1. A method for preparing a graphite negative material for an electrode of a lithium-ion battery, comprising:
loading a catalyst on the surface of a graphite material comprising a plurality of graphite layers to form a graphite material loaded with the catalyst;
forming a plurality of channels through the graphite layers of the graphite material loaded with the catalyst by reacting the graphite material loaded with the catalyst with a reaction gas, wherein the carbon carbons of the graphite material in contact with the catalyst are transformed to a gaseous product to be removed, the plurality of channels are capable of allowing lithium ions to pass therethrough freely, and a BET specific surface area of thus-obtained graphite negative material is in the range of 2.2- to 10.7 m2g;
wherein the catalyst comprises at least one selected from a group consisting ofTi, Zr, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Gd, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Sn, Sb, Bi and a compound thereof.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite material comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphitized meso-carbon microbead and modified graphite.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Gd and a compound thereof.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one selected from a group consisting of Mn, Fe, V, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni and a compound thereof.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is at least one selected from a group consisting of oxide, hydroxide, halide, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, metallic acid salt and organic acid salt.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein a catalyst loading quantity is in a range from 0.010% to 40%.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein a catalyst loading quantity is in a range from 0.10% to 20%.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein a catalyst loading quantity is in a range from 0.50% to 10%.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein a grain diameter of the particles of the catalyst is in a range from 0.2 nm to 1.5 \u03bcm.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction gas is at least one selected from a group consisting of CO2, H2O, H2, N2O, NO and NO2.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein a reaction temperature of reacting the graphite material loading the catalyst with a reaction gas is in a range from 500\xb0 C. to 1500\xb0 C.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein a reaction temperature of reacting the graphite material loading the catalyst with a reaction gas is in a range from 700\xb0 C. to 1200\xb0 C.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein a reaction period of reacting the graphite material loading the catalyst with a reaction gas is in a range from 0.5 hours to 50 hours.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording medium using a recording head in accordance with image data, said apparatus comprising:
conveying means for conveying said recording medium;
evaluation means for evaluating the distortion of the recording medium conveyed by the conveying means;
correction means for correcting the image data in accordance with the result of the evaluation made by said evaluation means; and
image forming means for forming an image on the recording medium by driving said recording head in accordance with the image data corrected by said correction means.
2. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein boundary lines are formed at least on the surface of said recording medium such that tile-shaped areas are defined by said boundary lines, and wherein said evaluation means detects said boundary lines and evaluates the shape of said tile-shaped areas.
3. An image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said boundary lines are formed with a recording agent containing a dye which can be detected using particular light.
4. An image forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and wherein said recording agent used to form said boundary lines contains a dye which does not color said cloth.
5. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said recording medium includes boundary lines which are formed, before said recording medium is conveyed by said conveying means, by weaving yarn dyed with a dye which can be detected using particular light into the form of a rectangular lattice.
6. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said recording medium includes boundary lines which are formed, before said recording medium is conveyed by said conveying means, by weaving yarn dyed with a dye which can be detected using particular light into the form of a triangular lattice.
7. An image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and said dye which can be detected using particular light is a dye which does not color the cloth.
8. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and said cloth has boundary lines which are formed, before said cloth is conveyed by said conveying means, by weaving yarn dyed with a dye, which does not color the cloth and which can be removed, into the forme of a rectangular lattice.
9. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and said cloth has boundary lines which are formed, before said cloth is conveyed by said conveying means, by weaving yarn dyed with a dye, which does not color the cloth and which can be removed, into the forme of a triangular lattice.
10. An image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said evaluation means includes detection means for detecting said boundary lines and said evaluation means evaluates the distortion of said recording means on the basis of the shape defined by said boundary lines.
11. An image forming apparatus according to claim 10, wherein:
said recording medium is a cloth;
said evaluation means evaluates the distortion caused by expansion or contraction of said cloth on the basis of the shape of the area defined by said boundary lines; and
said correcting means corrects the image data such that said image data has a shape corresponding to the shape of said area defined by said boundary lines.
12. An image forming apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a memory for storing image data, wherein said correcting means restores the corrected image data into said memory.
13. An image forming apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said correction means makes a correction by deforming said image data in accordance with the evaluation result given by said evaluation means.
14. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in addition to lattice-shaped boundary lines used to evaluate the distortion of the recording medium, said recording means also has bar-code information representing the areas defined by said boundary lines.
15. An image forming apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said bar-code information is formed with a recording agent containing a dye which can be detected using particular light.
16. An image forming apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and said bar-code information is formed with a recording agent containing a dye which does not color said cloth.
17. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said conveying means includes an adhesive part for holding said recording medium.
18. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising drying means for drying said recording medium after an image has been formed on said recording medium by said recording head.
19. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said recording head is an ink-jet head for emitting ink.
20. An image forming apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said ink-jet head includes an electrothermal transducer for applying thermal energy to ink to generate a bubble in said ink thereby emitting ink.
21. A method of forming an image on a recording medium using a recording head in accordance with image data, said method comprising the steps of:
conveying said recording medium;
evaluating the distortion of the recording medium conveyed;
correcting said image data in accordance with the result of the evaluation made in said evaluation step; and
forming an image on the recording medium using said recording head in accordance with the image data corrected in said correction step.
22. A method of forming an image according to claim 21, wherein said recording medium has lattice-shaped boundary lines formed at least on the surface of said recording medium, and wherein said evaluation step optically detects said boundary lines and evaluates the distortion of said recording medium on the basis of the shape of the areas defined by said boundary lines.
23. A method of forming an image according to claim 22, wherein said correction step corrects the image data such that the resultant image data has a shape corresponding to the areas defined by said boundary lines.
24. A method of forming an image according to claim 21, wherein said recording medium is a cloth.
25. A method of forming an image according to claim 21, wherein said recording head is an ink-jet head for emitting ink.
26. A method of forming an image according to claim 25, wherein said ink-jet head includes an electrothermal transducer for applying thermal energy to ink to generate a bubble in said ink thereby emitting the ink.
27. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording medium using a recording head in accordance with image data, said apparatus comprising:
conveying means for conveying said recording medium;
evaluation means for evaluating the distortion of the recording medium conveyed by the conveying means;
correction means for correcting the image data in accordance with the result of the evaluation made by said evaluation means; and
control means for controlling the image forming process such that an image is formed a plurality of times on the recording medium in accordance with the same image data, and such that at least in one of said plurality of image forming processes, said evaluation means evaluates the distortion of the recording medium and then said correction means corrects the image data and finally an image is formed in accordance with the corrected image data.
28. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein boundary lines are formed at least on the surface of said recording medium such that tile-shaped areas are defined by said boundary lines and wherein said evaluation means detects said boundary lines and evaluates the shape of said tile-shaped areas.
29. An image forming apparatus according to claim 28, wherein said boundary lines are formed with a recording agent containing a dye which can be detected using particular light.
30. An image forming apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and wherein said recording agent used to form said boundary lines contains a dye which does not color said cloth.
31. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said recording medium includes boundary lines which are formed, before said recording medium is conveyed by said conveying means, by weaving yarn dyed with a dye which can be detected using particular light into the form of a rectangular lattice.
32. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said recording medium includes boundary lines which are formed, before said recording medium is conveyed by said conveying means, by weaving yarn dyed with a dye which can be detected using particular light into the form of a triangular lattice.
33. An image forming apparatus according to claim 31, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and said dye which can be detected using particular light is a dye which does not color the cloth.
34. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and said cloth has boundary lines which are formed, before said cloth is conveyed by said conveying means, by weaving yarn dyed with a dye, which does not color the cloth and which can be removed, into the forme of a rectangular lattice.
35. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and said cloth has boundary lines which are formed, before said cloth is conveyed by said conveying means, by weaving yarn dyed with a dye, which does not color the cloth and which can be removed, into the forme of a triangular lattice.
36. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising forming means for forming tile-shaped boundary lines on said recording medium and wherein said evaluation means detects said boundary lines and evaluates the shape of said tile-shaped areas.
37. An image forming apparatus according to claim 36, wherein said control means controls the image forming process such that said boundary lines are formed by said forming means when an earlier image processing process of said plurality of image forming processes is performed and such that the distortion of said recording medium is evaluated by said evaluation means when a later image forming process is performed.
38. An image forming apparatus according to claim 31, wherein said evaluation means includes detection means for detecting said boundary lines and said evaluation means evaluates the distortion of said recording means on the basis of the shape defined by said boundary lines.
39. An image forming apparatus according to claim 38, wherein:
said recording medium is cotton;
said evaluation means evaluates the distortion caused by expansion or contraction of said cloth on the basis of the shape of the area defined by said boundary lines; and
said correcting means corrects the image data such that said image data has a shape corresponding to the shape of said area defined by said boundary lines.
40. An image forming apparatus according to claim 39, further comprising a memory for storing image data, wherein said correcting means restores the corrected image data into said memory.
41. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein in addition to lattice-shaped boundary lines used to evaluate the distortion of the recording medium, said recording means also has bar-code information representing the areas defined by said boundary lines.
42. An image forming apparatus according to claim 41, wherein said bar-code information is formed with a recording agent containing a dye which can be detected using particular light.
43. An image forming apparatus according to claim 41, wherein said recording medium is a cloth and wherein said bar-code information is formed with a recording agent containing a dye which does not color said cloth.
44. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said recording medium is a cloth consisting of different types of fibers which need different types of dyes to color.
45. An image forming apparatus according to claim 44, wherein different recording agents containing different dyes are employed in the respective image forming processes performed under the control of said control means.
46. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said correction means makes a correction by deforming said image data in accordance with the evaluation result given by said evaluation means.
47. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said conveying means includes an adhesive part for holding said recording medium.
48. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein drying means for drying said recording medium after an image has been formed on said recording medium by said recording head.
49. An image forming apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said recording head is an ink-jet head for emitting ink.
50. An image forming apparatus according to claim 49, wherein said ink-jet head includes an electrothermal transducer for applying thermal energy to ink to generate a bubble in said ink thereby emitting ink.
51. A method of forming an image on a recording medium using a recording head in accordance with image data, said method comprising:
a first image forming step in which an image is formed on the conveyed recording medium in accordance with image data;
a conveying step in which said recording medium is conveyed;
an evaluation step in which distortion of the conveyed recording medium is evaluated;
a correction step in which said image data is corrected in accordance with the result of the evaluation made in said evaluation step; and
a second image forming step in which an image is formed on the recording medium using said recording head in accordance with the image data corrected in said correction step.
52. A method of forming an image according to claim 51, wherein said first image forming step includes a boundary line forming step in which in addition to the image, lattice-shaped boundary lines are also formed at least on the surface of the recording medium, and wherein said evaluation step evaluates the distortion of the recording medium by detecting said boundary lines.
53. A method of forming an image according to claim 51, whereinsaid recording medium has lattice-shaped boundary lines formed at least on the surface thereof, and wherein said first image forming step includes the steps of evaluating distortion of the supplied recording medium by detecting said boundary lines; and correcting said image data in accordance with the result of the evaluation made in said evaluation step, whereby an image is formed in accordance with the corrected image data.
54. A method of forming an image according to claim 51, wherein said evaluation step optically detects said boundary lines and evaluates the distortion of said recording medium on the basis of the shape of the areas defined by said boundary lines.
55. A method of forming an image, according to claim 54, wherein said correction step corrects the image data such that the resultant image data has a shape corresponding to the areas defined by said boundary lines.
56. A method of forming an image, according to claim 51, wherein a cloth is employed as said recording medium.
57. An image forming apparatus according to claim 56, wherein said cloth is a cloth consisting of different types fibers which need different types of dyes to color.
58. A method of forming an image according to claim 51, wherein said recording head is an ink-jet head for emitting ink.
59. A method of forming an image, according to claim 58, wherein said ink-jet head includes an electrothermal transducer for applying thermal energy to ink to generate a bubble in said ink thereby emitting ink.
60. An image forming apparatus comprising:
first recording means disposed at a location which allows said first recording means to face the principal surface of a recording medium, said first recording means serving to form an image on the surface of said recording medium by applying a recording agent, via a recording head, to the principal surface of said recording medium;
first conveying means for conveying said recording medium to said first recording means;
second recording means disposed at a location which allows said second recording means to face the back surface of said recording medium, said second recording means serving to form an image on the back surface of said recording medium by applying a recording agent, via a recording head, to the back surface of said recording medium;
second conveying means disposed on an extension of the conveying path of said first conveying means, said second conveying means serving to receive said recording medium from said first conveying means and convey it to said second recording means; and
both-side alignment controlling means for controlling the positions where images are formed so that the image formed on the back surface of said recording medium by said second recording means becomes coincident with the image formed on the principal surface of said recording medium by said first recording means.
61. An image forming apparatus according to claim 60, wherein said first recording means includes tile boundary line printing means for printing boundary lines which divide the image to be formed on the principal surface into rectangular tile areas, using a recording agent containing a dye which can be detected using particular light, said boundary lines being printed together with the image data corresponding to the image to be formed on the principal surface.
62. An image forming apparatus according to claim 60, wherein said first recording means includes tile information printing means for printing boundary lines which divide the image to be formed on the principal surface of said recording medium and also printing information representing the areas defined by said boundary lines, using a recording agent containing a dye which can be detected using particular light, said boundary lines and said information being printed together with the image data corresponding to the image to be formed on the principal surface.
63. An image forming apparatus according to claim 61, wherein said tile boundary line printing means prints boundary lines which divide into triangular areas the image to be formed on the principal surface of said recording medium together with image data corresponding to the image to be formed on the principal surface.
64. An image forming apparatus according to claim 61, wherein the recording agent used to form said boundary lines contains a dye which does not color a cloth and which can be removed in a processing step after completion of the printing process.
65. An image forming apparatus according to claim 60, further comprising turning-overconveying means for receiving a recording medium having an image formed on its principal surface from said first conveying means and transferring it to said second conveying means after turning it over.
66. An image forming apparatus according to claim 60, further comprising drying means for drying a recording agent immediately after said recording agent has been applied from said first recording means to the surface of the recording medium.
67. An image forming apparatus according to claim 60, further comprising:
tile boundary line detecting means disposed on said second conveying means, for detecting said tile boundary lines before said second recording means performs a printing process on the back surface of the recording medium; and
back side printing area determination means for determining back side printing image data corresponding to the tile area detected by said tile boundary line detecting means.
68. An image forming apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein said both-side alignment controlling means includes:
both-side distortion correcting means for deforming image data to be recorded in a tile area on the back surface of the recording medium in accordance with distortion in shape of the tile area surrounded by the detected boundary lines; and
distortion-corrected image storing means for storing the deformed image data in the tile area into an image memory area.
69. An image forming apparatus according to claim 60, wherein said second recording means includes distortion-corrected image reading means for reading a part of the image data having a size corresponding to a printing width and a printing position from said distortion-corrected image storing means, and then printing said part of the image data within the tile area detected by said tile boundary line detecting means such that the image on the back surface of the recording means becomes coincident with the image on the principal surface.
70. An image forming apparatus according to claim 60, wherein the image to be formed by said second recording means is obtained by converting the image formed by said first recording means to an image mirror-symmetric to said image formed by said first recording means.
71. An image forming apparatus according to claim 60, wherein said first recording means and said second recording means form an image on the recording medium using an ink-jet head for emitting ink.
72. An image forming apparatus according to claim 71, wherein said ink-jet head includes an electrothermal transducer for applying thermal energy to ink to generate a bubble in said ink thereby emitting ink.
73. An image forming apparatus according to claim 60, wherein said recording medium is a cloth.
74. An image forming apparatus comprising:
conveying means for conveying a recording medium;
recording means disposed such that said first recording means faces the principal surface of the recording medium conveyed by said conveying means, said first recording means serving to form an image on the principal surface of the recording medium by applying a recording agent, via a recording head, to the principal surface of said recording medium;
recording medium storing means disposed on an extension of -the conveying path of said conveying means, said recording medium storing means serving to temporarily store the recording medium received via said conveying means while preserving the recording starting position;
recording medium turning-overconveying means for conveying the recording medium stored in said recording medium storing means from the recording starting position such that the back surface of said recording medium faces said recording means;
back surface image forming means for transmitting image data converted in a mirror-symmetric fashion in the conveying direction to said recording means; and
both-side alignment controlling means for controlling the positions where images are formed so that the image formed on the back surface of the recording medium conveyed by said recording medium turning-overconveying means becomes coincident with the image formed on the principal surface of the recording medium.
75. An image forming apparatus according to claim 74, wherein said recording means includes tile boundary line printing means for printing boundary lines which divide the image to be formed on the principal surface into rectangular tile areas, using a recording agent containing a dye which can be detected using particular light, said boundary lines being printed together with the image data corresponding to the image to be formed on the principal surface.
76. An image forming apparatus according to claim 74, wherein said recording means includes tile information printing means for printing boundary lines which divide the image to be formed on the principal surface of said recording medium and also printing information representing the areas defined by said boundary lines, using a recording agent containing a dye which can be detected using particular light, said boundary lines and said information being printed together with the image data corresponding to the image to be formed on the principal surface.
77. An image forming apparatus according to claim 75, wherein said tile boundary line printing means prints boundary lines which divide into triangular areas the image to be formed on the principal surface of said recording medium together with image data corresponding to the image to be formed on the principal surface.
78. An image forming apparatus according to claim 75, wherein the recording agent used to form said boundary lines contains a dye which does not color a cloth and which can be removed in a processing step after completion of the printing process.
79. An image forming apparatus according to claim 74, further comprising drying means for drying a recording agent immediately after said recording agent has been applied from said recording means to the surface of the recording medium.
80. An image forming apparatus according to claim 74, further comprising
tile boundary line detecting means disposed on the conveying path of said conveying means, for detecting said tile boundary lines before said recording means performs a printing process on the back surface of the recording medium; and
back side printing area determination means for determining back side printing image data corresponding to the tile area detected by said tile boundary line detecting means.
81. An image forming apparatus according to claim 74, wherein said both-side alignment controlling means includes:
both-side distortion correcting means for deforming image data to be recorded in a tile area on the back surface of the recording medium in accordance with distortion in shape of the tile area surrounded by the detected boundary lines; and
distortion-corrected image storing means for restoring the deformed image data in the tile area into an image memory area.
82. An image forming apparatus according to claim 74, wherein said recording means includes distortion-corrected image reading means for reading a part of the image data having a size corresponding to a printing width and a printing position from said distortion-corrected image storing means, and then printing said part of the image data within the tile area detected by said tile boundary line detecting means such that the image on the back surface of the recording means becomes coincident with the image on the principal surface.
83. An image forming apparatus according to claim 74, wherein the image to be formed on the back surface of the recording medium by said recording means is obtained by converting the image formed on the principal surface of the recording medium to an image mirror-symmetric about an axis along the conveying direction to said image formed on the principal surface.
84. An image forming apparatus according to claim 74, wherein said recording means forms an image using an ink-jet head for emitting ink.
85. An image forming apparatus according to claim 84, wherein said ink-jet head is a recording head which emits ink using thermal energy and which includes a thermal energy converter for generating thermal energy to be applied to the ink.
86. An image forming apparatus according to claim 74, wherein said recording medium is a cloth.
87. A method of forming an image on a recording medium by applying a recording agent to said recording medium, said method comprising:
a first image forming step in which an image is formed on one surface of the recording medium by applying a recording agent in accordance with image data;
a conveying step in which the recording medium on which the image has been formed in said first image forming step is conveyed;
an evaluation step in which the state of the recording medium conveyed in said conveying step is evaluated;
a processing step in which said image data is processed in accordance with the result of the evaluation made in said evaluation step; and
a second image forming step in which in accordance with the image data processed in said processing step an image is formed on the surface opposite to the surface on which the image has been formed in said first image forming step.
88. A method of forming an image, according to claim 87, wherein said first and second image forming steps form the images on the recording medium using an ink-jet head for emitting ink.
89. A method of forming an image, according to claim 88, wherein said ink-jet head is an ink-jet head which emits ink using thermal energy and which includes a thermal energy converter for generating thermal energy.
90. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording medium using a recording head, said apparatus comprising:
conveying means for conveying a recording medium;
evaluation means for evaluating the state of the conveyed recording medium;
processing means for processing image data to be recorded, in accordance with the result of the evaluation; and
recording process controlling means for controlling the image forming process such that an image is formed by said recording head on one surface of said recording means in accordance with image data, the state of the recording medium having the image formed on said one surface thereof conveyed by said conveying means is evaluated by said evaluation means, the image data is processed by said processing means in accordance with the result of the evaluation, and an image is formed by said recording head on the surface opposite to the surface on which the image has been formed.