communication terminal with a numerical value of an address of the communication terminal that receives the re-synchronization signal so as to determine a transmission timing of the communication terminal that receives the re-synchronization signal based on an order of sizes of the numerical values as the result of the comparison; and
re-determining, at the communication terminal, the transmission timing when receiving a re-synchronization signal from another communication terminal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A compound having the formula:
2. A complex comprising a metal ion and the compound according to claim 1.
3. The complex according to claim 2, wherein the metal ion is lead, cadmium, nickel, lanthanum or mercury.
4. A composition of matter comprising a sample and the compound according to claim 1.
5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the sample comprises living cells, cellular components, proteins, peptides, buffer solutions, intracellular fluids, extracellular fluids, fixed cells, biological fermentation media, environmental sample, industrial samples or chemical reactors, eukaryotic cells, or prokaryotic cells.
6. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the sample comprises blood cells, immune cells, cultured cells, muscle tissue, neurons, extracellular vesicles; vascular tissue, blood fluids, saliva, urine; water, soil, waste water, sea water; pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs or beverages.
7. A method for detecting the presence or absence of a metal ion is a sample, wherein the method comprises:
a. combining the compound according to claim 1 with the sample to prepare a labeling mixture,
b. incubating the labeling mixture for a sufficient amount of time for the compound to associate with the metal ion in the sample to form an incubated mixture;
c. illuminating the incubated sample with an appropriate wavelength to form an illuminated mixture; and,
d. observing the illuminated mixture whereby the presence or absence of the metal ion in a sample is detected.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the metal ion is lead, cadmium, nickel, lanthanum or mercury.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the sample comprises living cells, cellular components, proteins, peptides, buffer solutions, intracellular fluids, extracellular fluids, fixed cells, biological fermentation media, environmental sample, industrial samples or chemical reactors, eukaryotic cells, or prokaryotic cells.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the sample comprises blood cells, immune cells, cultured cells, muscle tissue, neurons, extracellular vesicles; vascular tissue, blood fluids, saliva, urine; water, soil, waste water, sea water; pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs or beverages.