1. A battery module, comprising:
a housing having a non-conductive oil disposed therein;
a battery cell disposed in the housing; and
a cooling manifold disposed in the housing that contacts the non-conductive oil, the cooling manifold configured to receive a fluid therethrough and to conduct heat energy from the non-conductive oil into the fluid to cool the battery cell.
2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the non-conductive oil comprises mineral oil.
3. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises a coolant.
4. The battery module of claim 3, wherein the coolant comprises at least one of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
5. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises a refrigerant.
6. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the cooling manifold defines an interior region and has an inlet port and an outlet port.
7. The battery module of claim 6, wherein the cooling manifold is constructed from at least one of aluminum, copper, silver, and gold.
8. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the housing is constructed from plastic.
9. A battery system, comprising:
a battery module having a housing, a battery cell, and a cooling manifold, the housing having a non-conductive oil disposed therein that contacts the cooling manifold, the battery cell and the cooling manifold being disposed in the housing, the cooling manifold configured to receive a refrigerant therethrough and to conduct heat energy from the non-conductive oil into the refrigerant to cool the battery module;
a condenser fluidly coupled to the battery module, the condenser configured to receive the refrigerant from the battery module and to extract heat energy from the refrigerant; and
a compressor fluidly coupled to the condenser and configured to receive the refrigerant from the condenser, the compressor further fluidly coupled to the battery module, the compressor configured to pump the refrigerant from the condenser into the battery module.
10. The battery system of claim 9, further comprising:
a temperature sensor configured to generate a first signal indicative of a temperature of the non-conductive oil; and
a microprocessor operably coupled to the temperature sensor, the microprocessor configured to generate a second signal to induce the compressor to pump the refrigerant into the cooling manifold when the first signal indicates the temperature of the non-conductive oil is greater than a threshold temperature level.
11. The battery system of claim 9, wherein the non-conductive oil comprises mineral oil.
12. The battery system of claim 9, wherein the cooling manifold defines an interior region and has an inlet port and an outlet port.
13. The battery system of claim 12, wherein the cooling manifold is constructed from at least one of aluminum, copper, silver, and gold.
14. The battery system of claim 9, wherein the housing of the battery module is constructed from plastic.
15. A battery system, comprising:
a battery module having a housing, a battery cell, and a cooling manifold, the housing having a non-conductive oil disposed therein that contacts the cooling manifold, the battery cell and the cooling manifold being disposed in the housing, the cooling manifold configured to receive a coolant therethrough and to conduct heat energy from the non-conductive oil into the coolant to cool the battery module;
a heat exchanger fluidly coupled to the battery module, the heat exchanger configured to receive the coolant from the battery module therein and to extract heat energy from the coolant flowing therethrough;
a cold plate fluidly coupled to the heat exchanger, the cold plate configured to extract heat energy from the coolant flowing therethrough;
a reservoir fluidly coupled between the cold plate and a pump, the reservoir configured to receive the coolant from the cold plate and to route the coolant to the pump; and
the pump further fluidly coupled to the battery module, the pump configured to pump the coolant from the reservoir into the battery module.
16. A method for cooling a battery module, the battery module having a housing, a battery cell, and a cooling manifold, the method comprising:
conducting heat energy from the battery cell into a non-conductive oil disposed in the housing; and
receiving fluid in the cooling manifold and conducting heat energy from the non-conductive oil into the fluid to cool the battery cell in the housing.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the fluid is a refrigerant.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
generating a first signal indicative of a temperature of the non-conductive oil utilizing a temperature sensor; and
generating a second signal to induce a compressor to pump the refrigerant through the cooling manifold when the first signal indicates the temperature of the non-conductive oil is greater than a threshold temperature level utilizing a microprocessor.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the fluid is a coolant.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
generating a first signal indicative of a temperature of the non-conductive oil utilizing a temperature sensor; and
generating a second signal to induce a pump to pump the coolant through the cooling manifold when the first signal indicates the temperature of the non-conductive oil is greater than a threshold temperature level utilizing a microprocessor.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A closure for a fluid container that dispenses product through a container opening by the application of hand pressure, comprising: an annular collar for attachment to the container about its opening; a plurality of stiff planar triangular leaflets attached by linear hinges to the collar; a plurality of flexible and foldable webs attached to and extending between adjacent pairs of leaflets; said leaflets extending adjacent one another in an essentially flat surface in the closed position of the closure with the webs folded like pleats beneath the adjacent leaflets; said leaflets upon product dispensing being pivotable upwardly at their hinges by fluid pressure to separate from one another in the open position of the closure, with said web members unfolding and extending between the separated leaflets to form with the leaflets the closure dispensing opening; said leaflets in the absence of product dispensing being pivotable downwardly to return to their closed closure position adjacent one another with said webs folded beneath the leaflets.
2. The closure of claim 1, wherein the collar, leaflets, webs and hinges comprise a one-piece integrally molded plastic closure.
3. The closure of claim 1, wherein said triangular leaflets each have two long sides that converge in a direction away from a third side of the triangle, that respectively lie adjacent the long sides of adjacent leaflets in the closed position of the closure, and that are separated from the long sides of the adjacent leaflets when the closure opens.
4. The closure of claim 3, wherein the webs are attached to the long sides of the triangular leaflet members, and the linear hinges are attached to the short sides of the triangular leaflet members.
5. The closure of claim 1, having a cap for extending over the closure when closed and attached to the collar by an integral hinge.
6. The closure of claim 5, said closure having a central axis and said leaflets each extending from its respective linear hinge radially inward toward said central axis, said cap having a central pin and a surrounding surface for holding said leaflets in a closed position upon closing the cap, said radially innermost portions of said leaflet members contacting and sealing against said pin when the cap is closed.
7. The closure of claim 5, wherein the integral hinge is a snap-action bow-tie hinge.
8. A method of forming a plastic closure for a fluid container, said closure having an annular collar, a plurality of leaflets, a plurality of flexible and foldable webs and a cap, comprising: molding said closure with said leaflet members attached by hinges to the collar and said webs attached to and extending between adjacent pairs of leaflets, further comprising initially molding said closure in the open position with said leaflets extending upwardly at an angle and separated from one another, with said webs unfolded and extending between the separated leaflets, and with said cap in an open position; thereafter pivoting said leaflets, while said hinges are warm, downwardly to a position where said leaflets extend adjacent one another in an essentially planar surface and said webs fold beneath the adjacent leaflets; closing said closure cap; and annealing said closed closure with its closed cap to break the as-molded open positional memory to establish a closed closure positional memory when product is not being dispensed through the closure by the user.
9. The method of claim 8, including molding the closure as an integral one-piece closure.