1. A method of inhibiting cadherin-11 activity in a subject, comprising:
administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the following formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1 and R2 are hydrogen;
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11 and R12 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted amido, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted carbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;
R10 is selected from halogen, hydroxy, substituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted amido, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted carbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and
X1 and X2 are each N,
wherein when one or more of R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 are substituted, the substituent is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, and heterocycloalkynyl.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has a cadherin-11 related disease.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the cadherin-11 related disease is cancer.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cancer is breast cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, glioblastoma, myeloma, leukemia, a poor prognosis or invasive cancer, a basal-like cancer, a mesenchymal-like cancer, or metastatic cancer.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the cadherin-11 related disease is rheumatoid arthritis.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises administering a second therapeutic agent to the subject.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent or an anti-inflammatory agent.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein X1 and X2 are N; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, and R12 are each H; and R10 is OH.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An illumination device comprising:
a light source including a substantially planar light-emitting surface,
an optical taper including a light receiving end and a second end, the light receiving end having a smaller surface area than the second end and the light receiving end matching an area of the substantially planar light-emitting surface; and
a light post taper;
wherein the light receiving end of the optical taper is disposed proximate to the substantially planar light-emitting surface to optically couple the optical taper and the substantially planar light-emitting surface, and the second end of the optical taper is proximate to the light post taper.
2. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the substantially planar light-emitting surface comprises an emitting surface of a light-emitting diode chip.
3. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the substantially planar light-emitting surface comprises a transparent substantially planar window disposed over an emitting surface of a light-emitting diode chip.
4. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the light receiving end is in direct contact with the substantially planar light-emitting surface of the light source.
5. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the second end is in direct contact with the substantially planar light-emitting surface of the light source.
6. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein an adhesive or an index matching material is disposed between the optical taper and the substantially planar light-emitting surface.
7. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein a gas is disposed between the optical taper and the substantially planar light-emitting surface.
8. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the optical taper comprises a glass optical taper.
9. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the optical taper comprises a plastic optical taper.
10. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the light receiving end of the optical taper is proximate to the substantially planar light-emitting surface of the light source and the second end of the optical taper is proximate to a light guide.
11. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein a light receiving end of the light post taper is proximate to the optical taper and a light transmitting end of the light post taper is attached to a light guide.
12. The illumination device of claim 1 disposed within an endoscope.
13. The illumination device of claim 1 disposed within a lamp.
14. The illumination device of claim 1, further comprising a substance that emits light when the light source is activated, the substance being positioned between the substantially planar light-emitting surface and the optical taper.