1. A press-stud with lateral locking comprising:
a male component having:
a mushroom-shaped element including a stem and a head protruding at a free end of said stem, with said head having cross-sectional dimensions which are larger than cross-sectional dimensions of said stem; and
a female component having:
a seat for accommodating, upon insertion, said head of the mushroom-shaped element;
an opening including a first larger part and a second smaller part, said second smaller part having opening dimensions intermediate between the cross-sectional dimensions of said stem and those of said head;
elastic contrast elements for elastically urging said head during insertion and extraction thereof occurring upon movement of the head, over said elements, from said first part to said second part of said opening and viceversa; and a dome-shaped element which engages a hole formed at the bottom of said seat, said dome-shaped element being made of plastics.
2. The press-stud of claim 1, wherein said elastic contrast elements are constituted by a raised portion which rises from a bottom part of said seat, said raised portion being made of a material which ensures elasticity characteristics.
3. The press-stud of claim 1, wherein said elastic contrast elements are constituted by a curved elastic tab which is arranged at a bottom part of said seat.
4. The press-stud of claim 3, wherein said tab protrudes from the rim of said first part of said opening that is larger than said head, said tab having a first inclined flat portion and second curved elastic portion, said second elastic portion being arranged at the bottom of said seat and extending at said second part of the opening whose dimensions are intermediate between the dimensions of said head and said stem of the male component, said first portion acting as a chute in order to facilitate insertion of said head in said seat.
5. The press-stud of claim 1, wherein said opening has a first part, which forms a wider opening profile whose dimensions are larger than the dimensions of said head, and a second elongated part, whose dimensions are intermediate between those of said head and those of said stem.
6. The press-stud of claim 5, wherein said second part of the opening runs substantially laterally with respect to the first part so as to define a direction for traction to be applied to the male component at mating.
7. The press-stud of claim 6, comprising an inclined flat portion that extends from a rim of said first part of the opening, said flat portion acting as a chute in order to facilitate the insertion of said head in the seat.
8. The press-stud of claim 7, comprising two wings protruding from a rim of said second part of the opening, each one of said wings extending from an opposite portion of a region connecting said first part to said second part of the opening, said wings acting as a guide for a sliding motion of the stem along said second part of the opening so as to avoid scraping.
9. The press-stud of claim 1, comprising; a centrally open upper dome; a base; a disk element which is interposed between the centrally open upper dome and the base, said disk element having three flexible sectors, arranged at 120\xb0 with respect to each other so as to form a Y-shaped opening in which a central access is formed, said central access being delimited by ends of said sectors, and said Y-shaped opening having three end portions arranged at 120\xb0 to each other, the cross-sectional dimensions of said head of the male component being greater than said central access so that said head enters said access by slightly flexing the ends of said sectors, said end portions of the opening having each a width corresponding to a cross-sectional diameter of said stem.
10. The press-stud of claim 9, comprising a shaped body which is interposed between said upper dome and said base and forms, in its upper part, said three flexible sectors arranged at 120\xb0 to each other which form said Y-shaped opening, said shaped body having a pin, and a bottom which forms a central raised portion which partially limits volume available inside said body and from which said pin.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for presenting fisheye-camera images, which employs a plurality of known optical parameters comprising a principal point, a focal length constant and a projection function obtained from a parameterized fisheye camera in order to transform an original image shot by the parameterized fisheye camera into a transformed image, the method comprises:
calculating a principal distance \u03c1 between an imaged point and the principal point in the original image and defining an azimuthal distance \u03b2 of the imaged point;
deriving a zenithal distance \u03b1 of the imaged point according to the principal distance \u03c1, the focal length constant and the projection function;
normalizing the imaged point onto a small sphere as a normalized imaged point according to the zenithal distance \u03b1 and the azimuthal distance \u03b2; and
projecting the normalized imaged point onto a projection surface as a transformed imaged point by means of a map projection in cartography in order to form the transformed image.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the map projection is constructed by four elements comprising a light-source position, the projection surface, the orientation of the projection surface and the tangency of the projection surface.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the light-source position is selected from the group comprising a gnomonic projection, a stereographic projection and an orthographic projection.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the projection surface is selected from the group comprising a cylinder, a cone and a plane.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the orientation of the projection surface is selected from the group comprising a normal projection, a transverse projection and an oblique projection.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the tangency of the projection surface is selected from the group comprising a tangent projection and a secant projection.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the zenithal distance \u03b1 is the angle extending from an optical axis of the parameterized fisheye camera to an incident ray which images the imaged point.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the azimuthal distance \u03b2 is the angle of the imaged point surrounding an optical axis of the parameterized fisheye camera by referring to a prime meridian or a mapping domain of the prime meridian.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the center of the small sphere is located at a viewpoint of the parameterized fisheye camera.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the imaged point is located within a user-defined area in the original image.
11. A method for presenting fisheye-camera images, which employs a plurality of known optical parameters comprising a principal point, a focal length constant and a projection function obtained from a parameterized fisheye camera in order to transform an imaged point into a normalized imaged point, the method comprises:
calculating a principal distance \u03c1 which is the distance between the imaged point and the principal point in an original image shot by the parameterized fisheye camera and defining an azimuthal distance \u03b2 corresponding to the imaged point;
deriving a zenithal distance \u03b1 corresponding to the imaged point according to the principal distance \u03c1, the focal length constant and the projection function; and
normalizing the imaged point onto a small sphere as the normalized imaged point according to the zenithal distance \u03b1 and the azimuthal distance \u03b2.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the zenithal distance \u03b1 is the angle extending from an optical axis of the parameterized fisheye camera to an incident ray which images the imaged point.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the azimuthal distance \u03b2 is the angle of the imaged point surrounding an optical axis of the parameterized fisheye camera by referring to a prime meridian or a mapping domain of the prime meridian.
14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the center of the small sphere is located at a viewpoint of the parameterized fisheye camera.
15. A method for presenting fisheye-camera images, which employs a plurality of known optical parameters comprising a principal point, a focal length constant and a projection function obtained from a parameterized fisheye camera in order to transform an original image shot by the parameterized fisheye camera into a panorama, the method comprises:
calculating a principal distance \u03c1 between an imaged point and the principal point in the original image and defining an azimuthal distance \u03b2 of the imaged point;
deriving a zenithal distance \u03b1 of the imaged point according to the principal distance \u03c1, the focal length constant and the projection function;
normalizing the imaged point onto a small sphere as a normalized imaged point according to the zenithal distance \u03b1 and the azimuthal distance \u03b2; and
projecting the normalized imaged point onto a cylindrical surface as a transformed imaged point by means of a gnomonic projection in cartography in order to form the panorama.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein an orientation of the projection surface is selected from the group comprising a normal projection, a transverse projection and an oblique projection.
17. The method according to claim 15, wherein a tangency of the projection surface is selected from the group comprising a tangent projection and a secant projection.
18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the zenithal distance \u03b1 is the angle extending from an optical axis of the parameterized fisheye camera to an incident ray which images the imaged point.
19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the azimuthal distance \u03b2 is the angle of the imaged point surrounding an optical axis of the parameterized fisheye camera by referring to a prime meridian or a mapping domain of the prime meridian.
20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the center of the small sphere is located at a viewpoint of the parameterized fisheye camera.
21. The method according to claim 15, wherein the imaged point is located within a user-defined area in the original image.
22. A method for presenting fisheye-camera images, which employs a plurality of known optical parameters comprising a principal point, a focal length constant and a projection function obtained from a parameterized fisheye camera in order to transform an original image shot by the parameterized fisheye camera into a perspective-corrected image, the method comprises:
calculating a principal distance \u03c1 between an imaged point and the principal point in the original image and defining an azimuthal distance \u03b2 of the imaged point;
deriving a zenithal distance \u03b1 of the imaged point according to the principal distance \u03c1, the focal length constant and the projection function;
normalizing the imaged point onto a small sphere as a normalized imaged point according to the zenithal distance \u03b1 and the azimuthal distance \u03b2; and
projecting the normalized imaged point onto a plane as a transformed imaged point by means of a gnomonic projection in cartography in order to form the perspective-corrected image.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein an orientation of the projection surface is selected from the group comprising a normal projection, a transverse projection and an oblique projection.
24. The method according to claim 22, wherein a tangency of the projection surface is selected from the group comprising a tangent projection and a secant projection.
25. The method according to claim 22, wherein the zenithal distance \u03b1 is the angle extending from an optical axis of the parameterized fisheye camera to an incident ray which images the imaged point.
26. The method according to claim 22, wherein the azimuthal distance \u03b2 is the angle of the imaged point surrounding an optical axis of the parameterized fisheye camera by referring to a prime meridian or a mapping domain of the prime meridian.
27. The method according to claim 22, wherein the center of the small sphere is located at a viewpoint of the parameterized fisheye camera.
28. The method according to claim 22, wherein the imaged point is located within a user-defined area in the original image.