1. A fluidized bed catalytic cracking apparatus (FCC) for treating gaseous hydrocarbons from a cracking catalyst, the apparatus comprising:
i) a catalyst regenerator for regenerating catalyst by contact with oxygen containing gas to produce regenerated catalyst;
ii) a standpipe for recycling the regenerated catalyst from the catalyst regenerator to a cracking zone;
iii) a stripping means for stripping inert gases from the regenerated catalyst as the catalyst flows from the regenerator;
iv) a riser for receiving the stripped catalyst; and
v) a FCC catalyst charge heater for preheating FCC feedstocks;
vi) wherein the FCC catalyst charge heater is a catalyst cooler;
vii) wherein the FCC catalyst charge heater is used in conjunction with an FCC catalyst heater in the regenerator; and
viii) wherein stripping steam is used to control the heat transfer coefficient of the catalyst charge heater to achieve the desired feed temperature.
2. An FCC apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the FCC catalyst charge heater is configured to maintain unit heat balance in the catalytic cracking unit.
3. An FCC apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the FCC catalyst charge heater is a catalyst cooler external to the regenerator.
4. An FCC apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the FCC catalyst charge heater is a catalyst cooler external to the regenerator with a flowthrough or backmixed catalyst flow configuration.
5. An FCC apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the FCC catalyst charge heater further comprises a feed inlet for FCC feed to enter the catalyst cooler and a feed outlet for the FCC feed to exit the catalyst cooler.
6. An FCC apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the use of the catalyst charge heater increases the liquid volume yield of transportation fuels.
7. An FCC apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a catalyst outlet for conveying catalyst from the FCC catalyst charge heater to the regenerator.
8. An FCC apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the use of the catalyst charge heater debottlenecks the FCC capacity thereby allowing higher feed rates at constant CO2 emissions.
9. An FCC apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the use of the catalyst charge heater results in lower coke yield decreasing NOx, SOx and COx emissions.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A fragrance emitting patch comprising:
a primary layer having a top and a bottom surface;
a secondary layer having a top and a bottom surface; and
an intermediate layer arranged between the primary and secondary layers, the intermediate layer provided with an oil based fragrance; and
wherein the intermediate layer is a mineral oil polymer blend microporous film.
2. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 1, further comprising a positioning adhesive arranged on the bottom surface of the secondary layer.
3. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer is provided with the fragrance in an amount greater than about 3 gsm.
4. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 3, wherein the intermediate layer is provided with the fragrance in an amount within the range of about 3 gsm and about 15 gsm.
5. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 1, wherein the primary layer is a nonwoven material.
6. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 2, wherein an absolute difference of a Hildebrand solubility parameter of the positioning adhesive and a Hildebrand solubility parameter of the fragrance is greater than 1.5.
7. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 1, wherein the primary layer is secured to the secondary layer in an adhesive-free manner thereby entrapping the intermediate layer between the primary and secondary layers.
8. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 1, wherein the primary layer is secured to the secondary layer by means of a construction adhesive.
9. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 8, wherein an absolute difference of a Hildebrand solubility parameter of the construction adhesive and the Hildebrand solubility parameter of the fragrance is greater than 1.5.
10. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer is secured to at least one of the primary layer and the secondary layer by means of a construction adhesive.
11. The fragrance emitting patch according to claim 10, wherein an absolute difference of a Hildebrand solubility parameter of the construction adhesive and the Hildebrand solubility parameter of the fragrance is greater than 1.5.