1. An automatic transmission for a vehicle comprising:
an input shaft;
an output member;
a stationary portion;
a first planetary gear set including three rotation elements of a first sun gear, a first ring gear, and a first pinion carrier;
a second planetary gear set which is a Ravigneaux type, and which includes a second sun gear, a third sun gear, a second pinion engaged with the second sun gear, a third pinion engaged with the second pinion and the third sun gear, a second pinion carrier which rotatably supports the second pinion and the third pinion, and a second ring gear engaged with the third pinion; and
five frictional engagement elements of a first clutch, a second clutch, a first brake, a second brake, and a third brake,
when the three rotational elements of the first planetary gear set are arranged on a common velocity diagram in dependence on distances corresponding to a teeth number ratio of the first planetary gear set, the three rotational elements of the first planetary gear set being defined as a first element, a second element, and a third element in order of arrangement on the common velocity diagram,
the input shaft being constantly connected to the second element, arranged to be connected to the second sun gear by an engagement of the first clutch, and arranged to be engaged with the third sun gear by an engagement of the second clutch,
the output member being constantly connected to the second ring gear,
the first element being arranged to be fixed to the stationary portion by an engagement of the first brake,
the third element being constantly connected to the second pinion carrier, and arranged to fixed to the stationary portion by an engagement of the second brake, and
the third sun gear being arrange to be fixed to the stationary portion by an engagement of the third brake.
2. The automatic transmission for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first clutch is engaged at a first speed, a second speed, a third speed, and a fourth speed; the second clutch is engaged at the third speed, a fifth speed, and a reverse speed; the first brake is engaged at the fourth speed, the fifth speed, and a sixth speed; and the second brake is engaged at the first speed and the reverse speed; and the third brake is engaged at the second speed and the sixth speed.
3. The automatic transmission for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first planetary gear set is a single pinion type planetary gear set; the first element is the first sun gear; the second element is the first pillion carrier; and the third element is the first ring gear.
4. The automatic transmission for the vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first planetary gear set is a double pinion type planetary gear set; the first element is the first sun gear; the second element is the first ring gear; and the third element is the first pinion carrier.
5. The automatic transmission for the vehicle as claimed in one of claim 1, wherein the first brake and the second brake are disposed on a side which is farther from a driving source with respect to the output member in an axial direction; the third brake, the first clutch, and the second clutch are disposed on a side which is nearer to the driving source with respect to the output member in the axial direction; the second clutch is disposed radially inside the third brake; the first clutch is disposed radially inside the second clutch; the first brake and the second brake are disposed radially outside the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set; and the second brake is disposed on a side which is nearer to the driving source than the first brake in the axial direction.
6. The automatic transmission for the vehicle as claimed in one of claim 1, wherein the automatic transmission further comprises a first connection member that includes an outer circumference side to which the third brake is connected, and an inner circumference side to which the second clutch is connected; the first connection member is connected through an inner circumference side of the output member to the first sun gear; the automatic transmission further comprises a second connection member which includes an outer circumference side to which the first clutch is connected; the second connection member is connected through an inner circumference side of the first connection member to the second sun gear; the automatic transmission further comprises a third connection member which includes an inner circumference side to which the first clutch is connected; and the third connection member is connected to the input shaft through a portion of the second connection member which is nearer to the driving source in the axial direction.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed:
1. A method for making an optical fiber preform, comprising steps of:
(a) providing a tubular member having a cylindrical outer surface, a cylindrical bore having a longitudinal axis, a first end, a second end opposite said first end, and a deposition section extending in the direction of said longitudinal axis,;
(b) installing said tubular member in a first lathe;
(c) chemical vapor depositing a sintered silica on said cylindrical bore along the deposition section until a predetermined thickness of silica is deposited;
(d) rotating said deposition section having the predetermined thickness of silica on a second lathe;
(e) collapsing said rotating deposition section by heating with a torch to form a preform.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said chemical vapor depositing includes plasma chemical vapor depositing.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein said rotating includes separating a processing length of said tubular member having said deposition section from a remainder of said tubular member and installing said length in said second lathe.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein said separating includes:
necking down a region of said tubular member to form a closed cylindrical member extending for said processing length and having said deposition section, having a closure at one end and an opening at a second end opposite said one end, and
removing said closed cylindrical member from said remainder of said tubular member.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein said second lathe includes a first rotatable chuck and a second rotatable chuck, and said rotating in said second lathe includes:
pressurizing said closed cylindrical member by connecting a gas source to said opening at said second end and injecting a pressurization gas;
forming a through hole in said closed end to form an open cylindrical member from said closed cylindrical member;
securing a portion of said open cylindrical member proximal to said opening to said first rotatable chuck; and
securing said second end of said open cylindrical member to said second rotatable chuck.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein second lathe rotates said open cylindrical member about a second lathe rotational axis, and at least one of said first and second chucks is movable toward and away from the other of said first and second chucks, in an axial direction parallel to said second lathe rotational axis and clampable in a position along said direction, and said securing a portion of said open cylindrical member to said first rotatable chuck includes:
securing a mounting member to said first rotatable chuck;
moving at least one of said first and second chucks to spacing in said axial direction wherein said open cylindrical member can be aligned collinear to said second lathe rotational axis;
aligning said open cylindrical member along said second lathe rotational axis;
securing one end of said open cylindrical member to said second rotatable chuck; and
moving at least one of said first and second chucks toward the other to compress the end of said open cylindrical member proximal to said through hole against said mounting member.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein said securing a portion of said open cylindrical member to said first rotatable chuck further includes fusing said end of said open cylindrical member proximal to said through hole to said mounting member.
8. A method according to claim 5 wherein said pressurization gas includes a hydrogen scavenging substance.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein said collapsing includes flowing a pressurization gas through said uncollapsed preform.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein said collapsing includes maintaining a pressure of said pressurization gas according to:
Pressure850(1Do1Di), where
Dooutside tube diameter (millimeters),
Diinside tube diameter (millimeters),
Pressureequilibrium pressure in Pascals.
11. A method according to claim 9 wherein said flowing a pressurization gas includes monitoring a pressure of said pressurization gas at an upstream end of said uncollapsed preform and at a downstream end of said uncollapsed preform.
12. A method according to claim 10 wherein said flowing a pressurization gas includes monitoring a pressure of said pressurization gas at an upstream end of said uncollapsed preform and at a downstream end of said uncollapsed preform.
13. A method according to claim 9 wherein said pressurization gas includes a hydrogen scavenging substance.
14. A method according to claim 10 wherein said pressurization gas includes a hydrogen scavenging substance.
15. A method according to claim 13 wherein said hydrogen scavenging substance includes chlorine gas.
16. A method according to claim 14 wherein said hydrogen scavenging substance includes chlorine gas.
17. A method according to claim 3 wherein said depositing is carried out such that excess soot is substantially deposited only along portions of said tubular member within said remainder section.
18. A method according to claim 1 wherein (a) through (c) are repeated on another tubular member concurrent with at least a portion of (d) carried out on said deposition section.
19. A method according to claim 1 wherein said collapsing includes heating with a plasma torch.
20. A method according to claim 18 further comprising depositing substantially pure silica on an outer surface of said deposition section.
21. A method according to claim 1 wherein said collapsing includes a stretching of said rotating deposition section concurrent, at least in part, with said collapsing.
22. A method according to claim 21, wherein said second lathe includes a headstock chuck and a tailstock chuck, one of said tailstock chuck and headstock chuck being movable away from other by a drive, and wherein collapsing is performed by traversing a torch along a length of the rotating deposition section, and wherein said stretching is performed by said drive moving said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck concurrent, at least in part, with said traversing a torch.
23. A method according to claim 9 wherein said collapsing includes a stretching of said rotating deposition section concurrent, at least in part, with said collapsing.
24. A method according to claim 23, wherein said second lathe includes a headstock chuck and a tailstock chuck, one of said tailstock chuck and headstock chuck being movable away from other by a drive, and wherein collapsing is performed by traversing a torch along a length of the rotating deposition section, and wherein said stretching is performed by said drive moving said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck concurrent, at least in part, with said traversing a torch.
25. A method according to claim 24 wherein said stretching is performed by said drive moving said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck concurrent, at least in part, with said traversing a torch in the same direction as said pressurization gas flows through said uncollapsed preform.
26. A method according to claim 25 wherein said drive moves said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck in accordance with at least one the following:
2
(
OD
i
2
–
ID
i
2
)
S
b
=
(
OD
f
2
–
ID
f
2
)
(
S
t
–
S
b
)
,
S
t
=
(
OD
i
2
–
ID
i
2
OD
f
2
–
ID
f
2
)
+
1
S
b
where
ODi: Outside diameter (mm) before stretching and collapsing,
IDi: Inside diameter (mm) before stretching and collapsing,
ODf: Outside diameter (mm) after stretching and collapsing,
IDf: Inside diameter (mm) after stretching and collapsing,
St: Speed (mmmin) of the tailstock, and
Sb: Speed (mmmin) of the torch.
27. A method according to claim 24 wherein said stretching is performed by said drive moving said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck concurrent, at least in part, with said traversing a torch in a direction opposite that said pressurization gas flows through said uncollapsed preform.
28. A method according to claim 25 wherein said drive moves said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck in accordance with at least one the following:
3
(
OD
i
2
–
ID
i
2
)
S
b
=
(
OD
f
2
–
ID
f
2
)
(
S
t
+
S
b
)
,
S
t
=
(
OD
i
2
–
ID
i
2
OD
f
2
–
ID
f
2
)
–
1
S
b
where
ODi: Outside diameter (mm) before stretching and collapsing,
IDi: Inside diameter (mm) before stretching and collapsing,
ODf: Outside diameter (mm) after stretching and collapsing,
IDf: Inside diameter (mm) after stretching and collapsing,
St: Speed (mmmin) of the tailstock, and
Sb: Speed (mmmin) of the torch.
29. A method according to claim 18 wherein said collapsing includes a stretching of said rotating deposition section concurrent, at least in part, with said collapsing.
30. A method according to claim 29, wherein said second lathe includes a headstock chuck and a tailstock chuck, one of said tailstock chuck and headstock chuck being movable away from other by a drive, and wherein collapsing is performed by traversing a torch along a length of the rotating deposition section, and wherein said stretching is performed by said drive moving said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck concurrent, at least in part, with said traversing a torch.
31. A method for making an optical fiber preform, comprising steps of:
(a) providing a tubular member having a cylindrical outer surface, a cylindrical bore having a longitudinal axis, a first end, a second end opposite said first end, and a deposition section extending in the direction of said longitudinal axis,;
(b) installing said tubular member in a lathe;
(c) chemical vapor depositing a sintered silica on said cylindrical bore along the deposition section until a predetermined thickness of silica is deposited;
(d) collapsing said deposition section on said lathe by heating with a torch to form a preform, wherein said collapsing includes a stretching of said rotating deposition section concurrent, at least in part, with said collapsing.
32. A method according to claim 31, wherein said lathe includes a headstock chuck and a tailstock chuck, one of said tailstock chuck and headstock chuck being movable away from other by a drive, and wherein collapsing is performed by traversing a torch along a length of the rotating deposition section, and wherein said stretching is performed by said drive moving said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck concurrent, at least in part, with said traversing a torch.
33. A method according to claim 32 wherein said collapsing includes flowing a pressurization gas through said uncollapsed preform.
34. A method according to claim 33 wherein said stretching is performed by said drive moving said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck concurrent, at least in part, with said traversing a torch in a direction opposite that said pressurization gas flows through said uncollapsed preform.
35. A method according to claim 34 wherein said drive moves said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck in accordance with at least one the following:
4
(
OD
i
2
–
ID
i
2
)
S
b
=
(
OD
f
2
–
ID
f
2
)
(
S
t
+
S
b
)
,
S
t
=
(
OD
i
2
–
ID
i
2
OD
f
2
–
ID
f
2
)
–
1
S
b
where
ODi: Outside diameter (mm) before stretching and collapsing,
IDi: Inside diameter (mm) before stretching and collapsing,
ODf: Outside diameter (mm) after stretching and collapsing,
IDf: Inside diameter (mm) after stretching and collapsing,
St: Speed (mmmin) of the tailstock, and
Sb: Speed (mmmin) of the torch.
36. A method according to claim 31 wherein said stretching is performed by said drive moving said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck concurrent, at least in part, with said traversing a torch in the same direction as said pressurization gas flows through said uncollapsed preform.
37. A method according to claim 36 wherein said drive moves said one of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck away from said other of said tailstock chuck and said headstock chuck in accordance with at least one the following:
5
(
OD
i
2
–
ID
i
2
)
S
b
=
(
OD
f
2
–
ID
f
2
)
(
S
t
–
S
b
)
,
S
t
=
(
OD
i
2
–
ID
i
2
OD
f
2
–
ID
f
2
)
+
1
S
b
where
ODi: Outside diameter (mm) before stretching and collapsing,
IDi: Inside diameter (mm) before stretching and collapsing,
ODf: Outside diameter (mm) after stretching and collapsing,
IDf: Inside diameter (mm) after stretching and collapsing,
St: Speed (mmmin) of the tailstock, and
Sb: Speed (mmmin) of the torch.
38. A method according to claim 31 wherein said collapsing includes maintaining a pressure of said pressurization gas according to:
Pressure850(1Do1Di), where
Do outside tube diameter (millimeters),
Di inside tube diameter (millimeters),
Pressureequilibrium pressure in Pascals.