1. An LED driver circuit structure with over-current suppression, comprising:
a DC-DC converter supplying a driving power to an LED module and having a voltage input node, a voltage output node, and a control signal input node;
a voltage detector connected in series with the LED module;
a reference voltage supplier module supplying at least a pre-driving reference voltage and a designed reference voltage and having a reference voltage output node;
an error amplifier having a first input node, a second input node, and a first output node, the first input node being electrically connected to an output node of the voltage detector, and the second input node being electrically connected to the reference voltage output node;
a comparator having a third input node, a fourth input node, and a second output node, the third input node being electrically connected to the first output node, and the fourth input node being electrically connected to a saw-tooth voltage source;
an SR-latch having a fifth input node, a sixth input node, and a third output node, the fifth input node receiving a clock signal, and the sixth input node being electrically connected to the second output node, and the clock signal determining whether to deliver the signal of the sixth input node to the control signal input node of the DC-DC converter.
2. The driver circuit structure of claim 1, wherein the reference voltage supplier module outputs the pre-driving reference voltage and the designed reference voltage via the reference voltage output node.
3. The driver circuit structure of claim 1, wherein the first pre-driving reference voltage generated from the reference voltage supplier module is smaller than the designed reference voltage.
4. The driver circuit structure of claim 1, wherein the comparator is a PWM controller.
5. A LED over-current suppression method, comprising the steps of:
providing at least one pre-driving current to a LED module, wherein the first pre-driving current provided is a first driving current, and the first driving current is less than a designed driving current of the LED module; and
providing the designed driving current to the LED module.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A dental composition comprising:
a) about 1 to about 80% by weight of particulate material including:
(i) calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silica, alumina, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof;
wherein the particulate material has an average particle size of less than 40 microns; and
b) about 1 to about 50% by weight liquid carrier including:
(i) water-soluble polymer, and
(ii) water.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, (PVAc), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and polymethacrylic acid (PMA), hyaluronic acid, water-soluble poly-saccharides, poly amino-acids, and copolymers and mixtures thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1, further comprising about 1 to about 30% by weight of hydroxyapatite.
4. The composition of claim 1, further comprising about 1 to about 60% by weight of a radiopaque component.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the radiopaque component is selected from the group consisting of bismuth oxide, barium sulfate, tantalum oxide, cerium oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide compounds and radiopaque glasses containing tantalum, barium and strontium, and mixtures thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the particulate material comprises a mixture of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate particles.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the particulate material comprises about 20 to about 80 wt. % tricalcium silicate; about 20 to about 50 wt. % dicalcium silicate; about 1 to about 20 wt. % tricalcium aluminate, about 1 to about 8 wt. % tetracalcium aluminoferrite; about 1 to about 15 wt. % calcium sulfate dihydrate, and about 1 to about 50 wt. % radiopaque component.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the particulate has an average particle size in the range of about 1 \u03bcm to about 40 \u03bcm.
9. The composition of claim 7, wherein the particulate material has an average particle size in the range of about 1 \u03bcm to about 15 \u03bcm.
10. The composition of claim 1, further comprising anti-bacterial andor anti-microbial agents.
11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the anti-microbial agent includes chlorhexidine gluconate.
12. A method of treating a root canal in a tooth, comprising the steps of:
a) preparing the root canal in the tooth to be treated,
b) providing a composition comprising:
(i) a mixture of about 1% to about 80% by weight of particulate material including calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silica, alumina, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, wherein the mixture has an average particle size of less than 40 microns; and
(ii) about 1% to about 80% by weight of a liquid carrier including:
(1) water-soluble polymer; and
(2) water; and
c) introducing the composition into the tooth from coronal or apical openings.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, (PVAc), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and polymethacrylic acid (PMA), hyaluronic acid, water-soluble poly-saccharides, poly amino-acids, and mixtures thereof.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition further comprises a humectant.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition further comprises about 1 to about 30% by weight of hydroxyapatite.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition further comprises about 1 to about 40% by weight of a radiopaque component.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the radiopaque component is selected from the group consisting of bismuth oxide, barium sulfate, tantalum oxide, cerium oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide compounds and radiopaque glasses containing tantalum, barium and strontium, and mixtures thereof.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the particulate material comprises a mixture of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate particles.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the particulate material comprises about 20 to about 80 wt. % tricalcium silicate; about 20 to about 50 wt. % dicalcium silicate; about 1 to about 20 wt. % tricalcium aluminate, about 1 to about 20 wt. % tetracalcium aluminoferrite; about 1 to about 15 wt. % calcium sulfate dihydrate, and about 1 to about 50 wt. % radiopaque component and wherein the particulate material has an average particle size of less than 15 microns.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the composition to seal at least a portion of the tooth.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the composition to repair root perforations.
22. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the composition to repair root resorption.
23. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the composition to fill root ends.
24. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the composition to cap at least a portion of the pulp that has been exposed.
25. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the composition to line a cavity preparation where a pulp-exposure is possible.
26. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the composition to obturate root canals.
27. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the composition to cover a root access opening in a root after a pulpotomy has been performed.
28. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises using the composition to seal a root canal after gutta-percha has been introduced into the canal.
29. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition further comprises anti-bacterial andor anti-microbial agents.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the anti-microbial agent includes chlorhexidine gluconate.
31. A dental composition comprising:
a) about 1 to about 80% by weight of particulate material including:
(i) dicalcium silicate; tricalcium silicate; calcium sulfate dehydrate; a carbonate; calcium sulfate; a phosphate; and tricalcium aluminate; and
wherein the particulate material has an average particle size of less than 15 microns.
32. The dental composition of claim 31, wherein the particulate material further includes a radiopacifier.
33. The dental composition of claim 32, wherein the radiopacifier is bismuth oxide.
34. The dental composition of claim 31, further comprising b) a liquid carrier selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble polymer and water.
35. The dental composition of claim 35, wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, (PVAc), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and polymethacrylic acid (PMA), hyaluronic acid, water-soluble poly-saccharides, poly amino-acids, and mixtures thereof.