1. An inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite comprising:
a polymeric matrix;
a plurality of metal nanoparticles embedded within the polymeric matrix, wherein the plurality of metal nanoparticles are configured to provide cooling of the nanocomposite upon exposure to photoradiation.
2. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 1, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polypyrrole (PPy), polypyridine, polypropylene, polyanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, polyphosphoesters, caprolactone polymers, chitosan, collagen, keratin, or combinations thereof.
3. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 2, wherein the polymeric matrix comprises a polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan film.
4. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 3, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is present in the polymeric matrix at a concentration of about 3 weight percentage (wt %) to about 7 wt %.
5. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 3, wherein the chitosan is present in the polymeric matrix at a concentration of about 1.5 wt % to about 4.5 wt %.
6. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal nanoparticles comprise titanium tetra isopropoxide (Ti {OCH(CH3)2}4) nanoparticles, tantalum penta-i-propoxide (C15H3O5Ta) nanoparticles, magnesium isopropoxide (C6H14MgO2) nanoparticles, or combinations thereof.
7. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 6, wherein the plurality of metal nanoparticles are present in the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite at a concentration of about 3 weight percentage (wt %) to about 7 wt %.
8. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 1, wherein the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite is configured for use as a cooling element in a packaging material, a refrigeration system, an air-cooling system, photo-cooling fabrics or combinations thereof.
9. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 1, wherein the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite comprises a single layer of polymeric matrix with metal nanoparticles embedded within the polymer matrix, and wherein the single layer is folded into two halves.
10. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 1, wherein the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite comprises a double layer of polymeric matrix with metal nanoparticles embedded within each of the layers, and wherein the double layer is folded into two halves.
11. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 1, wherein the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite comprises a plurality of layers of the polymeric matrix with metal nanoparticles embedded within each of the layers.
12. An inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite comprising:
a polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan film; and
a plurality of titanium tetra isopropoxide Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 nanoparticles embedded within the polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan film, wherein the plurality of titanium tetra isopropoxide nanoparticles are configured to provide cooling of the polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan film upon exposure to photoradiation having an illuminance of about 9000 Lux to about 30000 Lux.
13. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 12, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is present at a concentration of about 3 weight percentage (wt %) to about 7 wt % and chitosan is present at a concentration of about 3 wt % to about 7 wt % in the polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan film.
14. (canceled)
15. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 12, wherein the plurality of titanium tetra isopropoxide nanoparticles are present in the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite at a concentration of about 3 wt % to about 7 wt %.
16. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 12, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan film has a thickness of about 100 micrometers (\u03bcm) to about 1000 \u03bcm.
17. (canceled)
18. The inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite of claim 12, wherein the temperature of the nanocomposite of the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite is reduced by about 10\xb0 C. to about 25\xb0 C. within about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes of exposure to photoradiation.
19. (canceled)
20. A method of forming a inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite, the method comprising:
mixing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, a titanium tetra isopropoxide solution and chitosan to form a mixture; and
drying the mixture to form the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite.
21-23. (canceled)
24. The method of claim 20, wherein mixing is carried out at a temperature of about 50\xb0 C. to about 70\xb0 C. and for a period of about 5 to 10 minutes and drying is carried out at about 45\xb0 C. to about 55\xb0 C.
25. The method of claim 20, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, a titanium tetra isopropoxide solution and chitosan are mixed for a time period of about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes.
26. (canceled)
27. A method of cooling an inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite, the method comprising:
providing an inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite, wherein the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite comprises a polymeric matrix having a plurality of metal nanoparticles embedded therein; and
exposing the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite to photoradiation to cool the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite.
28-29. (canceled)
30. The method of claim 27, comprising applying a photoradiation of illuminance in a range of about 9000 Lux to 30000 Lux.
31. The method of claim 27, wherein exposing the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite to photoradiation reduces the temperature of the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite by about 10\xb0 C. to about 25\xb0 C.
32. A system for regulating temperature of an object, the system comprising:
an inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite placed proximate to an object, wherein the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite comprises a polymeric matrix with a plurality of metal nanoparticles embedded therein, and
a source configured to apply photoradiation to the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite to regulate the temperature of the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite.
33-34. (canceled)
35. The system of claim 32, wherein the photoradiation comprises solar radiation.
36. (canceled)
37. The system of claim 32, wherein the temperature of the inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposite is reduced to from about 10\xb0 C. to about 25\xb0 C.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for providing retirement gap insurance, the system comprising:
a processor;
a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled to the processor and storing a plurality of instructions, which, when executed, cause the processor to provide the retirement gap insurance, the plurality of instructions comprising:
instructions that cause the processor to receive input data regarding assets and liabilities from a customer who has not attained retirement age;
instructions that cause the processor to determine a retirement plan using the input data for the customer in order to determine a retirement plan amount that will provide income for a predetermined number of years after the customer reaches the retirement age, the retirement plan including a first periodic payment amount to be deposited into retirement savings and a second periodic payment of a premium amount associated with the retirement gap insurance;
instructions that cause the processor to define the retirement savings as an investment plan comprising one or more investment products for the customer;
instructions that cause the processor to deposit the first periodic payment amount into the one or more investment products defined by the investment plan, wherein paying the second periodic payment of the premium amount associated with the retirement gap insurance and adhering to the investment plan including depositing the first periodic payment amount into the one or more investment products by the customer are preconditions for covering a shortfall in the retirement savings compared to the retirement plan amount through the retirement gap insurance when the customer enters a retirement period;
instructions that cause the processor to determine, at the retirement age, a value of the retirement savings;
instructions that cause the processor to compare the value of the retirement savings to the retirement plan amount to determine if a difference in the value of the retirement savings and the retirement plan amount exists;
instructions that cause the processor to cover the difference when the customer enters the retirement period if the value of the retirement savings is lower than the retirement plan amount and if the customer adhered to the investment plan including depositing the first periodic payment amount into the investment products defined by the investment plan and paid the second periodic payment of the premium amount associated with the retirement gap insurance, and
instructions that cause the processor to return a portion of the second periodic payment of the premium amount to the customer if the value of the retirement savings is greater than the retirement plan amount.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the investment plan defines an order and amount of the first periodic payment amount that is to be deposited to each of the one or more investment products.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to pool the premium amount with premium amounts of other customers to offset the difference.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to ascertain the input data from external account sources.
5. A system for retirement planning, comprising:
a processor;
a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled to the processor and storing a plurality of instructions, which, when executed, cause the processor to provide retirement planning, the plurality of instructions comprising:
instructions that cause the processor to receive customer input data regarding assets, liabilities, a life expectancy and a retirement income;
instructions that cause the processor to provide an investment plan to achieve a desired amount of retirement assets to fund the retirement income, the investment plan including insurance coverage to meet the retirement income if market conditions result in the retirement assets being below the desired amount;
instructions that cause the processor to receive first periodic payments to be applied to investment accounts identified by the investment plan and second periodic payments of a premium amount associated with the insurance coverage, wherein paying the second periodic payments of the premium amount associated with the insurance coverage and adhering to the investment plan including depositing the first periodic payments towards the investment accounts by the customer are preconditions for providing the insurance coverage to cover the retirement income if market conditions result in the retirement assets being below the desired amount;
instructions that cause the processor to fund the investment accounts in a predetermined order defined by the investment plan;
instructions that cause the processor to provide coverage for a difference between the desired amount of retirement assets and an actual amount of retirement assets when the customer enters a retirement period if the customer adhered to the investment plan including depositing the first periodic payments towards the investment accounts identified by the investment plan and paid the second periodic payments of the premium amount associated with the insurance coverage, and
instructions that cause the processor to return a portion of the second periodic payment of the premium amount to the customer if the value of the retirement savings is greater than the retirement plan amount.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to determine a schedule of income payments to the customer during the retirement period.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein a portion of the income payments to the customer are funded through the insurance coverage.
8. The system of claim 5, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to periodically change the investment accounts or an order of funding the investment accounts.
9. The system of claim 5, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to pool the second periodic payments of the premium amount with a plurality of customers to offset the difference for a particular customer.
10. The system of claim 5, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to ascertain the input data from external account sources.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to periodically adjust the investment plan using a value of the external account sources.
12. A system for insuring retirement accounts against adverse market conditions, the system comprising:
a processor;
a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled to the processor and storing a plurality of instructions, which, when executed, cause the processor to insure the retirement accounts against adverse market conditions, the plurality of instructions comprising:
instructions that cause the processor to evaluate customer input data to determine an investment plan, the investment plan accounting for a target retirement asset goal and including insurance coverage to cover a shortfall of actual assets versus the target retirement asset goal;
instructions that cause the processor to receive first periodic payments to fund investment accounts identified by the investment plan and second periodic payments of a premium amount associated with the insurance coverage, wherein paying the second periodic payments of the premium amount associated with the insurance coverage and adhering to the investment plan including submitting the first periodic payments by the customer to fund the investment accounts identified by the investment plan are preconditions for providing the insurance coverage;
instructions that cause the processor to make periodic income payments to a customer using a schedule of payments during a retirement period and covering, in the periodic income payments, the shortfall of the actual assets versus the target retirement asset goal, if the shortfall exists and the customer adhered to the investment plan including depositing the first periodic payments to fund the investment accounts identified by the investment plan and paid the second periodic payments of the premium amount associated with the insurance coverage, and
instructions that cause the processor to refund a portion of the second periodic payments of the premium amount if there is no shortfall.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein a portion of the income payments are funded through the insurance coverage.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to periodically change the investment accounts or an order of funding the investment accounts.
15. The system of claim 12, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to pool premium amounts of a plurality of customers to offset the difference for a particular customer.
16. The system of claim 12, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to ascertain the input data from external account sources.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to adjust the investment plan using a value of the external account sources.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that cause the processor to adjust the premium amount during a coverage period of the retirement gap insurance for changes in risk factors.
19. The system of claim 1, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises:
instructions that cause the processor to provide a drawdown schedule for receiving periodic retirement income payments when the customer enters the retirement period; and
instructions that cause the processor to enforce the drawdown schedule during the retirement period, prohibiting the customer from withdrawing funds at a rate exceeding the drawdown schedule.