1. An apparatus for creating a visual display, comprising:
a body comprising a sidewall with a substantially planar display surface;
a faceplate affixed to the sidewall of the body adjacent the display surface, the faceplate including a view port;
a magnifying lens element positioned within the view port configured for focusing on the display surface;
a mirror element positioned on the display surface and aligned with the magnifying lens element; and
a primary image element provided upon the mirror element.
2. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the lens element comprises a Fresnel lens spaced apart from the mirror element.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising additional image elements positioned proximate to the lens element, wherein the additional image elements are visible via the mirror element through the lens element.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lens element and mirror elements are circular with substantially equivalent diameters.
5. An apparatus for creating a visual display, comprising:
a body comprising a sidewall with a display surface;
a faceplate affixed to the sidewall of the body adjacent the display surface, the faceplate including a view port extending there through;
a lens element positioned within the view port to be spaced apart from the display surface a separation distance;
a mirror element positioned on the display surface and aligned with the lens element, wherein the lens is configured for focusing on a portion of the display surface including the mirror element; and
a primary image element provided upon the mirror element.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the mirror element is planar and the separation distance is greater than a few mils and less than about 0.75 inches.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising additional image elements positioned proximate to the lens element, wherein the additional image elements are visible via the mirror element through the lens element.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the lens element and mirror elements are circular with substantially equivalent diameters.
9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the lens element comprises a magnifying lens providing a magnification of the primary image element to a viewer viewing mirror element through the lens element.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising foreground image elements positioned proximate to the lens element, wherein the magnification is selected to place an image created from the primary image element in a different plane than an image created from the foreground. image elements when the primary and foreground image elements are concurrently viewed by the viewer.
11. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the primary image element comprises images formed directly upon a surface of the mirror element facing the faceplate using printing or laser hologram techniques.
12. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the primary image element comprises a decal attached to a surface of the mirror element facing the faceplate.
13. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the mirror element has a surface upon which the primary image element is provided and wherein the surface has an area greater in size than an area of the display surface visible by a viewer through the lens element.
14. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the body has an inner chamber defined by the sidewall for holding a volume of liquid and wherein a void between the faceplate and the display surface contains air.
15. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the lens element and the mirror element are both circular in shape with substantially equivalent diameters.
16. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the lens element and the mirror element both have planar bodies.
17. An apparatus for creating a visual display, comprising:
a body comprising a sidewall with an outward-facing display surface;
a faceplate affixed to the sidewall of the body adjacent the display surface, the faceplate including a view port set apart from the display surface by a separation distance of at least about a few mils;
a magnifying lens positioned within the view port configured for focusing upon the display surface;
a mirror element positioned on the display surface;
a primary image element provided upon the mirror element; and
foreground image elements positioned proximate to the lens element, wherein the additional image elements are visible via the mirror element through the lens element concurrently with an image created from the primary image element.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the mirror element is planar.
19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein a magnification provided by the magnifying lens places the viewed image of the primary image element in a different plane than the foreground image elements.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the primary image element comprises images formed directly upon a surface of the mirror element facing the faceplate, wherein the mirror element has a surface upon which the primary image element is provided, and wherein the surface has an area greater in size than an area of the display surface visible by a viewer through the lens element.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-11. (canceled)
12. A method comprising:
preparing an object including an insulator layer having a trench, a barrier layer provided on the insulator layer, and a conductor layer provided on the barrier layer, wherein each of the barrier layer and the conductor layer has a portion positioned inside the trench and a portion positioned outside the trench;
preparing a polishing composition containing more tan 0.1% by mass of colloidal silica, fumed oxide-particles, a periodic acid, and water, and having a pH of 6 or less; and
polishing the object, by using the polishing composition, to remove at least parts of the portions of the barrier layer and the conductor layer positioned outside the trench.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the barrier layer is formed from titanium nitride or titanium.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the conductor layer is formed from tungsten, copper, or aluminum.
15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the average particle size of the colloidal silica is in a range from 1 to 25 nm.
16. The method according to claim 12, wherein the fumed oxide-particles comprise fumed silica, fumed alumina, fumed titania, or fumed zirconia.
17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the average particle size of the fumed oxide-particles is in a range from 15 to 45 nm.
18. The method according to claim 12, wherein the ratio of weight of the fumed oxide-particles in the polishing composition to the total weight of the colloidal silica and the fumed oxide-particles in the polishing composition is in a range from 77 to 97%.
19. The method according to claim 12, wherein the polishing composition further contains ammonium nitrate.
20. The method according to claim 12, wherein the polishing composition further contains benzotriazole or its derivatives.
21. The method according to claim 12, wherein the polishing composition further contains a surface active agent.
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the surface active agent is an anionic surface active agent or a nonionic surface active agent.
23. A method comprising;
preparing an object including an insulator layer having a trench, a titanium nitride or titanium barrier layer provided on the insulator layer, and a tungsten conductor layer provided on the barrier layer, wherein each of the barrier layer and the conductor layer has a portion positioned inside the trench and a portion positioned outside the trench;
preparing a polishing composition containing more than 0.1% by mass of colloidal silica, fumed oxide-particles, orthoperiodic acid, ammonium nitrate, and water, and having a pH of 6 or less; and
polishing the object, by using the polishing composition, to remove at least parts of the portions of the barrier layer and the conductor layer positioned outside the trench.