1. A method for determining coordinates for a destination system, the coordinates identifying a location of at least one selected point on a surface of an object from data provided from a source system, the data comprising source system reference coordinates for three reference points marked on the surface of the object and source system coordinates for the at least one selected point, the method comprising:
providing the destination system with the source system reference coordinates and the source system coordinates for the at least one selected point;
selecting pairs of the source system reference coordinates;
identifying destination system reference coordinates from the three reference points;
estimating at least three axial rotation angles of the reference points identified by the destination system reference coordinates relative to the reference points identified by the source system reference coordinates, wherein the axial rotation angles are determined by comparing the pairs of the source reference coordinates with corresponding pairs of the destination reference coordinates;
estimating system axial origin offset values based on the source system reference coordinates and the destination system reference coordinates;
calculating estimated coordinates of each destination system reference point based on at least one of the axial rotation angles, the system axial origin offset values and source reference coordinates;
comparing the estimated coordinates of the destination system reference points with the destination system reference coordinates to determine which estimated axial rotation angle provides a least error value; and
determining the destination system coordinates of the location of the at least one selected point from the system axial origin offset values, source coordinates for the at least one selected point and the estimated axial rotation angle that provides the least error value.
2. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 1, wherein the estimating axial rotation angles performs the calculation:
\u03b8=tan\u22121 {(y2\u2212y1)(x2\u2212x1)}\u2212tan\u22121 {(Y2\u2212Y1)(X2\u2212X1)},
wherein \u03b8 is an axial rotational angle, x1, y1 and x2, y2 correspond to coordinates for a selected pair of source reference points P1, P2; and X1, Y1 and X2, Y2 correspond to destination reference coordinates for the source reference points.
3. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 2, wherein the axial origin offset values are based on estimated axial origin offset values of the destination system axes compared with the source system axes for each of the axial rotation angles.
4. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 1, wherein the estimating axial origin offset values performs the calculation:
\u03b4x=X\u2212(x cos \u03b8+y sin \u03b8)Udr,
wherein \u03b4x is an axial origin offset value along the X axis; X is a destination system reference coordinate for a reference point P1; x and y are source system reference coordinates for same the reference point P1; and Udr is an axial value conversion coefficient.
5. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 4, wherein the axial value conversion coefficient is estimated by the calculation:
Udr=SQRT{(y2\u2212y1)2+(x2\u2212x1)2(Y2\u2212Y1)2+(X2\u2212X1)2}.
6. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 1, wherein the calculating estimated coordinates of each destination system reference point performs the calculations:
X\u2032=((x cos \u03b8+y1 sin \u03b8)Udr)+\u03b4x;
Y\u2032=((\u2212x sin \u03b8+y1 cos \u03b8)Udr)*XY+\u03b4y,
wherein X\u2032 and Y\u2032 are estimated destination system coordinates for destination system reference point; \u03b4x is an axial origin offset value along the X axis; \u03b4y is an axial origin offset value along the Y axis; Udr is an axial value conversion coefficient; and XY is a scaling value.
7. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 1, wherein the comparing coordinates includes calculating error values by comparing estimated destination coordinates of each destination system reference point with the actual destination system reference coordinates.
8. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 7, wherein the calculating error values is performed by the calculation:
Er=SQRT(X\u2212X\u2032)2+(Y\u2212Y\u2032)2,
wherein Er is the error value, X\u2032 and Y\u2032 are estimated destination system coordinates for destination system reference point; \u03b4x is an axial origin offset value along the X axis; and \u03b4y is an axial origin offset value along the Y axis.
9. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 1, wherein the estimating the destination system coordinates is performed by the calculations:
X\u2032=((x cos \u03b8+y sin \u03b8)Udr)+\u03b4x;
Y\u2032=((\u2212x cos \u03b8+y sin \u03b8)Udr)*XY+\u03b4y,
wherein X\u2032 and Y\u2032 are the estimated destination system coordinates for the at least one selected point; x and y are the source system coordinates for the at least one selected point; \u03b4x is the system axial origin offset value along the X axis; \u03b4y is the system axial origin offset value along the Y axis; \u03b8 is an axial rotational angle that provides the least error value Er; Udr is an axial value conversion coefficient; and XY is a scaling value.
10. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 1, wherein the estimating the destination system coordinates is characterized by the axial value conversion coefficient being an adjusted axial value conversion coefficient that reduces the error value Er.
11. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 10, wherein the estimating the destination system coordinates is characterized by the axial value conversion coefficient being an adjusted axial value conversion coefficient that substantially minimise the error value.
12. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 11, wherein the estimating the destination system coordinates is characterized by the estimated axial rotation angle being adjusted estimated axial rotation angle that reduce the error value.
13. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 12, wherein the estimating the destination system coordinates is characterized by the estimated axial rotation angle being adjusted estimated axial rotation angle that substantially minimises the error value.
14. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 1, wherein the estimating the destination system coordinates is characterized by the estimating taking into account an axis scaling value of the destination system axes.
15. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 14, wherein the axis scaling value, adjusted axial value conversion coefficient and adjusted estimated axial rotation angle substantially minimise the error value.
16. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 15, wherein the axis scaling value, adjusted axial value conversion coefficient values and adjusted estimated axial rotation angle are determined by multi-parameter regression analysis.
17. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 16, wherein the at least one selected point indicates a position of a fault on a semiconductor die detected by the source system.
18. The method for determining coordinates for a destination system of claim 17, wherein the source system comprises an OBIRCH system and the destination system comprises a FIB system.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A hand-operable feces collection apparatus for catching animal excrements prior to reaching a ground surface, said hand-operable feces collection apparatus comprising:
an elongated curvilinear handle;
an annular ring attached to a distal end of said curvilinear handle, said annular ring having open top and bottom surfaces such that a hollow passageway is transversely defined through an inner perimeter thereof; and
a retention bag attached directly to said annular ring in such a manner that said retention bag is maintained at a substantially stable position while receiving the animal excrements therein;
wherein said retention bag is configured in such a manner that a user may detach said retention bag from said annular ring while maintaining both hands spaced away from said retention bag;
wherein the animal excrement is prohibited from landing on the ground surface and remains confined within said retention bag during collection procedures;
means for resiliently adjusting a diameter of said annular ring such that said retention bag is caused to automatically disengage said annular ring and freely fall downwardly through said hollow passageway;
wherein said resiliently adjusting means is manually actuated by the user and enables the user to discard said retention bag without directly contacting the animal excrements;
wherein the user remains spaced apart from said annular ring while said resiliently adjusting means is actuated by the user.
2. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said resiliently adjusting means comprises:
a rectilinear track connected directly to a proximal end of said curvilinear handle;
a lever slidably abutted to said track and being configured in such a manner that said lever is reciprocated therealong while the user maintains a grip at said proximal end of said curvilinear handle;
a plurality of rings positioned about said curvilinear handle and juxtaposed along a longitudinal length thereof; and
a resiliently elastic cable formed from flexible material, said resiliently elastic cable being interfitted through each of said rings in such a manner that said resiliently elastic cable is freely reciprocated through said rings while remaining proximately disposed adjacent to said curvilinear handle respectively.
3. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 2, where said annular ring comprises:
a semi-circular hollow female sleeve directly coupled to a distal end of said curvilinear handle and extending downwardly away therefrom, said hollow female sleeve having first and second opposed open ends protruding away from said curvilinear handle; and
a semi-circular solid male core positioned within said hollow female sleeve, said hollow female sleeve and said solid male core collectively define a circumference of said annular ring;
wherein each of said hollow female sleeve and said solid male core are formed from resilient material and maintain a telescoping relationship along respective non-linear longitudinal lengths thereof.
4. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 3, wherein said resiliently elastic cable comprises: a bifurcated distal end having first and second diverging regions extending away from said distal end of said curvilinear handle, each of said first and second diverging regions traveling along mutually exclusive arcuate paths defined along partial circumferential lengths of said hollow female sleeve, each of said first and second diverging regions being fixedly anchored to a corresponding end of said solid male core and arranged in such a manner that said solid male core is urged along said hollow female sleeve when said lever is reciprocated along a linear path, said ends of said solid male core being displaced towards and away from said distal end of said curvilinear handle based upon corresponding proximal and distal displacement of said lever to thereby decrease and increase said diameter of said annular ring respectively.
5. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 4, where said retention bag comprises: an arcuate edge formed along a top-most opening thereof and traveling along an entire circumference of said retention bag, said arcuate edge being pliant and adjustably engaged about an entire circumference of said annular ring wherein a closed bottom end of said retention bag is passed through said hollow passageway and suspended below said annular ring.
6. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 5, wherein said arcuate edge is entirely displaced and separated from said annular ring when said solid male core is telescopically displaced along said hollow female sleeve while traveling towards said distal end of said curvilinear handle so that said retention bag is automatically dropped through said hollow passageway while remaining spaced from the user.
7. A hand-operable feces collection apparatus for catching animal excrements prior to reaching a ground surface, said hand-operable feces collection apparatus comprising:
an elongated curvilinear handle;
an annular ring attached to a distal end of said curvilinear handle, said annular ring having open top and bottom surfaces such that a hollow passageway is transversely defined through an inner perimeter thereof; and
a retention bag attached directly to said annular ring in such a manner that said retention bag is maintained at a substantially stable position while receiving the animal excrements therein, said retention bag having a draw string attached thereto for adapting said retention bag between open and closed positions;
wherein said retention bag is configured in such a manner that a user may detach said retention bag from said annular ring while maintaining both hands spaced away from said retention bag;
wherein the animal excrement is prohibited from landing on the ground surface and remains confined within said retention bag during collection procedures;
means for resiliently adjusting a diameter of said annular ring such that said retention bag is caused to automatically disengage said annular ring and freely fall downwardly through said hollow passageway;
wherein said resiliently adjusting means is manually actuated by the user and enables the user to discard said retention bag without directly contacting the animal excrements;
wherein the user remains spaced apart from said annular ring while said resiliently adjusting means is actuated by the user.
8. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 7, wherein said resiliently adjusting means comprises:
a rectilinear track connected directly to a proximal end of said curvilinear handle;
a lever slidably abutted to said track and being configured in such a manner that said lever is reciprocated therealong while the user maintains a grip at said proximal end of said curvilinear handle;
a plurality of rings positioned about said curvilinear handle and juxtaposed along a longitudinal length thereof; and
a resiliently elastic cable formed from flexible material, said resiliently elastic cable being interfitted through each of said rings in such a manner that said resiliently elastic cable is freely reciprocated through said rings while remaining proximately disposed adjacent to said curvilinear handle respectively.
9. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 8, where said annular ring comprises:
a semi-circular hollow female sleeve directly coupled to a distal end of said curvilinear handle and extending downwardly away therefrom, said hollow female sleeve having first and second opposed open ends protruding away from said curvilinear handle; and
a semi-circular solid male core engaged about said hollow female sleeve, said solid male core and said hollow female sleeve collectively define a circumference of said annular ring;
wherein each of said hollow female sleeve and said solid male core are formed from resilient material and maintain a telescoping relationship along respective non-linear longitudinal lengths thereof.
10. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 9, wherein said resiliently elastic cable comprises: a bifurcated distal end having first and second diverging regions extending away from said distal end of said curvilinear handle, each of said first and second diverging regions traveling along mutually exclusive arcuate paths defined along partial circumferential lengths of said hollow female sleeve, each of said first and second diverging regions being fixedly anchored to a corresponding end of said solid male core and arranged in such a manner that said solid male core is urged along said hollow female sleeve when said lever is reciprocated along a linear path, said ends of said solid male core being displaced towards and away from said distal end of said curvilinear handle based upon corresponding proximal and distal displacement of said lever to thereby decrease and increase said diameter of said annular ring respectively.
11. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 10, where said retention bag comprises: an arcuate edge formed along a top-most opening thereof and traveling along an entire circumference of said retention bag, said arcuate edge being pliant and adjustably engaged about an entire circumference of said annular ring wherein a closed bottom end of said retention bag is passed through said hollow passageway and suspended below said annular ring.
12. The hand-operable collection apparatus of claim 11, wherein said arcuate edge is entirely displaced and separated from said annular ring when said solid male core is telescopically displaced along said hollow female sleeve while traveling towards said distal end of said curvilinear handle so that said retention bag is automatically dropped through said hollow passageway while remaining spaced from the user.