1. A process for treating waste sludge from a wastewater treatment plant comprising the steps of,
a) flowing the waste sludge to an anaerobic digester;
b) thickening the waste sludge before it enters the digester or recuperative thickening of digestate in the digester; and,
c) adding an external waste stream to the digester such that at least 30% of the volatile solids loading to the digester is derived from the external waste stream.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein digestate in the digester is mixed with hydraulic mixers.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the digester is mixed intermittently.
4. The process of claim 1 comprising recuperative thickening of the digestate.
5. The process of claim 4 comprising grinding digestate before flowing the digestate to a thickener in a recuperative thickening loop.
6. The process of claim 1 comprising wasting digestate directly from the digester.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein digestate in the digester is maintained at a solids content of 3% or more.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein digestate in the digester is maintained at a solids content of 5% or more.
9. A process for treating waste sludge from a wastewater treatment plant comprising the steps of,
a) flowing the waste sludge to an existing anaerobic digester of the wastewater treatment plant; and,
b) recuperative thickening digestate in the digester.
wherein diqestate in the digester is maintained at a solids content of 5% or more, and further comprising adding an external waste stream to the digester such that at least 30% of the volatile solids loading to the digester is derived from the external waste stream.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein the step of recuperative thickening comprises thickening digestate in a rotary screw press.
11. The process of claim 9 comprising mixing digestate in the digester with a hydraulic mixer.
12. A process for treating waste sludge from a wastewater treatment plant comprising the steps of,
a) flowing the waste sludge to an existing anaerobic digester of the wastewater treatment plant; and,
b) recuperative thickening digestate in the digester,
wherein digestate in the digester is maintained at a solids content of 5% or more, and further comprising mixing digestate in the digester intermittently.
13. The process of claim 12 wherein the step of recuperative thickening comprises thickening digestate in a rotary screw press.
14. The process of claim 12 comprising mixing digestate in the digester intermittently.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An imidazole compound represented by the formula (I):
wherein
ring A is a pyridine ring optionally having substituents selected from
(1) C1-6 alkyl group, and
(2) C1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from halogen atom(s) and C1-6 alkoxy group,
ring B is a benzene ring optionally having substituents selected from
C1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted by halogen atom(s),
X1 and X2 are each an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom,
W is a C1-6 alkylene group optionally having substituents selected from C1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy and ethoxycarbonyloxy or a divalent group represented by the formula:
\u2014W1-Z-W2\u2014
\u2003wherein W1 and W2 are each a C1-6 alkylene group or a bond, Z is C6-14 arene, an oxygen atom, SOn wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, or >N-E wherein E is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, a thiocarbamoyl group, a lower alkylsulfinyl group, a lower alkylsulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a mono-lower alkylsulfamoyl group, a di-lower alkylsulfamoyl group, an arylsulfamoyl group, an arylsulfinyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group or a carbamoyl group, and when Z is an oxygen atom, SOn or >N-E, W1 and W2 are each C1-6 alkylene group,
R is a group selected from
(1) C1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by C1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy,
(2) C3-10 cycloalkyl group, and
(3) C6-14 aryl group optionally substituted by a group represented by \u2014CO\u2014NR2R3 (wherein R2 and R3 are each C1-6 alkyl group),
D1 is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or >NR1,
D2 is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or >NR1 wherein each R1 is independently C1-6 alkyl group, and
Y is a group selected from
(1) C1-6 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s) selected from C1-6 alkoxy group, ethoxycarbonyloxy group, C6-14 aryl group and a group represented by \u2014NR2R3 (wherein R2 and R3 are each C1-6 alkyl group),
(2) C3-10 cycloalkyl group,
(3) C6-14 aryl group optionally having substituent(s) selected from (i) halogen atom and (ii) C1-6 alkoxy group optionally having halogen atom(s), and
(4) tetrahydropyran,
or a salt thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein Z is C6-14 arene.
3. The compound of claim 1, which is represented by the formula (II):
wherein each symbol in the formula is as defined in claim 1.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein X1 and X2 are each an oxygen atom.
5. The compound of claim 1, wherein D1 is an oxygen atom and D2 is a bond or an oxygen atom.
6. The compound of claim 1, wherein W is a divalent chain C1-6 alkylene group optionally having substituents selected from C1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy and ethoxycarbonyloxy.
7. The compound of claim 1, wherein W is an ethylene group.
8. The compound of claim 1, wherein Y is a group selected from
(1) C1-6 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s) selected from C1-6 alkoxy group, ethoxycarbonyloxy group, C6-14 aryl group and a group represented by \u2014NR2R3 (wherein R2 and R3 are each C1-6 alkyl group),
(2) C3-10 cycloalkyl group, and
(3) C6-14 aryl group optionally having substituent(s) selected from (i) halogen atom and (ii) C1-6 alkoxy group optionally having halogen atom(s).
9. The compound of claim 1, wherein X1 and X2 are each an oxygen atom, D1 is an oxygen atom and D2 is a bond or an oxygen atom, W is an ethylene group, R is a C1-6 alkyl group, and Y is a group selected from (1) C1-6 alkyl group optionally having substituent(s) selected from C1-6 alkoxy group, ethoxycarbonyloxy group, C6-14 aryl group and a group represented by \u2014NR2R3 (wherein R2 and R3 are each C1-6 alkyl group), (2) C3-10 cycloalkyl group, and (3) C6-14 aryl group optionally having substituent(s) selected from (i) halogen atom and (ii) C1-6 alkoxy group optionally having halogen atom(s).
10. The compound of claim 1, which is a compound selected from 2-methyl(R)-2-3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl-1H-benzimida zol-1-ylcarbonylaminoethyl acetate, ethyl 2-methyl(R)-2-3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-ylcarbonylaminoethyl carbonate, 2-methyl(R)-2-3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl-1H-benzimida zol-1ylcarbonylaminoethyl tetrahydropyran-4-yl carbonate, 2-methyl2-3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl-1 H-benzimidazol-1-ylcarbonylaminoethyl tetrahydropyran-4-yl carbonate, ethyl 2-methyl2-3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl-1H-benzimi dazol-1-ylcarbonylaminoethyl carbonate, ethyl 2-5-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methylsulfinyl-3H-imidazo4,5-bpyridin-3-ylcarbonyl(methyl)aminoethyl carbonate, 2-5-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methylsulfinyl-3H-imidazo4,5-bpyrid in-3-ylcarbonyl(methyl)aminoethyl acetate, 2-methyl2-3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-ylcarbonylaminoethyl acetate, ethyl 2-5-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methylsulfinyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-ylcarbonyl(methyl)aminoethyl carbonate, ethyl 2-(S)-5-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methylsulfinyl-1H-benzimida zol-1-ylcarbonyl(methyl)aminoethyl carbonate, ethyl 2-2-4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-ylcarbonyl(methyl)aminoethyl carbonate, and 2-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridyl)methylsulfinyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-ylc arbonyl(methyl)aminoethyl ethyl carbonate, or a salt thereof.
11. A production method of a compound of claim 1, which comprises (1) condensing a compound represented by the formula (III):
wherein
ring A is a pyridine ring optionally having substituents selected from
(1) C1-6 alkyl group, and
(2) C1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from halogen atom(s) and C1-6 alkoxy group,
ring B is a benzene ring optionally having substituents selected from C1-6 alkoxy group optionally having halogen atom(s), and
M is a hydrogen atom, a metal cation or a quaternary ammonium ion, or a salt thereof, with a compound represented by the formula (IV):
wherein
X is a leaving group,
X1 and X2 are each an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom,
W is C1-6 alkylene group optionally having substituents selected from C1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy and ethoxycarbonyloxy, or a divalent group of the formula:
\u2014W1-Z-W2\u2014
\u2003wherein W1 and W2 are each a C1-6 alkylene group or a bond, Z is C6-14 arene, an oxygen atom, SOn wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, or >N-E wherein E is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, a thiocarbamoyl group, a lower alkylsulfinyl group, a lower alkylsulfonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a mono-lower alkylsulfamoyl group, a di-lower alkylsulfamoyl group, an arylsulfamoyl group, an arylsulfinyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group or a carbamoyl group, and when Z is an oxygen atom, SOn or >N-E, W1 and W2 are each C1-6 alkylene group,
R is a group selected from
(1) C1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by C1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy,
(2) C3-10 cycloalkyl group, and
(3) C6-14 aryl group optionally substituted by a group represented by \u2014CO\u2014NR2R3 (wherein R2 and R3 are each C1-6 alkyl group),
D1 is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or >NR1,
D2 is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or >NR1 wherein each R1 is independently C1-6alkyl group, and
Y is a group selected from
(1) C1-6alkyl group optionally having substituent(s) selected from C1-6 alkoxy group, ethoxycarbonyloxy group, C6-14 aryl group and a group represented by \u2014NR2R3 (wherein R2 and R3 are each C1-6 alkyl group),
(2) C3-10 cycloalkyl group,
(3) C6-14 aryl group optionally having substituent(s) selected from (i) halogen atom and (ii) C1-6 alkoxy group optionally having halogen atom(s), and
(4) tetrahydropyran, or
a salt thereof.
12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
13. A method for the treatment of peptic ulcer in an animal, which comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to the animal.