1. A system for mobile client-side location determination, comprising:
a mobile device comprising base transceiver station location data, a memory, a processor, and a location engine stored in the memory that, when executed by the processor:
receives information that identifies a plurality of base transceiver stations in response to the mobile device registering with a communication network,
estimates a location of an out-of-network base transceiver station based on executing a location fix technology;
provides the location of the out-of-network base transceiver station for the base transceiver station information;
receives an update for base transceiver station location data stored on the mobile device in response to a determination that the mobile device is approaching a geographical limit associated with the base transceiver station information, wherein the update one of adds additional base transceiver station location data to the base transceiver station location data or replaces a portion of the base transceiver station location data, and wherein the portion of the base transceiver station location data that is replaced is based on a direction opposite to a direction associated with the geographical limit associated with the base transceiver station location data;
reads a location for each of the plurality of base transceiver stations from the base transceiver station location data,
calculates a location of the mobile device based on the location of each of the plurality of base transceiver stations, and
provides the location of the mobile device in a defined portion of a communication transmitted by the mobile device.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device is one of a mobile phone, a telephone, a wireless communication device, a pager, a personal digital assistant, a portable computer, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a digital music player, a digital calculator, an electronic key fob for keyless entry, a media player, or an inventory control device.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of base transceiver stations communicate with the mobile device via at least one of an integrated digital enhanced network (IDEN) communication technology, a code division multiple access (CDMA) technology, a global system for mobile communication (GSM) technology, a long-term evolution (LTE) technology, an universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) technology, or a worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) technology.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the location engine determines the location of the mobile device in response to at least one of a lapse of a duration of time, a use of an application on the mobile device, a call on the mobile device, or an enablement of a global positioning system.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the location engine further maintains a history of the location of the mobile device and a time associated with a determination of the location of the mobile device, and wherein the location engine further recalculates the location of the mobile device based on the history.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the defined portion of the communication comprises a header of the communication, a footer of the communication, or a body of the communication.
7. A non-transitory computer implemented method for mobile client-side location determination, comprising:
a mobile device receiving information that identifies a plurality of base transceiver stations in response to the mobile device registering with a communication network;
estimating a location of an out-of-network base transceiver station based on executing a location fix technology;
providing the location of the out-of-network base transceiver station for the base transceiver station information;
receiving, at the mobile device, an update for base transceiver station location data stored on the mobile device in response to a determination that the mobile device is approaching a geographical limit associated with the base transceiver station information, wherein the update one of adds additional base transceiver station location data to the base transceiver station location data or replaces a portion of the base transceiver station location data, and wherein the portion of the base transceiver station location data that is replaced is based on a direction opposite to a direction associated with the geographical limit associated with the base transceiver station location data;
determining a plurality of nearby base transceiver stations based on an amplitude of a corresponding signal for each of the plurality of base transceiver stations;
reading a location for each of the plurality of nearby base transceiver stations from the base transceiver station location data stored on the mobile device;
calculating a location of the mobile device based on the location of each of the plurality of nearby base transceiver stations; and
providing the location of the mobile device in a header of a communication transmitted by the mobile device.
8. The non-transitory computer implemented method of claim 7, wherein the location fix technology comprises one of advanced forward link trilateration, global positioning system, and a hybrid location fix technology.
9. The non-transitory computer implemented method of claim 7, wherein providing the location of the mobile device comprises at least one of providing the location in each communication transmitted by the mobile device, providing the location in a specified type of communication transmitted by the mobile device, periodically providing the location in communications transmitted by the mobile device, or providing the location in communications transmitted by the mobile device in response to a specific event.
10. The non-transitory computer implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
providing a request to the mobile device to tag the location of the mobile device;
receiving a tag of the location of the mobile device; and
providing the tag of the location of the mobile device in a database upon which the base transceiver station location data is based.
11. The non-transitory computer implemented method of claim 7, further comprising transmitting the base transceiver station location data to the mobile device in response to the mobile device registering with a communication network.
12. The non-transitory computer implemented method of claim 7, further comprising:
using the location of the mobile device to select an advertisement for the mobile device, and
providing the selected advertisement for the mobile device.
13. The non-transitory computer implemented method of claim 12, further comprising evaluating an effectiveness of the selected advertisement based on subsequent locations of the mobile device.
14. The non-transitory computer implemented method of claim 7, further comprising displaying locations of other mobile devices on a map based on a social network application.
15. A system for mobile client-side location determination, comprising:
a mobile device comprising base transceiver station location data, a memory, a processor, and a location engine stored in the memory that, when executed by the processor:
receives information that identifies a plurality of base transceiver stations,
estimates a location of an out-of-network base transceiver station based on executing a location fix technology;
provides the location of the out-of-network base transceiver station for the base transceiver station information;
receives an update for base transceiver station location data stored on the mobile device in response to a determination that the mobile device is approaching a geographical limit associated with the base transceiver, station information, wherein the update one of adds additional base transceiver station location data to the base transceiver station location data or replaces a portion of the base transceiver station location data, and wherein the portion of the base transceiver station location data that is replaced is based on a direction opposite to a direction associated with the geographical limit associated with the base transceiver station location data;
determines a plurality of nearby base transceiver stations based on an amplitude of a corresponding signal for each of the plurality of base transceiver stations,
read a location for each of the plurality of nearby base transceiver stations from the base transceiver station location data,
calculates a location of the mobile device based on the location of each of the plurality of nearby base transceiver stations and a corresponding signal amplitude for each of the plurality of nearby base transceiver stations, and
provides the location of the mobile device in a header of a communication transmitted by the mobile device.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the base transceiver station location data is associated with a metropolitan area and comprises at least one of a base transceiver station identifier, a base transceiver station geographic location, a base transceiver station sector coverage radius, a base transceiver station antenna azimuth, a base transceiver station antenna tilt, or a base transceiver station antenna rotation.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein calculating the location of the mobile device is further based on an adjustment for a communication condition based on at least one of a subscriber demand, a sports event, an artistic performance, a time of the day, a day of the week, a school schedule, a holiday, a weather condition, a season of the year, or a tourist period.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A vacuum ionization gauge comprising:
a cold cathode comprising a field emission unit and a grid electrode corresponding to the field emission unit, the field emission unit comprising a carbon nanotube pipe, the carbon nanotube pipe having a first end, a second end and a main body connecting the first end to the second end, the second end having a plurality of carbon nanotube peaks;
a shield electrode defining a receiving space, a first opening, and a second opening, wherein the first opening of the shield electrode is oriented to the cold cathode;
an anode ring located in the receiving space of the shield electrode; and
a collector oriented to the second opening of the shield electrode.
2. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, wherein the cold cathode further comprises a substrate connected to the first end of the carbon nanotube pipe.
3. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotube pipe comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes surrounding an axis of the carbon nanotube pipe.
4. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, wherein the second end defines an opening and comprises a hollow neck portion connected to the main body.
5. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 4, wherein the plurality of carbon nanotube peaks extends from a top of the neck portion around the opening.
6. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, wherein the plurality of carbon nanotube peaks is located around an axis of the carbon nanotube pipe, spaced apart from each other to form a ring shape, and pointing towards the anode electrode.
7. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 6, wherein the plurality of carbon nanotube peaks extends along a same direction substantially parallel with the axis.
8. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 6, wherein the carbon nanotube peaks extend away from a top of the neck portion at an angle from the axis to form a radial shape.
9. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of carbon nanotube peaks comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes substantially parallel to each other and joined by van der Waals force.
10. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of carbon nanotube peaks is a tapered carbon nanotube bundle, and a single projecting carbon nanotube is taller than and projects over other carbon nanotubes in each of the plurality of carbon nanotube peaks.
11. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 10, wherein the single projecting carbon nanotube is located in a middle of the other carbon nanotubes.
12. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 10, wherein a distance of the projecting carbon nanotubes of two adjacent carbon nanotube peaks is in a range from about 0.1 micrometers to about 2 micrometers.
13. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 10, wherein the carbon nanotube pipe comprises a plurality of successive carbon nanotubes helically oriented around the axis of the carbon nanotube pipe, and joined end-to-end by van der Waals force therebetween along a helical extending direction.
14. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, wherein the field emission unit further comprises a conductive linear support located in and encased by the carbon nanotube pipe.
15. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, further comprising an ion educed electrode positioned between the shield electrode and the collector, wherein an ion educed hole is defined in a middle of the ion educed electrode.
16. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, further comprising an electron induct electrode positioned between the cold cathode and the shield electrode, wherein an electron induct hole is defined in a middle of the electron induct electrode, and the field emission unit is aimed at the electron induct hole.
17. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, further comprising a reflector surrounding the second opening of the shield electrode.
18. The vacuum ionization gauge of claim 1, further comprises a shell, wherein the cold cathode, the shield electrode, the anode ring and the collector are received in the shell.
19. A vacuum ionization gauge comprising:
a cold cathode comprising a field emission unit and a grid electrode corresponding to the field emission unit;
a shield electrode defining a receiving space, a first opening, and a second opening,
an anode ring located in the receiving space of the shield electrode; and
a collector corresponding to the second opening of the shield electrode, wherein the field emission unit comprises a carbon nanotube pipe, the carbon nanotube pipe comprises two ends and a main body connecting to the two ends, one end of the carbon nanotube pipe defines an opening and comprises a plurality of tapered carbon nanotube bundles located around the opening, and the first opening of the shield electrode is positioned corresponding to the cold cathode.
20. A vacuum ionization gauge comprising:
a cold cathode comprising a field emission unit and a grid electrode corresponding to the field emission unit;
a shield electrode defining a receiving space, a first opening, and a second opening;
an anode ring located in the receiving space of the shield electrode; and
a collector corresponding to the second opening of the shield electrode, wherein the field emission unit comprises a carbon nanotube pipe, the carbon nanotube pipe has one end comprising a plurality of tapered carbon nanotube bundles located around an axis of the carbon nanotube pipe and spaced apart from each other to form a ring shape, and the first opening of the shield electrode is positioned corresponding to the cold cathode.