1. A drum for forming relief patterns on a surface of a textile web, the drum comprising:
a tubular jacket rotatable about an axis and having a substantially cylindrical outer surface centered on the axis and formed with an array of raised portions separated by lands and with a multiplicity of radially throughgoing holes in the raised portions, the holes being elongated and extending circumferentially at angles between 20\xb0 and 170\xb0 to midplanes extending perpendicular to the axis, the web engaging the drum;
means for directing liquid jets radially inward at the web where it engages the drum for impressing the raised portions into a face of the web; and
means for aspirating liquid inward through the holes from the web where it engages the drum.
2. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the holes are also provided in the lands.
3. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the raised portions extend annularly completely around the drum.
4. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the raised portions are elongated and only extending angularly partially around the drum.
5. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the drum has axial end portions free of the raised portions.
6. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the lands are provided with at least some of the holes and the holes in the lands make up between 12% and 80% of the overall surface area of the lands.
7. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the holes in the raised portions extend parallel to one another.
8. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the holes in the raised portions have widths between 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm.
9. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the holes are also formed in the lands and have widths between 0.2 mm and 1.0 mm.
10. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein each of the raised portions has a flat radially outwardly directed face and flanks extending radially from an edge thereof to the lands.
11. The drum defined in claim 10 wherein the flanks extend at angles of at least 30\xb0 to the respective end faces.
12. The drum defined in claim 11 wherein the flanks extend of angles of at least 80\xb0 to the respective end faces.
13. The drum defined in claim 10 wherein the edges are rounded.
14. The drum defined in claim 10 wherein the flanks meet the lands at a sharp edge.
15. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the holes have edges formed with radially outwardly projecting annular rims.
16. The drum defined in claim 15 wherein the rims have widths between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm.
17. The drum defined in claim 1 wherein the holes have lengths between 2 mm and 4 mm and width between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm.
18. A drum for forming relief patterns on a surface of a textile web, the drum comprising:
a tubular jacket rotatable about an axis and having a substantially cylindrical outer surface centered on the axis and formed with an array of raised portions separated by lands and with a multiplicity of radially throughgoing holes in the raised portions and in the lands, the holes being elongated and extending circumferentially at angles between 20\xb0 and 170\xb0 to midplanes extending perpendicular to the axis, the web engaging the drum;
means for directing liquid jets radially inward at the web where it engages the drum for impressing the raised portions into a face of the web; and
means for aspirating liquid inward through the holes from the web where it engages the drum.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A transmit diversity apparatus of a mobile communication system, comprising:
a receiver which BLAST-decodes receiving signals from a plurality of reception antennas to estimate channel characteristics of forward channels of each of a plurality of transmission antennas, and which feeds back antenna select-information for selecting one or more of the transmission antennas based on the estimated forward channel characteristics; and
a transmitter which selects one or more of the transmission antennas that are in a good state according to the feedback antenna-select information, and which BLAST-codes transmission symbols for the selected transmission antennas.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiver is in a mobile terminal, while the transmitter is in a base station.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises:
a BLAST decoder which BLAST-decodes receiving symbols received through the reception antennas and detects symbols by the transmission antennas;
a channel state estimator which estimates forward channel characteristics of each transmission antenna using the detected symbols by the transmission antennas, and which generates the antenna-select information for selecting the transmission antennas in a good state among the plurality of transmission antennas based on the estimated forward channel characteristics;
a demodulator which demodulates symbols detected by the BLAST decoder according to the estimated forward channel characteristics;
a channel deinterleaver which channel-deinterleaves the demodulated symbols of each transmission antenna; and
a decoder which decodes the channel-deinterleaved data of each transmission antenna.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmitter comprises:
an encoder which encodes transmission data;
a channel interleaver which channel-interleaves the encoded transmission data;
a modulator which modulates the channel-interleaved transmission data;
an antenna selector which selects transmission antennas in a good state among the plurality of transmission antennas according to the antenna-select information fed back from the receiver, and which outputs the modulated transmission symbols for the selected transmission antennas; and
a BLAST-processor which BLAST-codes the transmission symbols so as to be transmitted in a vertical form in temporal and spatial areas through the selected transmission antennas.
5. A transmit diversity method of a mobile communication system, comprising:
BLAST-decoding receiving signals received by a plurality of reception antennas;
estimating channel characteristics of forward channels of each of a plurality of transmission antennas;
feeding back antenna-select information for selecting transmission antennas in a good state based on the estimated forward channel characteristics;
selecting one or more of the transmission antennas that are in a good state based on the fedback antenna select information; and
BLAST-coding transmission symbols for the selected transmission antennas.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the BLAST-decoding step includers:
constructing the receiving signals received through the receiving antennas as a receiving vector, and while a specific symbol is being detected, other symbols are regarded as an interference signal to thereby estimate the specific symbol, and subracting a first detected signal component from the receiving vector.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of BLAST-coding includes:
forming transmission symbol layers for the selected transmission antennas, and simultaneously transmitting the transmission symbol layers in a vertical form in a temporal and spatial area to the selected transmission antenna.
8. A receiver, comprising:
a decoder which BLAST-decodes a plurality of signals; and
an estimator which estimates forward-channel characteristics of a plurality of transmission antennas based on the BLAST-decoded signals.
9. The receiver of claim 8, wherein the plurality of signals are received through a respective plurality of reception antennas.
10. The receiver of claim 9, wherein the number of reception antennas equals the number of transmission antennas.
11. The receiver of claim 8, wherein the decoder BLAST-decodes symbols received through a plurality of reception antennas and detects symbols from the transmission antennas.
12. The receiver of claim 11, wherein the estimator estimates the forward-channel characteristics of each transmission antenna based on the detected symbols.
13. The receiver of claim 8, wherein the estimator generates information indicating a state of at least one of the transmission antennas based on the estimated forward-channel characteristics.
14. The receiver of claim 13, further comprising:
a feedback unit which feeds back the state information to a transmitter.
15. The receiver of claim 8, wherein the forward-channel characteristics include a signal-to-noise ratio of a forward channel associated with each of the transmission antennas.
16. The receiver of claim 15, wherein the estimator generates state information for the forward channel of each transmission antenna based on said signal-to-noise ratio.
17. The receiver of claim 16, wherein the state information designates only those transmission antennas that are in a good state as determined by corresponding signal-to-noise ratios.
18. A mobile terminal which includes the receiver of claim 8.
19. A transmitter, comprising:
a selector which selects at least one of a plurality of antennas based on state information received from a receiver; and
an encoder which BLAST-encodes signals to be transmitted through the selected antennas.
20. The transmitter of claim 19, wherein said state information indicates that forward channels associated with each of the selected antennas are in a good state.
21. The transmitter of claim 20, wherein the good state is determined based on a signal-to-noise ratio for the forward channels associated with each selected antenna.
22. A base station having the transmitter of claim 19.
23. A method for controlling transmission of data, comprising:
BLAST-decoding a plurality of signals; and
estimating forward-channel characteristics of a plurality of transmission antennas based on the BLAST-decoded signals.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
receiving the plurality of signals through a respective plurality of reception antennas.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the number of reception antennas equals the number of transmission antennas.
26. The method of claim 23, wherein the decoding step includes:
BLAST-decoding symbols received through a plurality of reception antennas; and
detecting symbols from the transmission antennas.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the estimating step includes:
estimating the forward-channel characteristics of each transmission antenna based on the detected symbols.
28. The method of claim 23, wherein the estimating step includes:
generating information indicating a state of at l east one of the transmission antennas based on the estimated forward-channel characteristics.
29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
feeding back the state information to a transmitter.
30. The method of claim 28, wherein the forward-channel characteristics include a signal-to-noise ratio of a forward channel associated with each of the transmission antennas.
31. The method of claim 23, wherein the forward-channel characteristics include a signal-to-noise ratio of a forward channel associated with each of the transmission antennas.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the estimator generates state information for the forward channel of each transmission antenna based on said signal-to-noise ratio.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the state information designates only those transmission antennas that are in a good state as determined by corresponding signal-to-noise ratios.
34. A method for controlling transmission of data, comprising:
selecting at least one of a plurality of antennas based on state information received from a receiver; and
BLAST-encoding signals to be transmitted through the selected antennas.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein said state information indicates that forward channels associated with each of the selected antennas are in a good state.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein the good state is determined based on a signal-to-noise ratio for the forward channels associated with each selected antenna.