What is claimed is:
1. A heat exchange cell comprising:
a matrix portion;
a header portion in fluid communication with the matrix portion;
a matrix finned member within the matrix portion of the cell; and
a header finned member within the header portion of the cell and having a plurality of fins in a first portion and a second portion, the first and second portions sharing a common boundary, the second portion having more fins at the boundary than the first portion.
2. The cell of claim 1, wherein the first portion has about 50-70% the number of fins of the second portion at the boundary.
3. The cell of claim 1, wherein the second portion has at least twice the number of fins as the first portion at the boundary.
4. The cell of claim 1, wherein the second portion includes an arcuate free edge at least partially defining an acutely-angled portion of the cell.
5. The cell of claim 4, wherein the cell includes a manifold having at least one arcuate edge at least partially defined by the arcuate free edge.
6. The cell of claim 1, wherein the cell includes a manifold having at least one arcuate edge, and wherein an end of the second portion of the header finned member extends along the arcuate edge.
7. The cell of claim 1, wherein the cell is adapted to exchange heat from a hot fluid outside of the cell to a cool fluid within the cell, wherein the header portion of the cell conducts a flow of the cool fluid into the matrix portion, and wherein the majority of heat transfer between the hot fluid and cool fluid occurs within the matrix portion.
8. The cell of claim 1, wherein the cell wall further comprises an upper plate and a lower plate, and wherein the fins of the first and second portions are metallurgically bonded to the upper and lower plates.
9. A heat exchanger cell comprising:
top and bottom plates each including a manifold opening, the top and bottom plates being positioned relative to one another to align their respective manifold openings in stacked relation with each other;
a matrix finned member disposed between the top and bottom plates and at least partially defining matrix channels for the flow of fluid between the top and bottom plates in a first direction; and
a header finned member in fluid communication between the manifold opening and the matrix finned member to deliver the flow of fluid therebetween, the header finned member including a plurality of fins disposed within a first portion and a second portion, the first and second portions sharing a boundary, the first portion having a first quantity of fins along the boundary and the second portion having a second quantity of fins along the boundary, the first quantity being different than the second quantity.
10. The cell of claim 9, wherein the first portion has about 50-70% the number of fins of the second portion along the boundary.
11. The cell of claim 9, wherein the second portion has at least twice the number of fins as the first portion along the boundary.
12. The cell of claim 9, wherein the second portion includes an arcuate free edge at least partially defining an acutely-angled portion of the cell.
13. The cell of claim 12, wherein the cell includes a manifold having at least one arcuate edge at least partially defined by the arcuate free edge.
14. The cell of claim 9, wherein the fins of the first and second portions are metallurgically bonded to the upper and lower plates.
15. A heat exchange cell comprising:
first and second plates, each plate having an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, the upper and lower plates positioned such that the inlet apertures are aligned to at least partially define an inlet manifold and the outlet apertures are aligned with one another to at least partially define an outlet manifold;
a first header finned member metallurgically bounded to the first and second plates and having a first portion and a second portion sharing a boundary, the first portion disposed adjacent the inlet aperture and having a first quantity of fins at the boundary, the second portion having a second quantity of fins at the boundary, the second fin quantity being less than the first quantity; and
a second header finned member metallurgically bounded to the first and second plates and having a first portion and a second portion sharing a boundary, the first portion disposed adjacent the outlet aperture and having a first quantity of fins at the boundary, the second portion having a second quantity of fins at the boundary, the second fin quantity being less than the first quantity;
16. The cell of claim 15, wherein the first portion of the first and second header finned members have about 50-70% the number of fins of the second portions of the first and second header finned members along their respective boundaries.
17. The cell of claim 15, wherein the second portions of the first and second header finned members have at least twice the number of fins as the first portion of the first and second header finned members along their respective boundaries.
18. The cell of claim 15, wherein the second portion of the first and second header finned members each include an arcuate free edge at least partially defining an acutely-angled portion of the cell.
19. The cell of claim 18, wherein each of the manifolds includes at least arcuate edge at least partially defined by the arcuate free edges.
20. A method for accommodating a pressure load within a heat exchange cell including upper and lower plates defining a manifold and having an arcuate edge, and including fins mounted to both the upper and lower plates, the fin spacing along the arcuate edge being a function of the shape of the arcuate edge and increasing as the fins approach a tangential relationship to the arcuate edge, the method comprising the steps of:
introducing a pressurized fluid into the cell;
biasing the plates away from each other under the influence of the pressurized fluid and thereby applying a tension force in the fins;
increasing the number of fins where the fins approach a tangential relationship to the arcuate edge; and
reducing the number of fins away from the arcuate edge to reduce pressure losses in the fluid.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the fins include a first finned portion spaced from the arcuate edge, and a second finned portion extending along the arcuate edge and communicating between the manifold and the first finned portion, wherein the increasing step includes increasing the number of fins in the second finned portion, and wherein the reducing step includes reducing the number of fins in the first finned portion.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising aligning the fins of the respective first and second finned portions parallel to each other.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A solid state image pickup device comprising:
a semiconductor layer having a pixel region and a peripheral circuit region, the pixel region including a photo-electric conversion device;
a wiring layer over a first surface side of the semiconductor layer, the first surface being opposite to a light-receiving surface side;
a back side layer of a first conductivity type formed at least in a surface layer of the light-receiving surface side in the pixel region of the semiconductor layer;
a photo-electric conversion region of a second conductivity type formed in the semiconductor layer;
a first well of the first conductivity type in said peripheral circuit region, said first well extending into said semiconductor layer from said first surface side; and
a second well of the second conductivity type adjacent to the first well in the peripheral circuit region.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first well and the second well do not reach the back side layer in the peripheral circuit region.
3. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third well of the first conductivity type between the photo-electric conversion region and the peripheral circuit region.
4. The device of claim 3, wherein the third well extends from the light-receiving surface side to the back side layer.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the photo-electric conversion device includes the photo-electric conversion region and a charge accumulating region.
6. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a substrate on a surface side of the wiring layer opposite to the semiconductor layer side.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein a second layer of the first conductivity type is formed on a surface layer of the first surface side in the semiconductor layer.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the photo-electric conversion region extends from the first surface side to the back side layer.
9. The device of claim 7, wherein the wiring layer includes a gate electrode which transfers signal charge from the photo-electric conversion device, and the semiconductor substrate includes an isolation layer below the gate electrode and adjacent to the second layer.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein a surface area in the light-receiving surface side of the photo-electric conversion region is larger than a surface area in the first surface side of the photo-electric conversion region.
11. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a light-shielding film over the light-receiving surface side of the semiconductor layer to cover the pixel region and the peripheral circuit region, the light-shielding film having an opening over the photo-electric conversion region.
12. The device of claim 10, wherein incident light is transmissible through said opening and onto said the light-receiving surface side.
13. The device of claim 11, further comprising:
a insulating film between the semiconductor layer and the light-shielding film.
14. The device of claim 1, wherein said first conductivity type is P-type.
15. The device of claim 1, wherein said second conductivity type is N-type.