1-20. (canceled)
21. For a first middlebox element operating in a first host, a method comprising:
providing a middlebox service for a logical middlebox to a virtual machine (VM) operating in the first host, wherein the first middlebox element is one of a plurality of middlebox elements operating in a plurality of hosts that implement the logical middlebox to provide the middlebox service to a plurality of VMs operating in the plurality of hosts, the plurality of VMs logically connected through a logical network that includes the logical middlebox;
receiving a notification from a migration module before the VM migrates from the first host to a second host;
supplying middlebox state information relating to the VM to the migration module, wherein the migration module subsequently sends the middlebox state information to the second host when the VM migrates to the second host, in order for a second middlebox application operating in the second host to continue providing the middlebox service to the VM operating in the second host.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the logical middlebox is one of a load balancer, network address translation, and firewall.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the logical network includes a set of logical forwarding elements that are implemented in a plurality of managed switching elements that operate in the plurality of hosts.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the plurality of VMs and the logical middlebox are logically connected to the logical forwarding elements.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein the migration module sends the middlebox state information to a migration module operating in the second host.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein the migration module operates within a hypervisor of the host machine.
27. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second middlebox applications receive configuration data generated by a same network controller that is further for generating data for configuring managed forwarding elements operating on the plurality of hosts to implement the logical network of which the logical middlebox is a part.
28. The method of claim 21, wherein the migration module facilitates migration of the VM to the second host.
29. The method of claim 21, wherein the middlebox service is a first middlebox service, the VM is a first VM, the logical middlebox is a first logical middlebox, and the plurality of VMs operating in the plurality of hosts are a first plurality of VMs operating in a first plurality of hosts, the method further comprising providing a second middlebox service for a second logical middlebox to a second VM operating in the first host, wherein the first middlebox element is one of a second plurality of middlebox elements operating in a second plurality of hosts that implement the second logical middlebox to provide the second middlebox service to a second plurality of VMs operating in the second plurality of hosts, the second plurality of VMs logically connected through a second logical network that includes the second logical middlebox.
30. The method of claim 29 further comprising:
receiving a notification from the migration module before the second VM migrates from the first host to a third host;
supplying middlebox state information relating to the second VM to the migration module, wherein the migration module subsequently sends the middlebox state information relating to the second VM to the third host when the second VM migrates to the third host.
31. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a first middlebox element for execution by at least one processing unit of a first host, the middlebox element comprising sets of instructions for:
providing a middlebox service for a logical middlebox to a virtual machine (VM) operating in the first host, wherein the first middlebox element is one of a plurality of middlebox elements operating in a plurality of hosts that implement the logical middlebox to provide the middlebox service to a plurality of VMs operating in the plurality of hosts, the plurality of VMs logically connected through a logical network that includes the logical middlebox;
receiving a notification from a migration module before the VM migrates from the first host to a second host;
supplying middlebox state information relating to the VM to the migration module, wherein the migration module subsequently sends the middlebox state information to the second host when the VM migrates to the second host, in order for a second middlebox application operating in the second host to continue providing the middlebox service to the VM operating in the second host.
32. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 31, wherein the logical middlebox is one of a load balancer, network address translation, and firewall.
33. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 31, wherein the logical network includes a set of logical forwarding elements that are implemented in a plurality of managed switching elements that operate in the plurality of hosts.
34. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein the plurality of VMs and the logical middlebox are logically connected to the logical forwarding elements.
35. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 31, wherein the migration module sends the middlebox state information to a migration module operating in the second host.
36. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 31, wherein the migration module operates within a hypervisor of the host machine.
37. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 31, wherein the first and second middlebox applications receive configuration data generated by a same network controller that is further for generating data for configuring managed forwarding elements operating on the plurality of hosts to implement the logical network of which the logical middlebox is a part.
38. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 31, wherein the migration module facilitates migration of the VM to the second host.
39. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the middlebox service is a first middlebox service, the VM is a first VM, the logical middlebox is a first logical middlebox, and the plurality of VMs operating in the plurality of hosts are a first plurality of VMs operating in a first plurality of hosts, the program further comprising a set of instructions for providing a second middlebox service for a second logical middlebox to a second VM operating in the first host, wherein the first middlebox element is one of a second plurality of middlebox elements operating in a second plurality of hosts that implement the second logical middlebox to provide the second middlebox service to a second plurality of VMs operating in the second plurality of hosts, the second plurality of VMs logically connected through a second logical network that includes the second logical middlebox.
40. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 39, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
receiving a notification from the migration module before the second VM migrates from the first host to a third host;
supplying middlebox state information relating to the second VM to the migration module, wherein the migration module subsequently sends the middlebox state information relating to the second VM to the third host when the second VM migrates to the third host.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof:
wherein R1, R3, R6 and R8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted, a vinyl group which may be substituted, a thienyl group which may be substituted, or a pyrrolyl group which may be substituted, or represent an electron withdrawing group selected from a cyano group, a carboxy group, and an alkyloxycarbonyl group which may be substituted, R2 and R7 each represent a cyano group, R4 and R5 independently represent a halogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, or a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, and X represents a group represented by the following formula (A):
wherein R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, provided that 2 to 3 groups among R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, but all the groups do not simultaneously represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted,
wherein the compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof is non-fluorescent before reacting with peroxynitrite, and the compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof is fluorescent when the group represented by the formula (A) is nitrated after reacting with peroxynitrite.
2. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein R1, R3, R6 and R8 are methyl groups, R4 and R5 are fluorine atoms, and X is a group represented by the aforementioned formula (A), wherein the substituents have the same meanings as those defined above.
3. A compound represented by the following general formula (II):
wherein R21 and R22 independently represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, provided that both R21 and R22 do not simultaneously represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, R23, R25, R28 and R30 represent a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, R24 and R29 each represent a cyano group R26 and R27 independently represent a halogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, or a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, or a salt thereof,
wherein the compound represented by the formula (II) or a salt thereof is non-fluorescent before reacting with peroxynitrite, and the compound represented by the formula (II) or a salt thereof is fluorescent when the benzene ring to which R21 and R22 bind is nitrated after reacting with peroxynitrite.
4. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 3, wherein R21 and R22 consist of a combination of hydroxy group and a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, R23, R25, R28 and R30 are C1-8 alkyl groups which may be substituted, nd R26 and R27 are fluorine atoms.
5. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 3, wherein R21 and R22 consist of a combination of a hydroxy group and a mono-carboxy group-substituted C1-4 alkoxy group, R23, R25, R28 and R30 are C1-4 alkyl groups, and R26 and R27 are fluorine atoms.
6. A compound represented by the following general formula (III) or a salt thereof:
wherein R41, R43, R46 and R48 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted, a vinyl group which may be substituted, a thienyl group which may be substituted, or a pyrrolyl group which may be substituted, or represent an electron withdrawing group selected from a cyano group, a carboxy group, and an alkyloxycarbonyl group which may be substituted, R42 and R47 each represent a cyano group, R44 and R45 independently represent a halogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, or a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, and Y represents a group represented by the following formula (B):
wherein R51, R52, R53 and R54 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, provided that 2 to 3 groups among R51, R52, R53 and R54 represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, but all the groups do not simultaneously represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted,
wherein the compound represented by the formula (III) or a salt thereof is fluorescent.
7. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 6, wherein R41, R43, R46 and R48 are methyl groups, R44 and R45 are fluorine atoms, and Y is a group represented by the formula (B), wherein in the formula (B), R51 is a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, R52 and R53 are hydrogen atoms, and R54 is hydroxy group.
8. A compound represented by the following general formula (IV):
wherein R61 and R62 independently represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, provided that both R61 and R62 do not simultaneously represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, R63, R65, R68 and R70 represent a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, R64 and R69 each represent a cyano group, and R66 and R67 independently represent a halogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted or a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, or a salt thereof,
wherein the compound represented by the formula (IV) or a salt thereof is fluorescent.
9. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 8, wherein R63, R65, R68 and R70 are methyl groups, R66 and R67 are fluorine atoms, R61 is hydroxy group, and R62 is a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted.
10. The compound or a salt thereof according to claim 8, wherein R63, R65, R68 and R70 are methyl groups, R66 and R67 are fluorine atoms, R61 is a hydroxy group, and R62 is a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or a carboxymethoxy group.
11. A method for measuring peroxynitrite, which comprises the following:
(a) reacting a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof and peroxynitrite:
wherein R1, R3, R6 and R8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted, a vinyl group which may be substituted, a thienyl group which may be substituted, or a pyrrolyl group which may be substituted, or represent an electron withdrawing group selected from a cyano group, a carboxy group, and an alkyloxycarbonyl group which may be substituted, R2 and R7 each represent a cyano group, R4 and R5 independently represent a halogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, or a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, and X represents a group represented by the following formula (A):
wherein R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, provided that 2 to 3 groups among R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, but all the groups do not simultaneously represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted,
wherein the compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof is non-fluorescent before reacting with peroxynitrite, and the compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof is fluorescent when the group represented by the formula (A) is nitrated after reacting with peroxynitrite, and
(b) measuring fluorescence intensity of a compound or a salt thereof represented by the following general formula (III) produced in the aforementioned (a):
wherein R41, R43, R46 and R48 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted, a vinyl group which may be substituted, a thienyl group which may be substituted, or a pyrrolyl group which may be substituted, or represent an electron withdrawing group selected from a cyano group, a carboxy group, and an alkyloxycarbonyl group which may be substituted, R42 and R47 each represent a cyano group, R44 and R45 independently represent a halogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, or a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, and Y represents a group represented by the following formula (B):
wherein R51, R52, R53 and R54 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-8 alkyl group which may be substituted, a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, provided that 2 to 3 groups among R51, R52, R53 and R54 represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted, a hydroxy group, an amino group, wherein the amino group comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, a thiol group or a selenol group, but all the groups do not simultaneously represent a C1-8 alkoxy group which may be substituted,
wherein the compound represented by the formula (III) or the salt thereof is fluorescent.
12. The compound or salt thereof according to claim 1 which is 2,6-dicyano-8-(4-hydroxy-2-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene.