1. An injection device comprising
a housing (10) containing a cartridge (170) with an amount of liquid to be dispensed,
a drive sleeve (41), which is rotationally constrained to the housing (10) during dose setting and spring driven rotatable relative to the housing (10) during dose dispensing,
a dose dial member (60) for setting a dose to be dispensed, which is rotatable relative to the housing (10) during dose setting and during dose dispensing, and which is rotationally coupled to the drive sleeve (41) during dose dispensing,
wherein the device further comprises a last dose protection mechanism (41, 50, 60) for preventing the setting of a dose, which exceeds the amount of liquid left in a cartridge (170), with a limiter (50), which is interposed between the drive sleeve (41) and the dose dial member (60), and wherein the device further comprises at least one, preferably two different, display member(s) (110, 120), for indicating the set dose.
2. The injection device according to claim 1, wherein the housing (10) has a first aperture or window (12), and wherein the display members comprise a dose indicator (120), which is positioned within the housing (10) and rotatable relative to the housing (10) during dose setting and during dose dispensing, and a gauge element (110), which is interposed between the housing (10) and the dose indicator (120), and which is axially guided within the housing (10) and in threaded engagement with the dose indicator (120) such that rotation of the dose indicator (120) causes an axial displacement of the gauge element (110), with a second aperture (111) or window being provided in the gauge element (110), which is positioned with respect to the first aperture or window (12) of the housing (10) such that at least a part of the dose indicator (120) is visible through the first and second apertures or windows (12, 111).
3. The injection device according to claim 2, wherein the dose dial member (60) is permanently rotationally constrained to the dose indicator (120).
4. The injection device according to any of claim 2 or 3, wherein the dose indicator (120) is a number sleeve having a series of numbers or symbols arranged on a helical line on its outer surface, and wherein the gauge element (110) has a distal part located on the distal side of the second aperture (111) or window and a proximal part located on the proximal side of the second aperture (111) or window, with the distal part and the proximal part having a different outer surface.
5. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the last dose protection mechanism comprises a nut member (50) as the limiter, which is rotationally constrained to the drive sleeve (41) and in threaded engagement with the dose dial member (60).
6. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the limiter (50) comprises a rotational stop and the dose dial member (60) comprises a corresponding counter stop, which abut if a dose is set, which exceeds the amount of liquid left in a cartridge (170).
7. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a piston rod (30) coupled to the drive sleeve (41), which piston rod (30) is rotationally constrained to the housing (10) during dose setting and is allowed to rotate during dose dispensing.
8. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a ratchet clutch (130), which is arranged between the drive sleeve (41) and the dose dial member (60), and which allows relative rotation of the drive sleeve (41) and the dose dial member (60) during dose setting and which rotationally constrains the drive sleeve (41) to the dose dial member (60) during dose dispensing.
9. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein during dose dispensing the drive sleeve (41) is coupled to a torsion spring (90), which is strained during dose setting.
10. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a limiter mechanism (121, 122) defining a maximum settable dose and a minimum settable dose.
11. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the cartridge (170) is located on a first longitudinal axis (I), which is parallel to and spaced from the second longitudinal axis (II), on which the drive sleeve (41) and the dose dial member (60) are located.
12. The injection device according to claim 11, wherein the two different display members (110, 120) are located on the second longitudinal axis (II).
13. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the length of the device before and after dose setting is the same.
14. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one first clicker (48, 131; 45, 102) producing an audible andor tactile first feedback during dose setting andor dose dispensing and a second clicker (123) producing an audible andor tactile second feedback, distinct from the first feedback, during dose dispensing when the device reaches its minimum dose (zero) position.
15. The injection device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the cartridge (170) contains a medicament.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for the treatment of liquid comprising organic waste-based material, the method comprising:
continuously introducing the material at the upper part of a vertical mixing vessel,
subjecting the introduced material to mixing,
passing the mixed material on into a first reactor tank for acid treatment, wherein the first reactor tank has disposed therein a first row of rotary processing means,
subjecting the mixed material to an impact action via the first row of rotary processing means as the mixed material therein sinks through the first reactor tank,
passing the material from the first reactor tank on into a second reactor tank for ammonia treatment, the second reactor tank having disposed therein a second row of rotary processing means,
subjecting the material in the second reactor tank to an impact action via the second row of rotary processing means as the material therein sinks through the second reactor tank, and
subsequently drying the material in a drier until a desired solids content is achieved,
wherein the first row of rotary processing means comprises a first set of arm-rings, the second row of rotary processing means comprises a second set of arm-rings, or both rows comprise a set of arm-rings, and wherein at least one arm-ring of the first row of rotary processing means, at least one arm-ring of the second row of rotary processing means, or both moves counter-currently to at least one other arm-ring of that row of rotary processing means.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising conducting exhaust steam, exhaust gas or both formed due to chemical reactions, mechanical treatment, or both, away from the mixing vessel, the first reactor tank, the second reactor tank, the drier, or a combination thereof to a collection point.
3. The method at claim 2, wherein the collection point comprises a condenser capable of transitioning the exhaust steam, the exhaust gas, or both to a liquid form.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the drier comprises two cylinders arranged in parallel having several levels of counter-rotating rotors, and wherein drying comprises feeding hot air through the drier in counterflow to a material movement direction and putting the material in vibration by means of a vibrating motor.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising feeding hot air through the mixing vessel, the first reactor tank, the second reactor tank, or a combination thereof in counterflow to the material movement direction therein.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising putting the material in the mixing vessel, the first reactor tank, the second reactor tank, or a combination thereof in vibration.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the desired solids content is in the range of 70-99%.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein acid treatment of the material in the first reactor tank further comprises reducing the pH of the material therein to a level between about 0.5 and 2, and increasing the temperature of the material therein to a temperature above about 70\xb0 C.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein ammonia treatment of the material in the second reactor tank further comprises increasing the pH of the material therein to a level of about 6 and increasing the temperature of the material therein to a temperature above about 90\xb0 C.
10. A system for the treatment of liquid comprising organic waste-based material by contact with chemicals selected from sulphuric acid, nitric acid, ammonia, and combinations thereof and vaporization and degasification of liquid from the material to increase the solids content thereof, the system comprising:
a vertical mixing vessel configured to mix the material,
a first reactor tank configured for acid treatment, wherein the first reactor tank has disposed therein a first row of rotary processing means,
a second reactor tank configured for ammonia treatment, wherein the second reactor tank has disposed therein a second row of rotary processing means, and
a drier configured for drying a material introduced therein to a desired solids content,
wherein the first row of rotary processing means comprises a first set of arm-rings, the second row of rotary processing means comprises a second set of arm-rings, or both rows comprise a set of arm-rings, and wherein at least one arm-ring of the first row of rotary processing means, at least one arm-ring of the second row of rotary processing means, or both moves counter-currently to at least one other arm-ring of that row of rotary processing means.
11. The system of claim 10, further comprising at least one duct configured to carry exhaust steam, exhaust gas, or both formed due to chemical reactions or mechanical treatment away from the mixing vessel, the first reactor tank, the second reactor tank, the drier, or a combination thereof, to a collection point.
12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a condenser fluidly connected with the at least one duct and configured to transform the exhaust steam, the exhaust gas, or both to a liquid form.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein the drier comprises two cylinders arranged in parallel having several levels of counter-rotating rotors and a vibrating motor configured to impart vibrations to a material therein, and wherein the drier is provided with means for flowing hot air in counterflow to a material movement direction within the drier during operation.
14. The system of claim 10, further comprising means for flowing hot air in counterflow direction to a material movement direction in the mixing vessel, the first reactor tank, the second reactor tank, or a combination thereof, during operation.
15. The system of claim 10, further comprising at least one vibrating means coupled with the mixing vessel, the first reactor tank, the second reactor tank, or a combination thereof.
16. The system of claim 10, wherein the drier is configured to dry a material therein to a solids content in the range of 70-99%.
17. The system of claim 16 wherein the drier is configured to dry a material therein to a solids content in the range of 85-90%.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid comprising organic waste-based material comprises sludge from a sewage disposal plant.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein acid treatment comprises sulphuric acid treatment, nitric acid treatment, or both.
20. The method of claim 7 wherein the desired solids content is in the range of 85-90%.