1. A method for rate matching in equipment used in connection with a radio access network, the method using a rate-matching algorithm based on determining a starting parameter eini, the method characterized by:
a step of determining a characteristic distance D for an encoded block equal to the average distance between punctured bits for the encoded block when the average distance between punctured bits is greater than two, or equal to the average distance between transmitted bits when the average distance between punctured bits for the encoded block is less than two, or equal to two otherwise; and
a step of determining a new value of the starting parameter eini based on a cycling term having a value depending on a retransmission parameter R, the retransmission parameter R having a predetermined initial value for an original transmission and having different values for at least some subsequent retransmissions, the cycling term also depending on the characteristic distance D so as to never have a value exceeding a predetermined maximum value;
thereby providing retransmission with incremental redundancy.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined maximum value is one less than the characteristic distance D.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio access network implements Flexible Layer One (FLO).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the rate matching includes either repeating bits of an encoded block of a transport channel or puncturing bits of an encoded block of a transport channel so as to provide over the transport channel a rate-matched encoded block having a number of bits sufficient to ensure a predetermined total channel bit rate for a transmission time interval after multiplexing with all other transport channels to be transmitted by a same physical channel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio access network is a GSMEDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio access network is a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the retransmission parameter R is zero for the original transmission.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the value of the retransmission parameter R for the original transmission is incremented by one for each successive retransmission.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cycling term is given by the expression R mod D.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the characteristic distance D is determined according to:
D
=
e
plus
e
minus
\u2062
\u2062
for
\u2062
\u2062
e
plus
e
minus
>
2
,
and
D
=
e
plus
e
plus
–
e
minus
\u2062
\u2062
for
\u2062
\u2062
e
plus
e
minus
<
2
,
and otherwise,
D=2,
wherein and eplus and eminus are either as set out in 3GPP TR 45.902 or are as follows:
eplus=2\xd7Ni,j, and
eminus=2\xd7|\u0394Nij|,
in which: Ni,j is the number of bits in an encoded block before rate matching on transport channel i wihth transport format combination j; and \u0394Ni,j=Zi,j\u2212Zi-1,j\u2212Ni,j for i=1 . . . I, where I is the number of active transport channels, and
Z0,j=0, and
Z
i
,
j
=
\u230a
(
\u2211
m
=
1
i
\u2062
\u2062
RM
m
\xd7
N
m
,
j
)
\xd7
N
data
\u2211
m
=
1
I
\u2062
\u2062
RM
m
\xd7
N
m
,
j
\u230b
,
with RMi the semi-static rate matching attribute for transport channel i, and Ndata the total number of bits available in a radio block for the coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH) corresponding to the active transport channels.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting parameter is determined according to:
eini=1+(R mod D)\xd7eminus for
\u2062
e
plus
e
minus
\u2265
2
,
and
eini=1(R mod D)\xd7(eplus\u2212eminus) for
e
plus
e
minus
<
2
,
wherein eplus and eminus are either as set out in 3GPP TR 45.902 or are as follows:
eplus=2\xd7Ni,j, and
eminus=2\xd7|\u0394Ni,j|,
in which: Ni,j is the number of bits in an encoded block before rate matching on transport channel i with transport format combination j; and \u0394Ni,j=Zi,j\u2212Zi-1,j\u2212Ni,j for i=1 . . . I, where I is the number of active transport channels, and
Z0,j=0, and
Z
i
,
j
=
\u230a
(
\u2211
m
=
1
i
\u2062
\u2062
RM
m
\xd7
N
m
,
j
)
\xd7
N
data
\u2211
m
=
1
I
\u2062
\u2062
RM
m
\xd7
N
m
,
j
\u230b
,
with RMi the semi-static rate matching attribute for transport channel i, and Ndata the total number of bits available in a radio block for the coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH) corresponding to the active transport channels.
12. A transmitter of a radio access network, characterized in that it comprises means for performing the steps of claim 1.
13. A transmitter of a wireless terminal for communicating with a radio access network, characterized in that it comprises means for performing the steps of claim 1.
14. A system, comprising a transmitter of a radio access network and also a transmitter of a wireless terminal for communicating with the radio access network, the transmitters characterized in that each comprises means for performing the steps of claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A receiver comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas configured to receive signals;
a beam former configured to generate a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset with respect to each other;
said beam former including a control unit configured to periodically switch a beam set for receiving the signals among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
a beam selector configured to select a beam from the switched beam set among the generated beams; and,
a processor configured to determine estimated data symbols from the received signals via the selected beam, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
2. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the beam selector is configured to select the beam with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each wireless transmitreceive unit (WTRU).
3. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the beam selector is configured to select beams having a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above a predetermined threshold.
4. The receiver of claim 3 further comprising a maximal-ratio combiner configured to maximal-ratio combine the selected beams for each WTRU.
5. The receiver of claim 1 wherein estimated data symbols are obtained using each beam wherein communications are received.
6. The receiver of claim 1 wherein at least two sets of beams are generated.
7. The receiver of claim 6 wherein the at least two sets of beam are offset with respect to each other.
8. The receiver of claim 7 wherein the at least two sets of beams are offset wherein beam centers of beams in a first beam set are located at midpoints between two adjacent beam centers of beams in a second beam set.
9. The receiver of claim 7 wherein the control unit is configured to periodically toggle between the at least two sets of beams.
10. The receiver of claim 9 wherein the control unit toggles between the at least two sets of beams on a per frame basis.
11. A receiver comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas configured to receive signals;
a beam former configured to generate a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset each other, and a beam set for receiving the signals being periodically switched among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
a plurality of first data estimators for performing matched filtering of the received signals;
a summer configured to sum the output of the plurality of first data estimators; and
a second data estimator configured to generate estimated data symbols by performing a Cholesky decomposition, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
12. The receiver of claim 11 wherein the beam former generates at least two sets of beams wherein a control unit periodically switches between the at least two sets of beams.
13. The receiver of claim 12 wherein the at least two sets of beam are offset with respect to each other.
14. The receiver of claim 13 wherein the at least two sets of beams are offset wherein beam centers of beams in a first beam set are located at midpoints between two adjacent beam centers of beams in a second beam set.
15. The receiver of claim 14 wherein the control unit is configured to periodically toggle between the at least two sets of beams.
16. The receiver of claim 15 wherein the control unit toggles between the at least two sets of beams on a per frame basis.
17. A method for enhancing reception of wireless communication signals, the method comprising:
providing an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas;
receiving signals with the antenna array;
generating a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams;
grouping the plurality of beams into at least two beam groups, the beam groups being offset each other;
switching a beam group for receiving the signals periodically among at least two beam groups in turn in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam group by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam groups;
selecting at least one beam from the switched beam group for processing; and,
determining estimated data symbols using the received signals via the selected beam, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the beam with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is selected for processing for each transmitter from which a signal is detected.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein any number of beams having a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above a predetermined threshold are selected for processing for each transmitter from which a signal is detected using a diversity combining scheme.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the diversity combining scheme is maximal-ratio combining.
21. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least two groups of beams are offset with respect to each other.
22. A method for enhancing reception of wireless communication signals, the method comprising:
providing an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas;
receiving signals with the antennas;
generating a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset each other, and a beam set for receiving the signals being switched periodically among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
performing matched filtering with a plurality of first data estimators;
summing output of the plurality of first data estimators; and,
performing a Cholesky decomposition in a second data estimator for generating estimated data symbols, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
23. A base station comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas configured to receive signals;
a beam former configured to generate a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset each other;
said beam former including a control unit configured to periodically switch a beam set for receiving the signals among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
a beam selector configured to select a beam from a switched beam set; and,
a processor configured to determine estimated data symbols from the selected beam, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
24. The base station of claim 23 wherein the beam selector is configured to select the beam with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each WTRU.
25. The base station of claim 23 wherein the beam selector is configured to select beams having a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above a predetermined threshold.
26. The base station of claim 25 further comprising a maximal-ratio combiner configured to maximal-ratio combine the selected beams for each WTRU.
27. The base station of claim 23 wherein estimated data symbols are obtained using each beam wherein communications are received.
28. The base station of claim 23 wherein at least two sets of beams are generated.
29. The base station of claim 28 wherein the at least two sets of beam are offset with respect to each other.
30. The base station of claim 29 wherein the at least two sets of beams are offset wherein beam centers of beams in a first beam set are located at midpoints between two adjacent beam centers of beams in a second beam set.
31. The base station of claim 29 wherein the control unit is configured to periodically toggle between the at least two sets of beams.
32. The base station of claim 31 wherein the control unit toggles between the at least two sets of beams on a per frame basis.
33. An integrated circuit comprising:
an input configured to receive signals from an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas;
a beam former configured to generate a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams from the received signals, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset each other;
said beam former including a control unit configured to switch a beam set for receiving the signals periodically among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
a beam selector configured to select a beam from a switched beam set; and,
a processor configured to determine estimated data symbols from the selected beam, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
34. The integrated circuit of claim 33 wherein the beam selector is configured to select the beam with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each WTRU.
35. The integrated circuit of claim 33 wherein the beam selector is configured to select beams having a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above a predetermined threshold.
36. The integrated circuit of claim 35 further comprising a maximal-ratio combiner configured to maximal-ratio combine the selected beams for each WTRU.
37. The integrated circuit of claim 33 wherein estimated data symbols are obtained using each beam wherein communications are received.
38. The integrated circuit of claim 33 wherein at least two sets of beams are generated.
39. The integrated circuit of claim 38 wherein the at least two sets of beam are offset with respect to each other.
40. The integrated circuit of claim 39 wherein the at least two sets of beams are offset wherein beam centers of beams in a first beam set are located at midpoints between two adjacent beam centers of beams in a second beam set.
41. The integrated circuit of claim 39 wherein the control unit is configured to periodically toggle between the at least two sets of beams.
42. The integrated circuit of claim 41 wherein the control unit toggles between the at least two sets of beams on a per frame basis.