1. A power module package, comprising:
a first substrate having first semiconductor chips mounted thereon; and
a second substrate having second semiconductor chips mounted thereon, the second substrate being coupled with the first substrate such that a side surface in a thickness direction thereof is disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate.
2. The power module package as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a coupling unit electrically connected to the first semiconductor chips and formed on the first substrate, the coupling unit having at least one coupling groove for coupling with the second substrate.
3. The power module package as set forth in claim 2, wherein a coupling pin corresponding to the coupling groove is formed on one end in a length direction of the second substrate.
4. The power module package as set forth in claim 2, wherein first catching protrusions facing each other are formed on an upper portion of an inside of the coupling unit.
5. The power module package as set forth in claim 4, wherein first catching grooves corresponding to the first catching protrusions are formed in upper and lower portions of one end in a length direction of the second substrate.
6. The power module package as set forth in claim 2, further comprising a sealing resin having an insertion groove for exposing the coupling unit therethrough and wrapping the side surface and the upper surface of the first substrate.
7. The power module package as set forth in claim 6, wherein second catching protrusions facing each other are formed on an upper portion of an inside of the insertion groove.
8. The power module package as set forth in claim 7, wherein second catching grooves corresponding to the second catching protrusions are formed in upper and lower portions of one end in a length direction of the second substrate.
9. The power module package as set forth in claim 6, further comprising a lead frame having one end buried in the sealing resin and connected to the first substrate and the other end protruded out of the sealing resin.
10. The power module package as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip are a power device and a control device, respectively.
11. The power module package as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first substrate is a metal substrate having an anodized layer.
12. The power module package as set forth in claim 11, wherein the metal substrate is made of aluminum (Al).
13. The power module package as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB).
14. A system module, comprising:
a power module package including a first substrate having first semiconductor chips mounted thereon, a second substrate having second semiconductor chips mounted thereon, the second substrate being coupled with the first substrate such that a side surface in a thickness direction thereof is disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate, and a lead frame having one end connected to the first substrate and the other end protruded to the outside; and
a main board substrate coupled with the other end of the lead frame protruded to the outside to allow the power module package to be installed thereon, the main board substrate having a slot with a size corresponding to the second substrate having the second semiconductor chips.
15. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein a fixing member is installed on an inside of the slot, the fixing member fixing the second substrate by supporting upper and lower surfaces of the second substrate.
16. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein the main board substrate has a penetration hole through which the other end of the lead frame is insertedly penetrated.
17. The system module as set forth in claim 16, wherein the main board substrate is combined with the other end of the lead frame penetrating through the penetration hole by soldering.
18. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip are a power device and a control device, respectively.
19. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein the first substrate is a metal substrate having an anodized layer.
20. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein the second substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate under conditions and for a time effective to accumulate the metabolite to a concentration of at least about 3.3 gL.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate or diacetyl.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits added or increased NADH oxidase activity compared to a wild-type bacterial cell.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the metabolite comprises alanine.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein pyruvate is produced in an amount of at least about 30 gL.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the pyruvate yield is at least about 0.70.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the PDH activity in the bacterial cell is undetectable.
11. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing an E. coli cell exhibiting reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type E. coli cell; and
culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate or diacetyl.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the E. coli cell further exhibits added NADH oxidase activity.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the metabolite comprises alanine.
15. The method of claim 11 further comprising culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the E. coli cell.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
18. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) reduced activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase) compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
22. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) added or increased NADH oxidase activity; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
23. The method of claim 22 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
26. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
27. The method of claim 26 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
30. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell,
(b) reduced activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase) compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(c) reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
31. The method of claim 30 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
33. The method of claim 30 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
34. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell,
(b) reduced activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase) compared to a wild-type bacterial cell,
(c) reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(d) added or increased NADH oxidase activity; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
35. The method of claim 34 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
37. The method of claim 34 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
38. A method for making pyruvate comprising:
providing a bacterial cell wherein the gene encoding at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes is knocked out; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
39. The method of claim 38 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
40. The method of claim 39 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
41. The method of claim 38 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase.
42. The method of claim 38 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits reduced activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase).
43. The method of claim 38 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits increased or added activity of NADH oxidase.
44. The method of claim 38 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase and reduced activity of PEP carboxylase.
45. The method of claim 38 further wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase, reduced activity of PEP carboxylase, and increased or added activity of NADH oxidase.
46. The method of claim 38 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
47. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing an E. coli cell wherein the gene encoding at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes is knocked out; and
culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
48. The method of claim 47 further comprising culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of E. coli.
49. The method of claim 47 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
50. The method of claim 47 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
51. A method for making alanine comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) added or increased alanine dehydrogenase activity compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield alanine.
52. The method of claim 51 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
53. The method of claim 52 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
54. A method for making alanine comprising:
providing an E. coli cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) added or increased alanine dehydrogenase activity compared to a wild-type E. coli cell; and
culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of a glucose and acetate to yield alanine.
55. The method of claim 54 further comprising culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of E. coli.
56. The method of claim 55 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
57. A method for making diacetyl comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) added or increased acetolactate synthase activity; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield diacetyl.
58. The method of claim 57 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
59. The method of claim 58 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
60. The method of claim 57 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits added or increased NADH oxidase activity.
61. A method for making diacetyl comprising:
providing an E. coli cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type E. coli cell, and
(b) added or increased acetolactate synthase activity; and
culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield diacetyl.
62. The method of claim 61 further comprising culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of E. coli.
63. The method of claim 62 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
64. The method of claim 61 wherein the E. coli cell further exhibits added NADH oxidase activity.