1. A wellbore treatment fluid comprising at least one polysaccharide and an effective amount of at least one polyacrylamide to maintain stability of the fluid at a temperature greater than about 250\xb0 F.
2. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the temperature at which the stability is maintained is in a range of from about 275\xb0 F. to about 325\xb0 F.
3. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, being substantially free of formates.
4. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide comprises xanthan gum, welan gum, a cellulose derivative, Succinoglycan polysaccharide, Scleroglucan polysaccharide, xanthan polysaccharide, or combinations thereof.
5. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the polyacrylamide has a molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 40,000.
6. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of the at least one polyacrylamide is in a range of from about 0.5 to about 10.0 poundbarrel of the fluid.
7. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein an amount of the at least one polysaccharide present in the fluid is in a range of from about 0.2 to about 1.5 poundbarrel of the fluid.
8. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, exhibiting a reduction in yield point of less than or equal to about 15% when it is sequentially hot rolled at a first temperature of about 300\xb0 F. and at a second temperature of about 325\xb0 F.
9. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, exhibiting a yield point of greater than about 10 lb100 ft.2 when exposed to a temperature in a range of from about 300\xb0 F. to about 325\xb0 F.
10. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, comprising water, an ionic salt, a basic material, a weighting agent, a surfactant, calcium carbonate, or combinations thereof.
11. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, comprising a drilling fluid, a completion fluid, a workover fluid, or combinations thereof.
12. The wellbore treatment fluid of claim 1, being disposed in a subterranean wellbore.
13. A drilling fluid comprising:
greater than or equal to about 14 pounds per barrel of an ionic salt;
greater than or equal to about 0.2 pounds per barrel of a polysaccharide; and
a sufficient amount of at least one polyacrylamide to maintain stability of the drilling fluid at a temperature greater than about 250\xb0 F.
14. The drilling fluid of claim 13, further comprising water.
15. The drilling fluid of claim 13, further comprising a weighting agent.
16. The drilling fluid of claim 13, further comprising a sufficient amount of a basic material to adjust its pH to in a range of from about 8 to about 10.
17. The drilling fluid of claim 13, exhibiting a reduction in yield point of less than or equal to about 15% when it is sequentially hot rolled at a first temperature of about 300\xb0 F. and at a second temperature of about 325\xb0 F.
18. The drilling fluid of claim 13, being substantially free of formates.
19. A pre-mixed wellbore treatment fluid, comprising:
water;
at least one polysaccharide; and
an effective amount of at least one polyacrylamide to maintain stability of the fluid at a temperature greater than about 250\xb0 F., wherein the pre-mixed wellbore treatment fluid resides on a truck.
20. The pre-mixed wellbore treatment fluid of claim 19, wherein the temperature at which the stability is maintained is in a range of from about 275\xb0 F. to about 325\xb0 F.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for isomerizing a compound comprising:
contacting a composition comprising 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with at least one isomerization catalyst selected from the group consisting of metal halides, halogenated metal oxides, and zero-valent metals or metal alloys, wherein said contacting occurs at a reaction temperature from about 50\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C. to isomerize at least a portion of said 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene into 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is a mixture of cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition further comprises cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene andor 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane prior to said contacting.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said isomerization is at least about 95% selective for 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said isomerization converts at least about 95% of said 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said contacting step occurs at a pressure of about 2 to about 6 atm.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said contacting step occurs with a residence time of about 10 to about 60 seconds.
10. A method for producing a fluorinated compound comprising:
reacting a composition comprising 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of metal halides and halogenated metal oxides wherein said reacting occurs at a reaction temperature from about 100\xb0 C. to about 500\xb0 C. to convert at least a portion of said 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene into a reaction product comprising at least one of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said reaction product comprises 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein said reaction product comprises 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein said reacting comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride in a 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene:hydrogen fluoride ratio of about 1:10 to about 1:1500.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein said reacting occurs in a vapor phase.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein said contacting step occurs at a pressure of about 1 to about 20 atm.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein said contacting step occurs with a residence time of about 0.5 to about 600 seconds.
17. The method of claim 10 wherein said reacting comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride in a 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene:hydrogen fluoride ratio of about 1:0.1 to about 1:10000.
18. The method of claim 10 wherein said reacting comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and hydrogen fluoride in a 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene:hydrogen fluoride ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:2000.
19. The method of claim 10 wherein said contacting step occurs at a pressure of about 1 to about 20 atm.
20. The method of claim 10 wherein said contacting step occurs with a residence time of about 0.5 to about 600 seconds.