1. A two-axis actuator comprising:
a substrate;
an anchor unit fixed on the substrate, the anchor unit comprising approximately rectangular sides, including first sides facing each other and extending in a first direction, the first sides having a plurality of corresponding discrete portions;
first actuating parts disposed in regions adjacent to second sides of the anchor unit extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the first actuating parts moveable in the first direction;
second actuating parts disposed a predetermined distance above the substrate and formed between the first actuating parts in a region adjacent to the first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction, the second actuating parts moveable in the second direction;
a stage of a rectangular shape disposed on the second actuating parts so as to be movable in the second direction;
a third actuating part separately disposed between the stage and the anchor unit, wherein the third actuating part is disposed on the first actuating parts as one body to move the stage in the first direction by a movement of the first actuating parts;
first direction deformable springs disposed at inner faces of the anchor unit for enabling the first actuating parts to move in the first direction; and
second deformable springs disposed at inner faces of the third actuating part for enabling the second actuating parts to move in the second direction.
2. The two-axis actuator of claim 1, wherein the first actuating part comprises:
a plurality of first actuating frames disposed at a predetermined distance above the substrate, wherein upper parts of the first actuating frames are connected to the third actuating part, and the first actuating frames are disposed in parallel to the second sides of the anchor unit extending in the second direction;
a plurality of first fixed frames disposed alternately with and parallel to the first actuating frames;
a plurality of first actuating comb electrodes extending from the first actuating frames toward corresponding first fixed frames; and
a plurality of first fixed comb electrodes disposed alternately with and parallel to the actuating comb electrodes and extending from the first fixed frames.
3. The two-axis actuator of claim 2, wherein the first direction deformable springs connect the ends of the first actuating frames to the first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction.
4. The two-axis actuator of claim 2, wherein the first direction deformable springs connect the first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction to outer sides of the third actuating part.
5. The two-axis actuator of claim 2, further comprising first main frames connecting centers of the first actuating frames adjacent to the second sides of the anchor unit extending in the second direction, wherein the first fixed frames are disposed on both sides of the first main frames.
6. The two-axis actuator of claim 5, wherein the second actuating part comprises:
a plurality of second fixed frames disposed in parallel to the first sides of the anchor extending in the first direction;
second main frames connecting centers of the second fixed frames, wherein an end of each of the second main frames is extended toward the first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction;
first fixing beams connected to ends of the second main frame, wherein an upper part of each of the first fixing beams is connected to the third actuating part;
a plurality of second actuating frames disposed alternately with and in parallel to the second fixed frames on both sides of the second main frames, wherein an upper part of each of the second actuating frames is connected to the stage;
third main frames, connected to outer ends of the second actuating frames;
a plurality of second actuating comb electrodes extending from the second actuating frames toward the second fixed frames; and
a plurality of fixed comb electrodes extending from the second fixed frames and disposed alternately with and in parallel to the second actuating comb electrodes.
7. The two-axis actuator of claim 6 wherein the second direction deformable springs are disposed between the stage and the third actuating part.
8. The two-axis actuator of claim 6, further comprising second fixing beams disposed at a predetermined distance outward from the third main frames, wherein an upper part of each of the second fixing beams is connected to the third actuating part, and the second direction deformable springs are disposed between the second fixing beams and the third main frames.
9. The two-axis actuator of claim 6, further comprising first direction deformable springs disposed between the first fixing beams and the corresponding first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction.
10. The two-axis actuator of claim 6, further comprising second direction deformable springs to connect ends of the first main frames to the third main frames.
11. The two-axis actuator of claim 1, wherein a plurality of openings are formed in the third actuating part.
12. The two-axis actuator of claim 1, wherein the first actuating part comprises:
a plurality of first fixed frames disposed on the substrate in parallel to the second sides of the anchor unit extending in the second direction;
a plurality of first actuating frames disposed at a predetermined distance above the substrate, wherein upper parts of the first actuating frames are connected to the third actuating part, and the first actuating frames are disposed alternately with and in parallel to the first fixed frames;
a plurality of actuating comb electrodes extending from the first actuating frames toward the first fixed frames; and
a plurality of fixed comb electrodes disposed alternately with and in parallel to the actuating comb electrodes extending from the first fixed frames.
13. The two-axis actuator of claim 12, wherein the first direction deformable springs connect ends of the first actuating frames to the first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction.
14. The two-axis actuator of claim 12, wherein the first direction deformable springs connect the first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction to outer sides of the third actuating part.
15. The two-axis actuator of claim 12, further comprising first main frames connecting centers of the first fixed frames, wherein the first actuating frames are disposed on both sides of the first main frames.
16. The two-axis actuator of claim 15, wherein the second actuating part comprises:
a plurality of second fixed frames disposed in parallel to the first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction;
second main frames connecting centers of the second fixed frames, and wherein an end of each of the second main frames is extended toward the first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction;
first fixing beams connected to ends of the second main frames, wherein an upper part of each of first fixing beams is connected to the third actuating part;
a plurality of second actuating frames disposed alternately with and in parallel to the second fixed frames on both sides of the second main frames, wherein an upper part of each of the second actuating frames is connected to the stage;
third main frames extending in the second direction and separated at a predetermined distance from the outer ends of the second actuating frames, wherein an upper part of each of the third main frames is connected to the third actuating part;
a plurality of second actuating comb electrodes extending from the second actuating frames toward the second fixed frames; and
a plurality of second fixed comb electrodes disposed alternately with and in parallel to the second actuating comb electrodes and extending from the second fixed frames.
17. The two-axis actuator of claim 16, further comprising second fixing beams connected to outer ends of the second fixed frames under the third actuating part.
18. The two-axis actuator of claim 16, wherein the second direction deformable springs are disposed between the stage and the third actuating part.
19. The two-axis actuator of claim 16, wherein the second direction deformable springs connect ends of the second actuating frames facing the second sides of the anchor unit extending in the second direction to corresponding sides of the third main frame.
20. The two-axis actuator of claim 16, further comprising first direction deformable springs disposed between ends of the third main frames and the first sides of the anchor unit extending in the first direction.
21. The two-axis actuator of claim 12, wherein a plurality of openings are formed in the third actuating part.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A compound of the following Formula I
7
wherein:
R1 through R14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Amine, Halogen, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl,
is a single or double covalent bond,
Y1 and Y2 are H or OH when is a single covalent bond,
X1 and X2 are a single covalent bond, oxygen, or a carbonyl group, and
Z is CH2, O, N, or S.
2. The compound of Formula I as in claim 1 wherein:
R2, R3, R4, and R12 are lower alkoxy
R1, R5 through R11, R13, and R14 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, OH, Halogen, Amine, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl;
is a double covalent bond,
X1 is a single covalent bond, oxygen, or a carbonyl group,
X2 is a single covalent bond, and
Z is S.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein:
R6 or R8 are lower alkoxy,
R11 is OH, amine, phosphate or phosphoramidate,
X1 is a single covalent bond,
and the remaining R1 through R14 are H.
4. The compound of claim 2, wherein:
R6 or R8 are lower alkoxy,
R11 is OH, amine, phosphate or phosphoramidate,
X1 is oxygen,
and the remaining R1 through R14 are H.
5. The compound of claim 2, wherein:
R6 or R8 are lower alkoxy,
R11 is OH, amine, phosphate or phosphoramidate,
X1 is a carbonyl,
and the remaining R1 through R14 are H.
6. The compound of the Formula I as in claim 1, wherein:
R3 and R11 through R13 are lower alkoxy
R1, R2, R4 through R10, and R14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Halogen, Amine, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl;
is a double covalent bond,
X1 is a single covalent bond,
X2 is single covalent bond, oxygen, or a carbonyl group; and
Z is O.
7. The compound of claim 6, wherein:
R6 or R8 are lower alkoxy,
at least one of R1, R2, R4, or R5 is OH, amine, phosphate or phosphoramidate,
X2 is a single covalent bond,
and the remaining R1 through R14 are H.
8. The compound of claim 6 wherein:
R6 or R8 are lower alkoxy,
at least one of R1, R2, R4, and R5 is OH, amine, phosphate or phosphoramidate,
X2 is oxygen,
and the remaining R1 through R14 are H.
9. The compound of claim 6, wherein:
R6 or R8 are lower alkoxy,
at least one of R1, R2, R4, and R5 is OH, amine, phosphate or phosphoramidate,
X2 is a carbonyl,
and the remaining R1 through R14 are H.
10. A compound of Formula II:
8
wherein:
R1 through R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Amine, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl Group;
z,1 is a single or double covalent bond, with the proviso that Y is H or OH when z,1 is a single covalent bond; and
X is a single covalent bond, oxygen, or carbonyl group.
11. A compound of Formula III:
9
wherein:
R1 through R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Amine, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl Group, and
X is a single covalent bond, oxygen, or carbonyl group.
12. The compound of Formula III as in claim 11 wherein:
R2 through R4 are lower alkoxy,
X is a carbonyl group or a single covalent bond, and
the remaining R1 through R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Amine, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl Group.
13. A method for treating a vascular proliferative disorder in an animal comprising administering to an animal an effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
10
wherein:
R1 through R14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Amine, Halogen, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl,
is a single or double covalent bond,
Y1 and Y2 are H or OH when z,1 is a single covalent bond,
X1 and X2 are a single covalent bond, oxygen, or a carbonyl group, and
Z is CH2, O, N, or S.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the vascular proliferative disorder is characterized by the presence of malignant proliferating vasculature.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the malignant proliferating vasculature is associated with a tumor or other neoplastic disease.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein the vascular proliferative disorder is characterized by the presence of nonmalignant proliferating vasculature.
17. The method of 16 wherein the nonmalignant proliferating vasculature is associated with an ocular disease selected from the group consisting of wet or age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic molecular edema, uveitis, or corneal neovascularization.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the nonmalignant proliferating vasculature is associated with a nonocular disease state selected from the group consisting of psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, atheroma, restenosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, haemangioma, and inflammatory disease.
19. A method for selectively reducing the flow of blood to at least a portion of a neoplastic region, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound the following Formula I
11
wherein:
R1 through R14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Amine, Halogen, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl,
is a single or double covalent bond,
Y1 and Y2 are H or OH when is a single covalent bond,
X1 and X2 are independently a single covalent bond, oxygen, or a carbonyl group, and
Z is optionally CH2, O, N, or S,
thereby causing substantial necrosis of tissue in the neoplastic region without substantial necrosis of tissue in adjoining regions.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the reduction in tumor blood flow is reversible such that normal tumor blood flow is restored following cessation of treatment.
21. A method for treating neoplastic disease in an animal comprising administering to an animal an antiproliferative amount of a compound of Formula 1:
12
wherein:
R1 through R14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Amine, Halogen, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl,
is a single or double covalent bond,
Y1 and Y2 are H or OH when is a single covalent bond,
X1 and X2 are a single covalent bond, oxygen, or a carbonyl group, and
Z is CH2, O, N, or S.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the compound has the direct result of causing tumor cell cytotoxicity due to inhibition of mitosis.
23. A method for inhibiting tubulin polymerization by contacting a tubulin-containing system with a compound of Formula 1.
13
wherein:
R1 through R14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Amine, Halogen, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, or Amino Acid Acyl,
is a single and double covalent bond,
Y1 and Y2 are H or OH when is a single covalent bond,
X1 and X2 are a single covalent bond, oxygen, or a carbonyl group, and
Z is optionally CH2, O, N, or S.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein said system is a tumor cell.
25. A pharmaceutical formulation containing a compound of Formula 1
14
wherein:
R1 through R14 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, Alkyl, Aryl, Benzyl, Amine, Halogen, Lower Alkoxy, Phosphate, Phosphoramidate, and Amino Acid Acyl,
is a single or double covalent bond,
Y1 and Y2 are H or OH when is a single covalent bond,
X1 and X2 are independently a single covalent bond, oxygen, or a carbonyl group,
Z is CH2, O, N, or S; and
a pharmaceutically suitable carrier.