1. An LED light fixture system comprising:
an LED module having a plurality of LEDs attached thereto, said LED module releasably attachable to a peripheral frame and positioned to direct light in a first direction inwardly toward a secondary optic;
said frame comprising an opening positioned to allow said LED module to be inserted or removed through said opening in said frame; and
said frame providing an electrical connection between said LED module and a source of electrical current when said LED module is inserted in said opening and disposed in said frame.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said LED module is removably received in a groove of said peripheral frame.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein said frame comprises electrical connectors which engage secondary electrical connectors of said LED module.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein said LED module is a first LED module of a plurality of LED modules releasably attached to interior surfaces of said peripheral frame and directed inwardly.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein said frame comprises an openable portion releasably connectable to said frame for covering said opening.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein said secondary optic is operable to soften light produced from said LED module.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein said frame comprises fins extending away from a back side of said frame to provide a heat sink for cooling of the plurality of LEDs.
8-19. (canceled)
20. The system of claim 1 further comprising a supporting member connected to said frame and mountable to suspend said frame from a ceiling.
21. The system of claim 1 wherein said frame comprises a primary opening for providing direct lighting from said secondary optic and a secondary opening for providing indirect lighting from said secondary optic.
22. The system of claim 21 further comprising a releasably attachable portion connectable to said frame and dimensioned to cover said secondary opening when said releasably attachable portion is connected to said frame.
23. The system of claim 21 further comprising the supporting member connected to said frame and mountable to suspend said frame from a ceiling.
24. The system of claim 21 wherein said secondary optic is operable to soften light produced from said LED module.
25. The system of claim 21 wherein said frame comprises fins extending away from a back side of said frame to provide a heat sink for cooling of the LEDs.
26. The system of claim 1 wherein said frame comprises a plurality of mounting holes to allow said frame to be mounted to the supporting member, and a decorative cover releasably attachable to said frame to cover said mounting holes.
27. The system of claim 26 wherein said cover comprises a plurality of projections configured to be received in a plurality of holes of said frame to attach said cover to said frame.
28. The system of claim 27 wherein said plurality of projections is elastically deformable to allow said projections to be received within said holes to provide a friction fit between said projections and said holes.
29. The system of claim 26 wherein said frame comprises a retaining member forming a groove configured to receive said cover.
30. The system of claim 26 wherein said cover comprises at least one connecting hole receiving a fastener connecting said cover to said frame and wherein said connecting hole receives a plug for covering said connecting hole.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of operating a telecommunications network comprising the steps of;
providing a primary point of presence of a wavelength division multiplexing optical network;
providing a secondary point of presence in communication with the primary point of presence via a single fibre of a feed optic fibre bundle;
providing a passive optical network downstream of the secondary point of presence; and
providing a copper cable connection downstream of the secondary point of presence,
wherein access to the network is provided via said passive optical network and via said copper cable.
2. A method of operating a telecommunications network according to claim 1 and further including the steps of;
providing a wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer downstream of the secondary point of presence such that the passive optical network is downstream of the wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer, and
providing an optical network unit downstream of the wavelength division multiplexing demultiplexer,
wherein the optical network unit is connected to users via a plurality of respective supply optical fibres.
3. A method of operating a telecommunications network according to claim 1 or claim 2 and further including the step of;
providing a plurality of passive optical networks downstream of the secondary point of presence.
4. A method of operating a telecommunications network according to claim 3 and further including the steps of;
providing each passive optical network with at least one optical network unit; and
configuring the at least one optical network unit to operate using sub-carrier multiplexing.
5. A method of operating a telecommunications network according to any preceding claim and further including the steps of;
providing a splice optic fibre; and
bypassing the secondary point of presence with the splice optic fibre so that at least one passive optical network downstream of the splice is backhauled to a respective feed optic fibre of the feed optic fibre bundle.
6. A method of operating a telecommunications network according to any preceding claim and further including the steps of;
decommissioning the secondary point of presence and the copper cable connection.
7. A user connection terminal provided with at least one optic fibre for inflow and outflow of data, the terminal comprising a receiver in communication with the optic fibre, the receiver being adapted for translating an input optical signal into an electrical signal, the receiver adapted for communication with a user commodity unit, in use, which in turn is adapted to transmit an output electrical signal to an optical modulator for translation of the output electrical signal into an output optical signal for transmission via the optic fibre, wherein a user interacts with the terminal via said user commodity unit.
8. A user connection terminal according to claim 7 and being provided with an input optic fibre and an output optic fibre for inflow and outflow of data respectively, the input optic fibre in communication with the receiver, and the output optic fibre in communication with the optical modulator.
9. A user connection terminal according to claim 7 or claim 8 wherein the electrical signals are radio frequency electric signals.
10. A user connection terminal according to claim 9 wherein the input electrical signal is passed to an input radio frequency mixer which is tuned to a sub-carrier frequency using a programmable oscillator.
11. A user connection terminal according to claim 10 wherein the input radio frequency mixer outputs to an interface which in turn communicates with the user commodity unit.
12. A user connection terminal according to claim 11 wherein communication between the interface and the commodity unit is primarily Ethernet based.
13. A user connection terminal according to claim 11 or claim 12 wherein the interface communicates with an output radio frequency mixer which is tuned to the same frequency as the input radio frequency mixer by the programmable oscillator.
14. A user connection terminal according to claim 13 wherein the output radio frequency mixer communicates with the optical modulator.
15. A user connection terminal according to any of claims 10-14 wherein the terminal is powered locally at the user’s premises.
16. A user connection terminal according to any of claims 10-15 wherein the programmable oscillator is in two-way communication with a microprocessor which is in turn in two-way communication with a service and communication channel which in turn outputs to the optical modulator.
17. A user connection terminal according to claim 16 and being provided with a sub-module which corresponds to the user connection terminal, the sub-module being located at a point of presence and being configured to communicate with the user connection terminal to permit a user to connect to the network.
18. A user connection terminal according to claim 17 wherein the sub-module is provided with an optic fibre for inflow and outflow of data to the sub-module, the sub-module comprising a sub-module receiver to translate an incoming optical signal into an input electrical signal, the input electrical signal being input to a sub-module commodity unit, the sub-module commodity unit communicating, in use, with the upstream network, data flowing downstream from the sub-module commodity unit being translated into an output electrical signal and being input to a sub-module optical modulator for translation into an output optical signal for transmission via the optic fibre.
19. A user connection terminal according to claim 18 wherein there is provided an input optic fibre and an output optic fibre for inflow and outflow of data to the sub-module respectively, the input optic fibre in communication with the sub-module receiver, and the output optic fibre in communication with the sub-module optical modulator.
20. A user connection terminal according to claim 18 or claim 19 wherein the electrical signals are radio frequency electric signals.
21. A user connection terminal according to claim 20 wherein the input electrical signal is input to an input radio frequency mixer which is tuned by a sub-module programmable oscillator to the same sub-carrier frequency as the user connection terminal.
22. A user connection terminal according to claim 21 wherein the input radio frequency mixer is in communication with the sub-module commodity unit.
23. A user connection terminal according to claim 21 or claim 22 wherein the sub-module commodity unit communicates with an output radio frequency mixer which is tuned to the same frequency as the input radio frequency mixer by the sub-module programmable oscillator.
24. A user connection terminal according to claim 23 wherein the output radio frequency mixer outputs to the sub-module optical modulator.
25. A user connection terminal according to any of claims 21-24 wherein the sub-module programmable oscillator is in two-way communication with a sub-module microprocessor which is in turn in two-way communication with the service and communication channel which in turn outputs to the sub-module optical modulator.
26. A user connection terminal according to any of claims 7-25 wherein the commodity unit is adaptable for communication with a wireless access technology.
27. A user connection terminal according to claim 26 wherein the wireless access technology is selected from radio, infra-red and mobile phone.
28. A user connection terminal according to any of claims 7-25 wherein the commodity unit is adaptable for communication with any of copper wire and optic fibre.
29. A method of operating a passive optical network comprising the steps of;
providing a feed optic fibre bundle in communication with a wavelength division multiplexing optical network;
providing an optical splitter in communication with an optic fibre in the feed optic fibre bundle;
providing a connecting optic fibre in communication with the optic splitter;
providing an optical network unit in communication with the connecting optic fibre; and
providing a supply optic fibre in communication with the optical network unit, the supply optic fibre being adapted for communication with a user of the network,
wherein the feed optic fibre bundle has a plurality of redundant optic fibres.
30. A method according to claim 29 and further including the step of;
reducing the number of users per optical network unit over time to enable an increased bandwidth per user to be provided over time.
31. A method according to claim 29 of claim 30 and further including the step of;
providing a user connection terminal at the location of each user of the network to permit the user to connect to the network by optic fibre, in use.
32. A method according to any of claims 29-31 and further including the step of;
arranging the network as a plurality of cells, wherein each cell is supplied with a respective feed optic fibre bundle.
33. A method according to any of claims 29-32 and further including the step of;
providing a connecting optic fibre bundle, the connecting optic fibre comprising an optic fibre in the connecting optic fibre bundle.
34. A method according to any of claims 29-33 and further including the step of;
providing a plurality of supply optic fibres, one supply optic fibre for each user of the network, wherein each supply optic fibre is connected to the optical network unit.
35. A method according to any of claims 29-34 and further including the step of;
providing a copper cable in communication with the optical network unit wherein the copper cable is connected with a user of the network.
36. A method according to claim 35 and further including the step of;
providing a plurality of copper cables, one copper cable for each user of the network wherein each copper cable is connected to the optical network unit.
37. A method according to claim 35 or claim 36 and further including the step of;
replacing the copper cables with optic fibres.
38. A method according to any of claims 29-37 wherein the optic fibre bundles contain up to 200 optic fibres.
39. A passive optical network comprising a feed optic fibre bundle in communication with a wavelength division multiplexing optical network, an optical splitter in communication with an optic fibre in the feed optic fibre bundle, a connecting optic fibre in communication with the optic splitter, an optical network unit in communication with the connecting optic fibre, and a supply optic fibre in communication with the optical network unit, the supply optic fibre being adapted for communication with a user of the network, wherein the feed optic fibre bundle has a plurality of redundant optic fibres.
40. A passive optical network according to claim 39 wherein the network further includes a connecting optic fibre bundle, the connecting optic fibre being an optic fibre in the connecting optic fibre bundle.
41. A passive optical network according to claim 39 or claim 40 wherein a plurality of supply optic fibres are provided, one feed optic fibre for each user of the network, wherein each feed optic fibre is connected to the optical network unit.
42. A passive optical network according to claim 39, 40 or claim 41 and further including a copper cable in communication with the optical network unit wherein the copper cable is in communication with a user of the network.
43. A passive optical network according to claim 42 and further including a plurality of copper cables, one copper cable for each user of the network wherein each copper cable is connected to the optical network unit.
44. A passive optical network according to any of claims 39-43 wherein the network is arranged as a plurality of cells, each cell being supplied with a respective feed optic fibre bundle.
45. A passive optical network according to any of claims 39-44 wherein the optic fibre bundles contain up to 200 optic fibres.
46. A passive optical network according to any of claims 39-45 and further including a user connection terminal at the location of each user of the network for connection to the network by optic fibre.
47. A passive optical network according to any of claims 46 wherein the respective supply optic fibre is adapted to handle both inflow and outflow of data to the user connection terminal.
48. A passive optical network according to claim 46 of claim 47 the terminal is provided with an input optic fibre and an output optic fibre for inflow and outflow of data to the terminal respectively, the input optic fibre and output optic fibre in communication with the optical network unit.
49. A passive optical network according to claim 48 wherein the user connection terminal comprises a receiver in communication with the input optic fibre, the receiver being adapted for translating an input optical signal into an electrical signal, the electrical signal being input to a user commodity unit in use which in turn is adapted to communicate with an optical modulator for translation of the electrical signal into an output optical signal for transmission via the output optic fibre, such that a user interacts with the terminal via said user commodity unit.
50. A passive optical network according to claim 49 wherein the electrical signal is a radio frequency electric signal.
51. A passive optical network according to claim 49 or claim 50 wherein the commodity unit is primarily Ethernet based.
52. A passive optical network according to claim 49, 50 or claim 51 wherein the commodity unit is adaptable for communication with a wireless access technology.
53. A passive optical network according to claim 52 wherein the wireless access technology is selected from radio, infra-red and mobile phone.
54. A passive optical network according to claim 51 wherein the commodity unit is adaptable for communication with any of copper wire and optic fibre.
55. A passive optical network according to any of claims 46-54 wherein the terminal is powered locally at the user’s premises.