1. A field emission display comprising:
at least a cathode electrode;
at least a carbon nanotube array having a first end surface adapted for emission of electrons therefrom and a second end surface in electrical connection with a corresponding cathode electrode;
an anode electrode;
at least a gate electrode arranged between the at least a cathode electrode and the anode electrode;
a spacer adapted for insulating the at least a cathode electrode and the at least a gate electrode, the second end surface of the carbon nanotube array being substantially flush with an end of the spacer;
a catalyst layer arranged adjacent to the spacer, the catalyst layer being located on a side of the spacer opposite the cathode; and
an intermediate layer arranged between the gate electrode and the catalyst layer.
2. The filed emission display as described in claim 1, wherein a material of the spacer is selected from the group consisting of heatproof glass, metal coated with insulating material, silicon, silicon oxide, mica and ceramic material.
3. The field emission display as described in claim 2, wherein a height of the spacer is in the range from 1 micron to 10 mm.
4. The field emission display as described in claim 1, wherein each carbon nanotube array is connected to the corresponding cathode electrode via a layer of negative feedback resistance, which is formed between the carbon nanotube array and the cathode electrode.
5. The field emission display as described in claim 1, wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is in the range from 1 micron to 1000 microns.
6. A field emission display comprising:
at least a cathode electrode;
an anode electrode;
at least a gate electrode arranged between the cathode electrodes and the anode electrode;
at least a carbon nanotube array, each array having a first array end and a second array end, each first array end being electrically connected to a corresponding cathode electrode;
a spacer insulatively separating the gate electrodes from the cathode electrodes; and
a catalyst layer arranged adjacent to the spacer, the catalyst layer being located on a side of the spacer opposite the cathode;
wherein a second array end of each carbon nanotube array is flush with a top end of the spacer nearest the gate electrodes; and an intermediate layer having a predetermined thickness is arranged between the gate electrodes and the catalyst layer.
7. The field emission display as described in claim 6, wherein each carbon nanotube array is connected to a corresponding cathode electrode via a layer of negative feedback resistance.
8. The field emission display as described in claim 6, wherein a material of the intermediate layer is selected from the group consisting of heatproof glass, metal coated with insulating material, silicon, silicon oxide, mica and ceramic material.
9. The field emission display as described in claim 8, wherein a thickness of the intermediate layer is in the range from 1 micron to 1000 microns.
10. The field emission display as described in claim 6, wherein a material of the spacer is selected from the group consisting of heatproof glass, metal coated with insulating material, silicon, silicon oxide, mica and ceramic material.
11. The field emission display as described in claim 6, wherein a height of the spacer is in the range from 1 micron to 10 mm.
12. The field emission display as described in claim 6, wherein a thin protective layer is arranged between the spacer and the intermediate layer.
13. The field emission display as described in claim 12, wherein a thickness of the thin protective layer is in the range from 10 nanometers to 1 micron.
14. The field emission display as described in claim 12, wherein a catalyst layer is arranged between the thin protective layer and the spacer.
15. The field emission display as described in claim 14, wherein a thickness of the catalyst layer is in the range from 1 nanometer to 10 nanometers.
16. A field emission display comprising:
a cathode assembly;
a carbon nanotube array having a first end in electrical connection with the cathode assembly and a second end which is substantially planar;
a support member ranged adjacent the second end of the carbon nanotube array;
a gate electrode positioned on the support member; and
a phosphor screen assembly having an anode electrode facing the carbon nanotube array;
wherein the support member comprises an insulative spacer, a catalyst layer, and an intermediate layer, the catalyst layer interposing the intermediate layer on a top of the insulative spacer, each of the spacer, the catalyst layer, and the intermediate layer having a predetermined thickness, and the second end of the carbon nanotube ray is flush with a top end of the spacer.
17. The field emission display as described in claim 16, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer is in the range from 1 micron to 1000 microns.
18. The field emission display as described in claim 16, wherein the cathode assembly comprises a layer of negative feedback resistance.
19. The field emission display as described in claim 16, wherein a flatness of the carbon nanotube array is less than 1 micron.
20. The field emission display as described in claim 16, wherein the phosphor screen assembly comprises a phosphor layer.
21. The field emission display as described in claim 16, wherein the support member further comprises a protective layer between the catalyst layer and the intermediate layer.
22. The field emission display as described in claim 21, wherein a thickness of the protective layer is in the range from 10 nanometers to 1 micron.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for deploying and activating a downhole tool activated by an explosive charge comprising:
an upper tubular member having an upper section and a lower section;
a sealing plug member having an upper section and a lower section, the upper section of the sealing plug member detachably connected to the lower section of the upper tubular member;
an upper piston cylinder member having an upper section, a lower section, and an internal bore, the upper section of the upper piston cylinder member detachably connected in sealing relationship to the lower section of the sealing plug;
a shear pin housing member having an upper section, a lower section, an internal shoulder, an internal bore, and an orifice providing a well bore fluid passageway to the internal bore of the shear pin housing member;
a sealing member having an upper section, a lower section, an internal bore, and an external wedge-shaped profile capable of forming a partial seal within a drill pipe string sufficient to cause an increase in fluid pressure above the sealing member when seated in a pipe joint, the upper section of the sealing member detachably connected in sealing relationship to the lower section of the shear pin housing;
a lower seal housing having an upper section, a lower section, and an internal bore, the upper section of the lower seal housing detachably connected in sealing relationship to the lower section of the sealing member;
a lower tubular member having an upper section, a lower section, and an internal bore, the upper section of the lower tubular member detachably connected in sealing relationship to the lower section of the lower seal housing;
an ignitor sub having an upper section and a lower section, the upper section of the ignitor sub detachably connected in sealing relationship with the lower section of the lower tubular member;
a differential pressure piston having a plunger section and a stem section, the plunger section having an upper end and a lower end, the stem section having a lower end, the upper end of the plunger section including one or more sealing means, the lower end of the plunger section including one or more sealing means, wherein the lower end of the plunger section cooperatively engages the shoulder of the shear pin housing member when the differential pressure piston is in a stationary, non-actuated position;
a female locking piston having an upper section and a lower section, the upper section of the female locking piston containing a recess accommodating the lower end of the stem section of the differential pressure piston when the differential pressure piston is in the stationary, non-actuated position, the upper section of the female locking piston including an impact force absorbing means operatively associated with the lower end section of the stem section of the differential pressure piston, the female locking piston including a plurality of sealing means;
a firing rod having an upper section and a lower section, the upper section of the firing rod detachably connected to the lower section of the female locking piston;
wherein the shear pin housing member includes one or more shear pins selectively retaining the differential pressure piston in the stationary, non-actuated position.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the upper tubular member comprises:
a first mandrel member having an upper section, a lower section, and an external rubber cup assembly, the upper section of the first mandrel member detachably connected to the lower section of the retrieving member;
a first coupling member having an upper section and a lower section, the upper section of the first coupling member detachably coupled to the lower section of the first mandrel member;
a longitudinally extending tubular member having an upper section, a lower section, and a mid-section containing a bow string centralizer assembly, the upper section of the longitudinally extending tubular member detachably coupled to the lower section of the first coupling member;
a second coupling member having an upper section and a lower section, the upper section of the second coupling member detachably coupled to the lower section of the longitudinally extending tubular member; and
a second mandrel member having an upper section, a lower section, and an external rubber cup assembly, the upper section of the second mandrel member detachably connected to the lower section of the second coupling member, the lower section of the second mandrel member detachably connected to the upper section of the sealing plug member.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the external rubber cup assembly of the first and second mandrel members each includes a plurality of rubber cup-like projections capable of causing a well bore fluid drag force during deployment of the apparatus in the drill pipe string or receiving a fluid pressure force to push the apparatus down the drill pipe string during deployment.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the bow string centralizer assembly comprises a plurality of centralizers capable of causing a drag force by contacting an inner bore wall of the drill pipe string during deployment of the apparatus.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the sealing plug member includes one or more annular sealing means.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the shear pin housing member includes one or more annular sealing means.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the lower seal housing comprises:
a first seal housing member having an upper section, a lower section, and an internal bore, the upper section of the first seal housing detachably connected in sealing relationship to the lower section of the sealing member;
a second seal housing having an upper section, a lower section, and an internal bore, the upper section of the second seal housing detachably connected to the lower section of the first seal housing, the lower section of the second seal housing detachably connected in sealing relationship to the upper section of the lower tubular member.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the lower section of the first seal housing includes one or more recesses, each recess housing a set screw to maintain the connection of the lower section of the first seal housing to the upper section of the second seal housing.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the lower section of the second seal housing includes one or more annular sealing means.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the lower tubular member includes a bow string centralizer assembly.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the bow string centralizer assembly comprises a plurality of centralizers capable of causing a drag force by contacting an inner bore wall of the drill pipe string during deployment of the apparatus.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the lower section of the lower tubular member includes one or more annular sealing means.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the impact force absorbing means comprises a groove and a plurality of metal balls retained within the groove, the metal balls contacting the lower end of the stem section of the differential pressure piston when the differential pressure piston is in the stationary, non-actuated position.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the groove includes a downward tapered surface.
15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the metal balls are made of steel.
16. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein when the differential pressure piston is in a fully actuated position, the shear pins have sheared at a pre-determined well bore fluid pressure, the differential pressure piston has moved upwards within the internal bore of the upper piston cylinder member displacing the lower end of the stem section of the differential pressure piston from the recess in the upper section of the female locking piston causing the metal balls to be displaced from the groove in the upper section of the female locking piston, the female locking piston and connected firing rod have moved downward causing the lower section of the firing rod to actuate the ignitor sub.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a retrieving member including an upper section and a lower section, the upper section of the retrieving member having a fish neck profile for connection of a fishing tool, and wherein the upper section of the upper tubular member is detachably connected to the lower section of the retrieving member.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the one or more sealing means of upper end of the plunger section comprise an upper O-ring and a lower O-ring and wherein the one or more sealing means of the lower end of the plunger section comprise an upper O-ring and a lower O-ring.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the lower O-ring of the upper end of the plunger section and the upper and lower O-rings of the lower end of the plunger section each have a ring-diameter size that is equal.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the upper O-ring of the upper end of the plunger section has a ring-diameter size larger than the ring-diameter size of the lower O-ring of the upper end of the plunger section and the upper and lower O-rings of the lower end of the plunger section.