1. A light-emitting element comprising:
a first electrode;
a first light-emitting layer formed over the first electrode;
a second light-emitting layer formed on and in contact with the first light-emitting layer; and
a second electrode formed over the second light-emitting layer,
wherein the first light-emitting layer includes a first light-emitting substance and a hole-transporting organic compound,
wherein the second light-emitting layer includes a second light-emitting substance and an electron-transporting organic compound,
wherein a difference in lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels between the first light-emitting substance, the second light-emitting substance, and the electron-transporting organic compound is less than or equal to 0.2 eV,
wherein a difference in highest occupied molecular orbital levels between the hole-transporting organic compound, the first light-emitting substance, and the second light-emitting substance is less than or equal to 0.2 eV, and
wherein a difference in lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels between the hole-transporting organic compound and the first light-emitting substance is greater than 0.3 eV.
2. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the first and second light-emitting layers emit light of the same color.
3. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein a maximum peak of an emission spectrum of light from the first and second light-emitting layers is located in a wavelength of greater than or equal to 430 nm and less than or equal to 470 nm.
4. A light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 1.
5. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting device according to claim 4.
6. A light-emitting element comprising:
a first electrode;
a first light-emitting layer formed over the first electrode;
a second light-emitting layer formed on and in contact with the first light-emitting layer; and
a second electrode formed over the second light-emitting layer,
wherein the first light-emitting layer includes a first light-emitting substance and a hole-transporting organic compound,
wherein the second light-emitting layer includes a second light-emitting substance and an electron-transporting organic compound,
wherein a proportion of the first light-emitting substance in the first light-emitting layer is greater than or equal to 30 wt % and less than or equal to 70 wt %,
wherein a difference in lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels between the first light-emitting substance, the second light-emitting substance, and the electron-transporting organic compound is less than or equal to 0.2 eV,
wherein a difference in highest occupied molecular orbital levels between the hole-transporting organic compound, the first light-emitting substance, and the second light-emitting substance is less than or equal to 0.2 eV, and
wherein a difference in lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels between the hole-transporting organic compound and the first light-emitting substance is greater than 0.3 eV.
7. The light-emitting element according to claim 6, wherein the first and second light-emitting layers emit light of the same color.
8. The light-emitting element according to claim 6, wherein a maximum peak of an emission spectrum of light from the first and second light-emitting layers is located in a wavelength of greater than or equal to 430 nm and less than or equal to 470 nm.
9. A light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 6.
10. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting device according to claim 9.
11. A light-emitting element comprising:
a first electrode;
a first light-emitting layer formed over the first electrode;
a second light-emitting layer formed on and in contact with the first light-emitting layer; and
a second electrode formed over the second light-emitting layer,
wherein the first light-emitting layer includes a first light-emitting substance and a hole-transporting organic compound,
wherein the second light-emitting layer includes a second light-emitting substance and an electron-transporting organic compound,
wherein the hole-transporting organic compound is a compound including an arylamine skeleton,
wherein the electron-transporting organic compound is a compound including a tricyclic, tetracyclic, pentacyclic, or hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton, and
wherein each of the first and second light-emitting substances is a compound including a tricyclic, tetracyclic, pentacyclic, or hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton and an arylamine skeleton.
12. The light-emitting element according to claim 11, wherein a proportion of the first light-emitting substance in the first light-emitting layer is greater than or equal to 30 wt % and less than or equal to 70 wt %.
13. The light-emitting element according to claim 11, wherein the first and second light-emitting layers emit light of the same color.
14. The light-emitting element according to claim 11, wherein a maximum peak of an emission spectrum of light from the first and second light-emitting layers is located in a wavelength of greater than or equal to 430 nm and less than or equal to 470 nm.
15. A light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 11.
16. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting device according to claim 15.
17. A light-emitting element comprising:
a first electrode;
a first light-emitting layer formed over the first electrode;
a second light-emitting layer formed on and in contact with the first light-emitting layer; and
a second electrode formed over the second light-emitting layer,
wherein the first light-emitting layer includes a first light-emitting substance and a hole-transporting organic compound,
wherein the second light-emitting layer includes a second light-emitting substance and an electron-transporting organic compound,
wherein the hole-transporting organic compound is a compound represented by a general formula (1) below,
wherein the electron-transporting organic compound is a compound including a tricyclic, tetracyclic, pentacyclic, or hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton,
wherein each of the first and second light-emitting substances is a compound represented by a general formula (2) below,
wherein, in the general formula (1), A represents any one of a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, and each of R1 and R2 represents any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group including 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, and
wherein, in the general formula (2), B represents a tricyclic, tetracyclic, pentacyclic, or hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton and each of R3 and R4 represents any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group including 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.
18. The light-emitting element according to claim 17, wherein a proportion of the first light-emitting substance in the first light-emitting layer is greater than or equal to 30 wt % and less than or equal to 70 wt %.
19. The light-emitting element according to claim 17, wherein the first and second light-emitting layers emit light of the same color.
20. The light-emitting element according to claim 17, wherein a maximum peak of an emission spectrum of light from the first and second light-emitting layers is located in a wavelength of greater than or equal to 430 nm and less than or equal to 470 nm.
21. A light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 17.
22. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting device according to claim 21.
23. A light-emitting element comprising:
a first electrode;
a first light-emitting layer formed over the first electrode;
a second light-emitting layer formed on and in contact with the first light-emitting layer; and
a second electrode formed over the second light-emitting layer,
wherein the first light-emitting layer includes a first light-emitting substance and a hole-transporting organic compound,
wherein the second light-emitting layer includes a second light-emitting substance and an electron-transporting organic compound,
wherein the hole-transporting organic compound is a compound represented by a general formula (3) below,
wherein the electron-transporting organic compound is a compound including a tricyclic, tetracyclic, pentacyclic, or hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton,
wherein each of the first and second light-emitting substances is a compound represented by a general formula (4) below,
wherein, in the general formula (3), A represents any one of a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, R5 represents any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group including 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, and R6 represents any one of an alkyl group including 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, and
wherein, in the general formula (4), B represents a tricyclic, tetracyclic, pentacyclic, or hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton, R7 represents any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group including 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, and R8 represents any one of an alkyl group including 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group.
24. The light-emitting element according to claim 23, wherein a proportion of the first light-emitting substance in the first light-emitting layer is greater than or equal to 30 wt % and less than or equal to 70 wt %.
25. The light-emitting element according to claim 23, wherein the first and second light-emitting layers emit light of the same color.
26. The light-emitting element according to claim 23, wherein a maximum peak of an emission spectrum of light from the first and second light-emitting layers is located in a wavelength of greater than or equal to 430 nm and less than or equal to 470 nm.
27. A light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 23.
28. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting device according to claim 27.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An advanced batch control method for a batch process comprising the steps of:
a. completing at least one cycle of said batch process, wherein said batch process comprises the processing of a material;
b. collecting data on at least one process variable and at least one product property;
c. creating at least one model for the batch process based on said data, wherein said model comprises model inputs and model outputs;
d. creating at least one advanced batch controller which uses said at least one model and said model inputs and model outputs;
e. initiating said batch process;
f. using at least one of said models and one of said controllers at a first decision point to obtain a first control output;
g. controlling said batch process in accordance with said first control output.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
h. using at least one of said models and one of said controllers at a second decision point to obtain a second control output;
i. controlling said batch process in accordance with said second control output.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said first control output comprises a process condition set point.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein said controlling of step i) comprises adjusting at least one process variable.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said adjusting at least one process variable comprises reaching at least one process condition set point.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein said adjusting at least one process variable comprises reaching at least one product property set point.
7. The method of claim 2 wherein said second output is used to reach at least one product property.
8. The method of claim 2 wherein said first control output comprises a process condition set point, and wherein said second control output is used to reach at least one product property.
9. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
j. using at least one of said models and one of said controllers at a third decision point to obtain a third control output;
k. controlling said batch process in accordance with said third output.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said third control output comprises a process condition set point.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein said third control output comprises reaching at least one process condition set point.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein said third output is used to reach at least one product property.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein said third output comprises reaching at least one product property set point.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein said controlling of step k) comprises adjusting at least one process variable to reach a desired finish time.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein said first output comprises a process condition set point.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said process condition set point is temperature.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein said first output is used to reach at least one product property.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein said product property comprises a final product property.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein said product property comprises an intermediate product property.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein said product property comprises moisture content.
21. The method of claim 1 wherein said initiating of step e) comprises inserting sliced potatoes into a kettle.
22. The method of claim 1 wherein said controlling of step g) comprises controlling to reach a desired process variable trajectory.
23. The method of claim 1 wherein said first decision point takes place a specified time after said initiating step.
24. The method of claim 1 wherein said first decision point takes place upon reaching a specified process condition.
25. The method of claim 1 wherein said first output comprises a minimum temperature set point.
26. The method of claim 1 wherein said creating of step c) comprises creating a model wherein said model comprises:
disturbance variables
manipulated variables
controlled variables
predicted variables.
27. The method of claim 1 further comprising the following:
h. measuring a product property;
i. comparing said measured product property with a product property predicted by said model;
j. applying feedback corrective action to one of said at least one models.
28. The method of claim 1 wherein said creating of step d) comprises creating a controller comprising a control algorithm, wherein said control algorithm comprises constraints on said model inputs.
29. The method of claim 1 wherein set points are specified for said inputs.
30. An advanced batch control method for a batch kettle fryer comprising the steps of:
a. completing at least one cycle on said batch kettle fryer;
b. collecting data on at least one process variables and at least one final product property, wherein said data comprises a temperature-time profile and said final product property comprises moisture content;
c. creating at least one model for the batch process based on said data;
d. creating at least one advanced batch controller which uses said at least one model;
e. initiating said batch process;
f. using one of said models and said controller at a first decision point to obtain a first control output, wherein said first control output comprises a desired minimum temperature set point;
g. controlling said batch process in accordance with said first control output;
h. using one of said models and said controller at a second decision point to obtain a second control output;
i. controlling said batch process in accordance with said second control output, wherein said second control output is used to reach a desired final product moisture content.
31. The method of claim 30 further comprising the following:
j. using one of said models and said controller at a third decision point to obtain a third control output;
k. controlling said batch process in accordance with said third control output.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein said third output comprises a process condition set point.
33. The method of claim 31 wherein said third output is used to obtain at least one product property.
34. The method of claim 30 wherein said step c) comprises creating a model comprising manipulated variables, disturbance variables, controlled variables, and predicted variables.
35. The method of claim 30 further comprising the following:
j. measuring a product property;
k. comparing said measured product property with a product property predicted by one of said at least one models;
l. applying feedback corrective action to one of said at least one models.
36. The method of claim 30 wherein said initiating comprises introducing about 100 to about 220 pounds per batch into said kettle.
37. The method of claim 30 wherein controlling of step g) comprises reaching a batch weight set point.
38. The method of claim 30 wherein said controlling of step g) comprises controlling to reach said minimum temperature.