1. A cathode electrode of a lithium ion battery comprising:
a cathode current collector comprising a surface; and
a cathode material layer located on the surface of the cathode current collector;
wherein the cathode material layer comprises a cathode active material, the cathode active material comprises sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine), the sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine) comprises a poly(pyridinopyridine) matrix and sulfur dispersed in the poly(pyridinopyridine) matrix, and the cathode current collector comprises a polymer substrate and a graphene layer located on a surface of the polymer substrate adjacent to the cathode material layer,
wherein the sulfur is a poly-sulfur group consisting of one or more sulfur elements represented by a formula of Sx, wherein x is an integer between 1 and 8, and the poly-sulfur group is combined with the poly(pyridinopyridine) matrix by a covalent bond, the sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine) comprises at least one chemical group of formulas:
wherein n, n1, and n2 are an integer larger than 1, and m and y are both an integer larger than 0.
2. The cathode electrode of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer is a single continuous and integrated graphene sheet.
3. The cathode electrode of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer comprises a plurality of graphene sheets overlapping each other.
4. The cathode electrode of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the graphene layer consists of graphene.
5. The cathode electrode of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the graphene layer is in a range from about 0.8 nanometers to about 5 microns.
6. The cathode electrode of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein a material of the polymer substrate is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, and combinations thereof.
7. The cathode electrode of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode current collector further comprises a connector tab to electrically connect the lithium ion battery to an outer circuit, the connector tab is directly contacting the graphene layer to electrically connect to the graphene layer.
8. The cathode electrode of a lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein a weight percentage of the sulfur in the sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine) is equal to or less than 42%.
9. A lithium ion battery comprising:
a cathode electrode;
an anode electrode spaced from the cathode electrode; and
an electrolyte located between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode;
wherein the cathode electrode comprises a cathode current collector having a surface, and a cathode material layer located on the surface of the cathode current collector, the cathode material layer comprises a cathode active material, the cathode active material comprises sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine), the sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine) comprises a poly(pyridinopyridine) matrix and sulfur dispersed in the poly(pyridinopyridine) matrix, the cathode current collector comprises a film shaped polymer substrate and a graphene layer located on a surface of the polymer substrate adjacent to the cathode material layer,
wherein the sulfur is a poly-sulfur group consisting of one or more sulfur elements represented by a formula of Sx, wherein x is an integer between 1 and 8, and the poly-sulfur group is combined with the poly(pyridinopyridine) matrix by a covalent bond, the sulfur grafted poly(pyridinopyridine) comprises at least one chemical group of formulas:
wherein n, n1, and n2 are an integer larger than 1, and m and y are both an integer larger than 0.
10. The lithium ion battery of claim 9, wherein the anode electrode is lithium metal, and a discharge cut-off voltage of the lithium ion battery is about 0V.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A tool interface (5) for coupling a tool head (2) to a tool shank (3) in a centered manner in respect of a shank axis (4), comprising:
a first interface part (6) that is configured to be connected to the tool shank (3) or to the tool head (2); and
a second interface part (7) that is configured to be connected to the respective other tool part, namely, to the tool head (2) or to the tool shank (3), the two interface parts (6, 7) having interface surfaces (9, 10) that substantially complement each other and are intended to bear flatly on each other, the interface surface (9) of the first interface part (6) comprising an inner cone surface (21) and an outer cone surface (22), which surrounds the latter on the outside and coaxially, and the interface surface (9) of the second interface part (7) comprising an outer cone surface (27), which corresponds with the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6), and an inner cone surface (28), which corresponds with the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6), wherein an annular web (23) formed between the inner cone surface (21) and the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6) is slotted by at least one recess (24), wherein the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6) has an extent, in the direction of the shank axis (4), that exceeds the corresponding extent of the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6) by at least a factor 4, and wherein, when the first interface part (6) is joined to the second interface part (7), the annular web (23) of the first interface part (6) is acted upon in a radially inward direction by the second interface part (7) thereby locking the annular web (23) of the first interface part (6) between the inner cone surface (28) and the outer cone surface (27) of the second interface part (6).
2. A tool interface (5) for coupling a tool head (2) to a tool shank (3) in a centered manner in respect of a shank axis (4), comprising:
a first interface part (6) that is configured to be connected to the tool shank (3) or to the tool head (2); and
a second interface part (7) that is configured to be connected to the respective other tool part, namely, to the tool head (2) or to the tool shank (3), the two interface parts (6, 7) having interface surfaces (9, 10) that substantially complement each other and are intended to bear flatly on each other, the interface surface (9) of the first interface part (6) comprising an inner cone surface (21) and an outer cone surface (22), which surrounds the latter on the outside and coaxially, and the interface surface (9) of the second interface part (7) comprising an outer cone surface (27), which corresponds with the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6), and an inner cone surface (28), which corresponds with the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6), wherein the second interface part (7) has a central bore (20) surrounded coaxially by its outer cone surface (27), and an annular web (29) formed between the outer cone surface (27) and the bore (20) is slotted by at least one recess (24).
3. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the slotted interface part (6; 7) is connected to the tool shank (3), and the respectively other interface part (7; 6) is connected to the tool head (2).
4. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein at least two recesses (24) are provided in a distributed manner around the circumference of the respective annular web (23, 29).
5. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6) has an extent, in the direction of the shank axis (4), that exceeds the corresponding extent of the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6) by at least a factor 4.
6. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6) has, relative to the shank axis (4), an angle of inclination (\u03b11) that is more acute than the corresponding angle of inclination (\u03b12) of the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6) by at least a factor 2.
7. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the first interface part (6) is provided with a threaded bore (14) that is coaxial with the shank axis (4), and the second interface part (7) is provided with a threaded pin (17) that corresponds with the threaded bore (14) for the purpose of screwing the interface parts (6, 7).
8. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the threaded pin (17) is screwed to the second interface part (7).
9. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the tool shank (3) is produced in multiple parts from a shank body (8) and the shank-side interface part (6).
10. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the shank-side interface part (6) is materially connected to the shank body (8).
11. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the shank-side interface part (6) and the shank body (8) are connected to each other via corresponding, conical bearing-contact surfaces (11, 12).
12. A tool interface (5) for coupling a tool head (2) to a tool shank (3) in a centered manner in respect of a shank axis (4), comprising:
a first interface part (6) that is configured to be connected to the tool shank (3) or to the tool head (2); and
a second interface part (7) that is configured to be connected to the respective other tool part, namely, to the tool head (2) or to the tool shank (3), the two interface parts (6, 7) having interface surfaces (9, 10) that substantially complement each other and are intended to bear flatly on each other, the interface surface (9) of the first interface part (6) comprising an inner cone surface (21) and an outer cone surface (22), which surrounds the latter on the outside and coaxially, and the interface surface (9) of the second interface part (7) comprising an outer cone surface (27), which corresponds with the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6), and an inner cone surface (28), which corresponds with the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6), wherein an annular web (23) formed between the inner cone surface (21) and the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6) is slotted by at least one recess (24), and wherein the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6) has an extent, in the direction of the shank axis (4), that exceeds the corresponding extent of the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6) by at least a factor 4,
wherein the head-side interface part (7) is produced by sintering, without subsequent fine-working of its interface surface (10).
13. A tool head (2), which, for the purpose of coupling to a tool shank (3) in a centered manner in respect of a shank axis (4), is provided with a first or a second interface part (6, 7) according to claim 1 or 2.
14. A tool shank (3), which, for the purpose of coupling to a tool head (2) in a centered manner in respect of a shank axis (4), is provided with a first or a second interface part (6, 7) according to claim 1 or 2.
15. A tool (1), comprising a tool head (2), a tool shank (3) and a tool interface (5) according to claim 1 or 2.
16. The tool interface (5) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6) has an extent, in the direction of the shank axis (4), that exceeds the corresponding extent of the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6) by at least a factor 6.
17. The tool interface as claimed in claim 5, the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6) has an extent, in the direction of the shank axis (4), that exceeds the corresponding extent of the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6) by at least a factor 6.
18. A tool interface (5) for coupling a tool head (2) to a tool shank (3) in a centered manner in respect of a shank axis (4), comprising:
a first interface part (6) that is configured to be connected to the tool shank (3) or to the tool head (2); and
a second interface part (7) that is configured to be connected to the respective other tool part, namely, to the tool head (2) or to the tool shank (3), the two interface parts (6, 7) having interface surfaces (9, 10) that substantially complement each other and are intended to bear flatly on each other, the interface surface (9) of the first interface part (6) comprising an inner cone surface (21) and an outer cone surface (22), which surrounds the latter on the outside and coaxially, and the interface surface (9) of the second interface part (7) comprising an outer cone surface (27), which corresponds with the inner cone surface (21) of the first interface part (6), and an inner cone surface (28), which corresponds with the outer cone surface (22) of the first interface part (6), wherein the second interface part (7) has a central bore (20) surrounded coaxially by its outer cone surface (27), and an annular web (29) formed between the outer cone surface (27) and the bore (20) is slotted by at least one recess (24),
wherein the head-side interface part (7) is produced by sintering, without subsequent fine-working of its interface surface (10).