1. A photovoltaic module, comprising:
a first solar cell in an electrical series connection with a second solar cell, the first and second solar cells each having a first edge portion, a center portion, and a second edge portion; and
a flexible diode assembly comprising an anode side, a first diode, and a cathode side, wherein the flexible diode assembly is in an electrical connection with the first solar cell and positioned so that the cathode side, the diode, and a portion of the anode side are within an edge portion of the first solar cell, wherein the portion of the anode side that is outside of the edge portion of the first solar cell is disposed for electrical connection with the second solar cell.
2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the electrical series connection between the first solar cell and the second solar cell is made with a top surface to bottom surface interconnection.
3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the flexible diode assembly comprises a second diode positioned on an opposite surface of the flexible diode assembly from the first diode.
4. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the flexible diode assembly can perform a bypass function.
5. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the flexible diode assembly can perform a blocking function.
6. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic module is a flexible photovoltaic module.
7. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the first solar cell edge portion is the first edge portion and wherein the flexible diode assembly is in alignment with the first solar cell first edge portion and the second solar cell first edge portion.
8. The photovoltaic module of claim 3, wherein the first diode and second diode are aligned with each other to place them in thermal contact and wherein both diodes are within the same edge portion of the first solar cell.
9. A photovoltaic module, comprising:
a first solar cell having a first surface and a second surface;
a second solar cell located adjacent the first solar cell but not in contact with the first solar cell, the second solar cell having a first surface and a second surface;
an interconnect comprising a metal foil, wherein the interconnect is attached to the first solar cell and the second solar cell to form an electrical series connection between the first solar cell and the second solar cell; and
a first flexible diode assembly attached to a surface of one of the first solar cell or the second solar cell and to the interconnect.
10. The photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein the surface of the first solar cell or the second solar cell that flexible diode assembly is attached to is opposite a surface of that solar cell to which the interconnect is attached, a portion of the flexible diode assembly extending beyond the surface of the solar cell to which the flexible diode assembly is attached to engage the interconnect.
11. The photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein the first surface of each solar cell is a top surface and wherein the second surface of each solar cell is a bottom surface.
12. The photovoltaic module of claim 9, further comprising a second flexible diode assembly and a second interconnect, wherein the second flexible diode assembly is attached to the same surface of either the first solar cell or the second solar cell as the first flexible diode assembly and to the second interconnect, wherein the second flexible diode assembly and second interconnect are in a spaced apart and parallel relationship with the first flexible diode assembly and first interconnect, and wherein the second interconnect is attached to the first solar cell and the second solar cell to form an electrical series connection between the first solar cell and the second solar cell.
13. The photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein the photovoltaic module is a flexible photovoltaic module.
14. The photovoltaic module of claim 10, wherein the flexible diode assembly and the interconnect are attached between the first solar cell and the second solar cell.
15. The photovoltaic module of claim 11, wherein both solar cells are in an n-i-p orientation.
16. The photovoltaic module of claim 11, wherein both the flexible diode assemblies are oriented so that the diodes act as bypass diodes.
17. A method of making a flexible photovoltaic module using a flexible diode assembly, comprising:
attaching a cathode side of a flexible diode assembly to either a top or bottom surface of a first solar cell;
attaching an anode side of said flexible diode assembly to a top surface of a second solar cell; and
bending the first solar cell and the second solar cell such that the flexible diode assembly flexes on the anode side, the cathode side, or both sides.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the flexible diode assembly provides a current bypass or a current blocking function.
19. The method of claim 17, further comprising forming a flexible photovoltaic module by encapsulating the first solar cell, the second solar cell, and the flexible diode assembly.
20. The method of claim 17, further comprising forming a radial shape with the first solar cell, the second solar cell, and the flexible diode assembly.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A compound of structural formula I:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein
each m is independently an integer from 0 to 4;
each n is independently an integer from 0 to 2;
each s is independently an integer from 1 to 3;
each t is independently an integer from 1 to 3;
q is 0 or 1;
r is 0 or 1;
Z is O, S, or NR4;
X\u2014Y is N\u2014CRaRb, CR14\u2014O, CR14\u2014S(O)0-2, or CR13\u2014CRaRb;
W is heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of:
Ar is phenyl, naphthyl, or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to five R3 substituents;
Ra and Rb are each independently hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl, wherein alkyl is optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from fluorine and hydroxy;
R1 is heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of:
wherein Rc is \u2014(CH2)mCO2H, \u2014(CH2)mCO2C1-3 alkyl, \u2014(CH2)m-Z-(CH2)pCO2H, or \u2014(CH2)m-Z-(CH2)pCO2C1-3 alkyl, wherein each (CH2) methylene group is optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, fluorine, oxo, and hydroxy; and wherein said R1 heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted with one substituent independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylthio, C1-4 alkylsulfonyl, and trifluoromethyl;
each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen,
halogen,
hydroxy,
cyano,
amino,
nitro,
C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted with one to five fluorines,
C1-4 alkoxy, optionally substituted with one to five fluorines,
C1-4 alkylthio, optionally substituted with one to five fluorines,
C1-4 alkylsulfonyl,
carboxy,
C1-4 alkyloxycarbonyl, and
C1-4 alkylcarbonyl;
each R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
C1-6 alkyl,
C2-6 alkenyl,
(CH2)n-phenyl,
(CH2)n-naphthyl,
(CH2)n-heteroaryl,
(CH2)n-heterocyclyl,
(CH2)nC3-7 cycloalkyl,
halogen,
nitro,
(CH2)nOR4,
(CH2)nN(R4)2,
(CH2)nC\u2261N,
(CH2)nCO2R4,
(CH2)nNR4SO2R4
(CH2)nSO2N(R4)2,
(CH2)nS(O)O0-2R4,
(CH2)nNR4C(O)N(R4)2,
(CH2)nC(O)N(R4)2,
(CH2)nNR4C(O)R4,
(CH2)nNR4CO2R4,
(CH2)nC(O)R4,
O(CH2)nC(O)N(R4)2,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t-phenyl,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t-naphthyl,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t-heteroaryl,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t-heterocyclyl,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014C3-7 cycloalkyl,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014OR4,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014N(R4)2,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014NR4SO2R4,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014C\u2261N,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014CO2R4,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014SO2N(R4)2,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014S(O)0-2R4,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014NR4C(O)N(R4)2,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014C(O)N(R4)2,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014NR4C(O)R4,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014NR4CO2R4,
(CH2)s-Z-(CH2)t\u2014C(O)R4,
CF3,
CH2CF3,
OCF3, and
OCH2CF3;
in which phenyl, naphthyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, C1-4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, and C1-4 alkoxy; and wherein any methylene (CH2) carbon atom in R3 is optionally substituted with one to two groups independently selected from fluorine, hydroxy, and C1-4 alkyl; or two substituents when on the same methylene (CH2) group are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl group;
each R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen,
C1-6 alkyl,
(CH2)n-phenyl,
(CH2)n-heteroaryl,
(CH2)n-naphthyl, and
(CH2)nC3-7 cycloalkyl;
wherein alkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halogen, trifluoromethyl, C1-4 alkyl, and C1-4 alkoxy; or two R4 groups together with the atom to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered mono- or bicyclic ring system optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from O, S, NH, and NC1-4 alkyl;
R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each independently hydrogen, fluorine, or C1-3 alkyl, wherein alkyl is optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from fluorine and hydroxy;
R13 is hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, fluorine, or hydroxy; and
each R14 is hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein m is 1 or 2.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein q and r are both 1.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein X\u2014Y is CH\u2014O.
5. The compound of claim 4 wherein Ar is phenyl substituted with one to three R3 substituents.
6. The compound of claim 1 wherein R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each hydrogen.
7. The compound of claim 1 wherein W is heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of:
8. The compound of claim 7 wherein each R2 is hydrogen.
9. The compound of claim 7 wherein W is
10. The compound of claim 9 wherein each R2 is hydrogen.
11. The compound of claim 1 wherein R1 is heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of
wherein Rc is \u2014CH2CO2H or \u2014CH2CO2C1-3 alkyl.
12. The compound of claim 11 wherein R1 is
13. The compound of claim 1 wherein q and r are both 1; X\u2014Y is CH\u2014O; W is heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of:
and R1 is heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of:
wherein Rc is \u2014CH2CO2H or \u2014CH2CO2C1-3 alkyl.
14. The compound of claim 13 wherein W is
and R2, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 are each hydrogen.
15. A compound which is selected from the group consisting of:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
16. The compound of claim 15 which is
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
17. The compound of claim 15 which is
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
18. The compound of claim 15 which is
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
19. The compound of claim 15 which is
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound in accordance with claim 1 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
21. A method for treating a disorder, condition, or disease responsive to inhibition of stearoyl-coenzyme A delta-9 desaturase in a mammal in need thereof which comprises the administration to the mammal of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein said disorder, condition, or disease is selected from the group consisting of Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, a lipid disorder, obesity, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease, and cancer.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein said lipid disorder is selected from the group consisting of dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, and high LDL.