1. A method of manufacturing a plasmon generator, the plasmon generator including a propagation part for propagating a surface plasmon that is excited based on light, the propagation part having a bottom surface, a top surface opposite to the bottom surface, a first side surface and a second side surface that are opposite to each other and connect the top and bottom surfaces to each other, and a front end face that connects the top surface, the bottom surface, the first side surface and the second side surface to each other, the front end face including a near-field light generating part that generates near-field light based on the surface plasmon, the method comprising the steps of:
forming a base part that is made of a dielectric material and has a base surface and a protruding part, the protruding part protruding from the base surface and having a top surface and a first sidewall, the top surface of the protruding part being different from the base surface in level, the first sidewall connecting the top surface of the protruding part and the base surface to each other;
forming a metal film after the step of forming the base part, the metal film being intended to later become the plasmon generator and including an adhesion part adhering to the first sidewall; and
forming a filler layer after the step of forming the metal film, the filler layer being made of a dielectric material and having a second sidewall disposed such that the adhesion part is interposed between the first sidewall and the second sidewall,
wherein the adhesion part includes a first contact surface that is in contact with the first sidewall, and a second contact surface that is in contact with the second sidewall, the first contact surface being intended to become the first side surface of the propagation part, the second contact surface being intended to become the second side surface of the propagation part.
2. The method of manufacturing the plasmon generator according to claim 1, wherein the metal film is formed by physical vapor deposition.
3. The method of manufacturing the plasmon generator according to claim 1, wherein the metal film further includes a first deposition part formed on the base surface such that the adhesion part is interposed between the first sidewall and the first deposition part,
the method further comprising the step of removing the first deposition part between the step of forming the metal film and the step of forming the filler layer.
4. The method of manufacturing the plasmon generator according to claim 1, further comprising the step of removing respective portions of the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film that are located away from the base surface, the step of removing being performed after the step of forming the filler layer.
5. The method of manufacturing the plasmon generator according to claim 4, wherein the step of removing includes a step of polishing the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film.
6. The method of manufacturing the plasmon generator according to claim 5, wherein the step of removing further includes a step of partially etching the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film after the step of polishing.
7. The method of manufacturing the plasmon generator according to claim 4, wherein:
the metal film further includes a second deposition part formed at a position farther from the base surface than a position at which the adhesion part is formed; and
the step of removing includes:
a first etching step of etching at least a portion of the second deposition part;
a step of polishing the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film after the first etching step; and
a second etching step of partially etching the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film after the step of polishing.
8. The method of manufacturing the plasmon generator according to claim 1, wherein:
the plasmon generator includes a width changing portion that is located on a side of the propagation part farther from the front end face and is connected to the propagation part; and
the width changing portion has a width in a direction parallel to the bottom surface and the front end face of the propagation part, the width of the width changing portion decreasing with increasing proximity to the front end face.
9. The method of manufacturing the plasmon generator according to claim 1, wherein the step of forming the base part includes:
a step of forming an etching stopper layer having the base surface;
a step of forming a layer to be etched on the etching stopper layer, the layer to be etched being made of a material different from a material of the etching stopper layer; and
a step of forming the protruding part by etching a portion of the layer to be etched, with the etching stopper layer used as an etching stopper.
10. The method of manufacturing the plasmon generator according to claim 1, wherein the top surface of the propagation part includes an inclined portion, and a distance from the bottom surface of the propagation part to an arbitrary point on the inclined portion decreases with decreasing distance from the arbitrary point to the front end face,
the method further comprising the step of forming the inclined portion by etching a portion of the metal film, after the step of forming the filler layer.
11. A method of manufacturing a near-field light generator, the near-field light generator including a waveguide and a plasmon generator, wherein:
the waveguide includes a core through which light propagates, and a cladding surrounding the core;
the core has a top surface;
the cladding includes a gap layer made of a dielectric material and having a top surface, the gap layer being disposed on the top surface of the core;
the plasmon generator is disposed on the top surface of the gap layer; and
the plasmon generator includes a propagation part for propagating a surface plasmon that is excited based on the light propagating through the core, the propagation part having a bottom surface, a top surface opposite to the bottom surface, a first side surface and a second side surface that are opposite to each other and connect the top and bottom surfaces to each other, and a front end face that connects the top surface, the bottom surface, the first side surface and the second side surface to each other, the front end face including a near-field light generating part that generates near-field light based on the surface plasmon,
the method comprising the steps of:
forming the waveguide;
forming a protruding part on the top surface of the gap layer, the protruding part being made of a dielectric material and having a top surface and a first sidewall, the top surface of the protruding part being different from the top surface of the gap layer in level, the first sidewall connecting the top surface of the protruding part and the top surface of the gap layer to each other;
forming a metal film after the step of forming the protruding part, the metal film being intended to later become the plasmon generator and including an adhesion part adhering to the first sidewall; and
forming a filler layer after the step of forming the metal film, the filler layer being made of a dielectric material and having a second sidewall disposed such that the adhesion part is interposed between the first sidewall and the second sidewall,
wherein the adhesion part includes a first contact surface that is in contact with the first sidewall, and a second contact surface that is in contact with the second sidewall, the first contact surface being intended to become the first side surface of the propagation part, the second contact surface being intended to become the second side surface of the propagation part.
12. The method of manufacturing the near-field light generator according to claim 11, wherein the metal film is formed by physical vapor deposition.
13. The method of manufacturing the near-field light generator according to claim 11, wherein the metal film further includes a first deposition part formed on the top surface of the gap layer such that the adhesion part is interposed between the first sidewall and the first deposition part,
the method further comprising the step of removing the first deposition part between the step of forming the metal film and the step of forming the filler layer.
14. The method of manufacturing the near-field light generator according to claim 11, further comprising the step of removing respective portions of the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film that are located away from the top surface of the gap layer, the step of removing being performed after the step of forming the filler layer.
15. The method of manufacturing the near-field light generator according to claim 14, wherein the step of removing includes a step of polishing the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film.
16. The method of manufacturing the near-field light generator according to claim 15, wherein the step of removing further includes a step of partially etching the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film after the step of polishing.
17. The method of manufacturing the near-field light generator according to claim 14, wherein:
the metal film further includes a second deposition part formed at a position farther from the top surface of the gap layer than a position at which the adhesion part is formed; and
the step of removing includes:
a first etching step of etching at least a portion of the second deposition part;
a step of polishing the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film after the first etching step; and
a second etching step of partially etching the protruding part, the filler layer and the metal film after the step of polishing.
18. The method of manufacturing the near-field light generator according to claim 11, wherein:
the plasmon generator includes a width changing portion that is located on a side of the propagation part farther from the front end face and is connected to the propagation part; and
the width changing portion has a width in a direction parallel to the bottom surface and the front end face of the propagation part, the width of the width changing portion decreasing with increasing proximity to the front end face.
19. The method of manufacturing the near-field light generator according to claim 11, wherein the step of forming the protruding part includes:
a step of forming a layer to be etched on the top surface of the gap layer, the layer to be etched being made of a material different from a material of the gap layer; and
a step of forming the protruding part by etching a portion of the layer to be etched, with the gap layer used as an etching stopper.
20. The method of manufacturing the near-field light generator according to claim 11, wherein the top surface of the propagation part includes an inclined portion, and a distance from the bottom surface of the propagation part to an arbitrary point on the inclined portion decreases with decreasing distance from the arbitrary point to the front end face,
the method further comprising the step of forming the inclined portion by etching a portion of the metal film, after the step of forming the filler layer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A power source system for a portable device comprising:
a charging system including:
an energy harvester, and
a set of vibrational energy sources connected to the energy harvester; and
a power source operatively connected with the charging system.
2. The power source system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the vibrational energy sources are piezoelectric elements.
3. The power source system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the set of piezoelectric elements comprise at least three piezoelectric elements wherein:
at least one piezoelectric element has its bending plane facing a first direction;
at least one piezoelectric element has its bending plane facing a second direction; and
at least one piezoelectric element has its bending plane facing a third direction;
the first, second and third directions being orthogonal to each other.
4. The power source system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the vibrational energy sources including at least one cantilever.
5. The power source system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the at least one cantilever comprises piezoelectric material.
6. The power source system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the at least one cantilever comprises substrate and piezoelectric material.
7. The power source system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the power source is a hybrid battery.
8. The power source system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the charging system further comprises a power converter.
9. The power source system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the charging system further comprises a diverter.
10. The power source system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the system is integrated within the portable device.
11. The power source system as claimed in claim 10 wherein the portable device is connected with a vibration based accessory.
12. A power source system for a portable device comprising:
a self-charging system including an energy harvester operatively connected to a set of piezoelectric elements wherein:
at least one piezoelectric element has its bending plane facing a first direction, at least another of the piezoelectric elements has its bending plane facing a second direction, and at least one of the piezoelectric elements has its bending plane facing a third direction;
whereby the first, second and third directions are non-parallel; and
a power source operatively connected with the self-charging system.
13. The power source system as claimed in claim 12 wherein the first, second and third directions are orthogonal to each other.
14. The power source system as claimed in claim 12 wherein at least one piezoelectric element in the set of piezoelectric elements includes a cantilever.
15. The power source system as claimed in claim 14 wherein the cantilever is made from piezoelectric material.
16. The power source system as claimed in claim 14 wherein the cantilever is made from substrate and piezoelectric material.
17. The power source system as claimed in claim 12 wherein the self-charging system further comprises:
a power converter; and
a diverter.