1. A discharge lamp lighter comprising:
an inverter for converting direct voltage into high frequency voltage;
N (N: a positive integer) pieces of discharge lamps; and
N+1 pieces of transformers, wherein:
an nth. discharge lamp (n=1, 2, . . . , N), a primary winding of an n+1th. transformer and a secondary winding of the nth. transformer are connected in series between output terminals of the inverter, and
a primary winding of a first transformer is connected to a secondary winding of the n+1th. transformer in series.
2. The discharge lamp lighter of claim 1, wherein
the secondary winding of the nth. transformer and a primary winding of the n+1 th. transformer are connected to each other between the output terminal on a high-voltage side of the inverter and one end of the nth. discharge lamp, while another end of the nth. discharge lamp is connected to the outer terminal on a low-voltage side of the inverter.
3. The discharge lamp lighter of claim 1, wherein
an nth. ballast element is inserted in a series circuit consisting of the nth. discharge lamp, the primary winding of the n+1th. transformer and the secondary winding of the nth. transformer, in series.
4. The discharge lamp lighter of claim 3, wherein
the nth. ballast element, the secondary winding of the nth. transformer and the primary winding of the n+1th. transformer are connected to each other between the output terminal on a high-voltage side of the inverter and one end of the nth. discharge lamp, while another end of the nth. discharge lamp is connected to the outer terminal on a low-voltage side of the inverter.
5. A discharge lamp lighter having an inverter for converting direct voltage into high frequency voltage and a plurality of series circuits connected to outputs of the inverter in parallel, each of the series circuits consisting of either a primary winding of a transformer or a secondary winding of the transformer and a discharge lamp, wherein:
a capacitor is connected to at least either the primary winding or the secondary winding of the transformer, in parallel.
6. The discharge lamp lighter of claim 1, wherein
a capacitor is connected to at least either a primary winding or a secondary winding of each of the N+1 pieces of transformers, in parallel.
7. The discharge lamp lighter of claim 2, wherein
a capacitor is connected to at least either a primary winding or a secondary winding of each of the N+1 pieces of transformers, in parallel.
8. The discharge lamp lighter of claim 3, wherein
a capacitor is connected to at least either a primary winding or a secondary winding of each of the N+1 pieces of transformers, in parallel.
9. The discharge lamp lighter of claim 4, wherein
a capacitor is connected to at least either a primary winding or a secondary winding of each of the N+1 pieces of transformers, in parallel.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of treating an ethylene andor propylene containing stream, comprising:
providing an olefin stream containing ethylene, propylene, C4+ olefins and acetaldehyde;
separating the olefin stream into a first fraction and a second fraction, wherein the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene andor propylene present in the olefin stream, and the second fraction comprises at least a majority of the C4+ olefins and acetaldehyde present in the olefin stream; and
acid gas treating the first fraction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the provided olefin stream further comprises CO2, and the first fraction further contains at least a majority of the CO2 in the provided olefin stream.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein acid gas treating the first fraction comprises contacting the first fraction with caustic.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second fraction is comprised of at least 5 wt % C4+ olefin, based on the total weight of the second fraction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the olefin stream is separated by distillation.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the distillation is extractive distillation using an extractant.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the extractant is a polar composition having an average boiling point of at least 100\xb0 F. (38\xb0 C.) at 1 atm.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the extractant is methanol.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene present in the olefin stream, and the second fraction comprises at least a majority of the propylene present in the olefin stream.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene and propylene present in the olefin stream.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the second fraction comprises at least 1,000 wppm acetaldehyde.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the provided olefin stream further contains propane, and the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene, propylene and propane present in the olefin stream.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the provided olefin stream further contains propane, the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene and propylene present in the olefin stream, and the second fraction further comprises at least a majority of the propane present in the olefin stream.
14. A method of treating an ethylene andor propylene containing stream made from an oxygenate to olefin process comprising:
contacting oxygenate with a molecular sieve catalyst to form an olefin stream comprising ethylene, propylene, and acetaldehyde;
separating the olefin stream into a first fraction and a second fraction, wherein the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene andor propylene present in the olefin stream, and the second fraction comprises at least a majority of the acetaldehyde present in the olefin stream; and
acid gas treating the first fraction.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the olefin stream further comprises CO2, and the first fraction further contains at least a majority of the CO2 in the provided olefin stream.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein acid gas treating the first fraction comprises contacting the first fraction with caustic.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the olefin stream further comprises C4+ olefins, and the second fraction further comprises at least 5 wt % C4+ olefin, based on the total weight of the second fraction.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the olefin stream is separated by distillation.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the distillation is extractive distillation using an extractant.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the extractant is a polar composition having an average boiling point of at least 100\xb0 F. (38\xb0 C.) at 1 atm.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the extractant is methanol.
22. The method of claim 14, wherein the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene present in the olefin stream, and the second fraction comprises at least a majority of the propylene present in the olefin stream.
23. The method of claim 14, wherein the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene and propylene present in the olefin stream.
24. The method of claim 14, wherein the second fraction comprises at least 1,000 wppm acetaldehyde.
25. The method of claim 14, wherein the olefin stream further contains propane, and the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene, propylene and propane present in the olefin stream.
26. The method of claim 14, wherein the olefin stream further contains propane, the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene and propylene present in the olefin stream, and the second fraction comprises at least a majority of the propane present in the olefin stream.
27. A method of treating an ethylene containing stream, comprising:
providing an olefin stream containing ethylene, propylene, C4+ olefins and acetaldehyde;
separating the olefin stream into a first fraction and a second fraction, wherein the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene present in the olefin stream and the second fraction comprises at least a majority of the propylene, C4+ olefin and acetaldehyde present in the olefin stream; and
acid gas treating the first fraction.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the provided olefin stream further comprises CO2, and the first fraction further contains at least a majority of the CO2 in the provided olefin stream.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein acid gas treating the first fraction comprises contacting the first fraction with caustic.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the olefin stream is separated by distillation.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the distillation is extractive distillation using an extractant.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the extractant is a polar composition having an average boiling point of at least 100\xb0 F. (38\xb0 C.) at 1 atm.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the extractant is methanol.
34. The method of claim 27, wherein ethylene in the first fraction is polymerized to form polyethylene.
35. A method of treating an ethylene and propylene containing stream comprising:
providing an olefin stream containing ethylene, propylene, C4+ olefins and acetaldehyde;
separating the olefin stream into an first fraction and a second fraction, wherein the first fraction comprises at least a majority of the ethylene and propylene present in the olefin stream, and the second fraction comprises at least a majority of the C4+ olefins and acetaldehyde present in the olefin stream; and
acid gas treating the first fraction.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein the provided olefin stream further comprises CO2, and the first fraction further contains at least a majority of the CO2 in the provided olefin stream.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein acid gas treating the first fraction comprises contacting the first fraction with caustic.
38. The method of claim 35, wherein the olefin stream is separated by distillation.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the distillation is extractive distillation using an extractant.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein the extractant is a polar composition having an average boiling point of at least 100\xb0 F. (38\xb0 C.) at 1 atm.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the extractant is methanol.
42. The method of claim 35, wherein the ethylene and propylene in the first fraction are separated before or after acid gas treatment, and polymerized to form polyethylene and polypropylene.
43. The method of claim 35, wherein the second fraction comprises at least 1,000 wppm acetaldehyde.
44. The method of claim 35, wherein the provided olefin stream further contains propane, and the first fraction further comprises at least a majority of propane present in the olefin stream.
45. The method of claim 35, wherein the provided olefin stream further contains propane, and the second fraction further comprises at least a majority of the propane present in the olefin stream.