1. A battery cooling structure for an environmental-friendly vehicle, comprising:
a plurality of battery packs configured to supply power to a motor and arranged in parallel so as to be spaced a predetermined distance from each other inside a tire well;
an inflow duct disposed to provide fluid communication and connection with the interior of the vehicle such that the air inside the vehicle is sucked into the inflow duct;
a plurality of diverging ducts of which the number is equal to that of a number of battery packs, independently supplying the air to the respective battery packs which are arranged and spaced a predetermined distance from each other on a downstream side of the inflow duct, wherein the plurality of diverging ducts are formed from divergence of the inflow duct upstream from the plurality of battery packs so that an inlet and an outlet of each diverging duct are both upstream from the respective battery packs;
a lower duct disposed under the battery pack and configured to join diverging air flows; and
a cooling fan provided on the downstream side of the lower duct and configured to discharge the air to the outside.
2. The battery cooling structure as defined in claim 1, wherein the plurality of diverging ducts connected to the respective battery packs are arranged in parallel.
3. The battery cooling structure as defined in claim 1, wherein the battery packs are mounted on a front portion of the tire well inside a trunk.
4. The battery cooling structure as defined in claim 1, wherein the inflow duct is connected to a side surface of a rear seat of the vehicle.
5. The battery cooling structure as defined in claim 1, wherein a low voltage DC-DC converter (LDC) is disposed on the backside of the cooling fan, and a discharge duct connected to a trunk is provided behind the LDC.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Process for microencapsulation of phase change materials based on free radicals polymerization comprising:
a) the preparation of i) a solution with, at least, a hydrophilic liquid and a stabilizer (continuous phase) and ii) a solution with, at least, a phase change material, a free radical initiator and a polymerizable material (discontinuous phase),
b) the preparation of an emulsion by dispersing the discontinuous phase in the continuous phase under vigorous stirring, and
c) the polymerization of monomers until the phase change material becomes microencapsulated;
characterised in that the polymerizable material is a monomer selected from styrene, vinyltoluene, divinylbenzene, ethylstyrene, alpha-methylstyrene and chlorostyrene or mixtures thereof.
2. Process according to claim 1 wherein the hydrophilic liquid is selected from water, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, triacetin or mixtures thereof.
3. Process according to claim 2 wherein the hydrophilic liquid is present in 1-99% by weight, preferably 5-95% by weight, more preferably 10-90% by weight of the total emulsion.
4. Process according to claim 1 wherein the stabilizer is selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetals, polyvinyl lactams or mixtures thereof.
5. Process according to claim 4 wherein the stabilizer is selected from poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(N-vinylpiperidone), poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), poly(N-vinylcarbazole), poly(N-vinylimidazole) or mixtures thereof.
6. Process according to claim 4 wherein the stabilizer is present in 0.05-5% by weight, preferably 0.1-2% by weight, most preferably 0.25-1.5% by weight of the total emulsion.
7. Process according to claim 1 wherein the phase change material is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, ethers, glycol ethers, nitrile compounds, sulphur compounds, nitro compounds, oil components, polyols, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alcohols, amides, amines or mixtures thereof.
8. Process according to claim 7 wherein the phase change material is selected from tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, eicosane, docosane, petroleum ether, spirit, paraffin, cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, decalin, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, cumene, dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrachloromethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, ethylene chloride, chlorofluorocarbons, bromobenzene, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, alkyl myristate, alkyl palmitate, alkyl stearate, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, anisole, dioxane, tetrahydrofurane, dimethyl acetal, monoethyleneglycol ethers, diethyleneglycol ethers, polyethyleneglycol ethers, acetonitrile, carbon disulfide, sulfolan, nitromethane, nitrobenzene, myristyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, cetyl oleate, stearyl palmitate, terpenes, terpenoids, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, glycols, polyethyleneglycols, 1,2,3-propanetriol, caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, eicosanol, cetyl alcohol, myristic acid, palmitic acid, behenic acid, octanol, cyclohexanol, benzoyl alcohol, stearic acid amide, ethyleneisoleic acid amide, methylalolbehenic acid amide, N-phenyl-N\u2032-stearylurea, pyridine, or mixtures thereof.
9. Process according to claims 7 wherein the phase change material is present in 0.5-50% by weight, preferably 1-25% by weight of the total emulsion.
10. Process according to any claim 1 wherein the free radical initiator is selected from peroxy compounds, azo compounds, aliphatic peroxyesters or mixtures thereof.
11. Process according to claim 10 wherein the free radical initiator is selected from dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, bis(p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide), dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, tert-butylperoctoate, 2,5-bis(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, tert-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexane, 2,2\u2032-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2\u2032-azobis(2-methyliso-butyronitrile), tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, tert-butyl peroxypivalate, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butylperoxyneodecanoate, tert-amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-amyl peroxyneodecanoate, 2,5-bis(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,5-dipivaloyl-2,5-dimethylhexane or 2,5-bis(2-neodecanoylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane or mixtures thereof.
12. Process according to claim 10 wherein the free radical initiator is present in 0.01-5% by weight, preferably 0.1-2.5% by weight of the total emulsion.
13. Process according to claim 1 wherein the polymerizable material is present in 5-50% by weight, preferably 10-35% by weight of the total emulsion.
14. Process according to claim 1 wherein microcapsules obtained have a diameter of 10-250 \u03bcm.
15. Process according to claim 1 wherein polymerization is carried out at a temperature ranging 50-150\xb0 C., preferably 55-120\xb0 C.
16. Process according to claim 1 wherein polymerization is carried out for 1 to 8 hours.
17. Microcapsules obtainable by a process according to claim 1.
18. Microcapsules according to claim 17 configured for use in thermal protection and storage of heat.