1. An optical glass composition comprising, in % by mole,
0% or more and 25.0% or less of SiO2,
20.0% or more and 40.0% or less of B2O3,
0% or more and 5.0% or less of Li2O,
3.0% or more and 15.0% or less of ZnO,
0% or more and 10.0% or less of ZrO2,
2.0% or more and 7.0% or less of Ta2O5,
6.0% or more and 25.0% or less of La2O3,
5.0% or more and 22.0% or less of Gd2O3,
66.5% or less of La2O3+Gd2O3+B2O3 and
26.0% or more of La2O3+Gd2O3, and having
a refractive index (nd) to the d-line of 1.83 or higher and 1.86 or lower, an Abbe number (vd) to the d-line of 43 or higher and 46 or lower, and a liquidus temperature of 1300\xb0 C. or lower.
2. A preform comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 1, that is softened by heating so as to be used at least for press molding.
3. An optical element comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 1.
4. An optical glass composition comprising, in % by mole,
5.0% or more and 25.0% or less of SiO2,
25.0% or more and 40.0% or less of B2O3,
10.0% or more and 15.0% or less of ZnO,
0% or more and 5.0% or less of ZrO2,
10.0% or more and 25.0% or less of La2O3,
5.0% or more and 20.0% or less of Gd2O3 and
0% or more and 5.0% or less of Ta2O5, wherein
La2O3Gd2O3 is, in molar ratio, more than 0 and less than 3.5, wherein
the composition substantially contains no Li2O, and wherein
the composition has a refractive index (nd) to the d-line of 1.83 or higher and 1.87 or lower, an Abbe number (vd) to the d-line of 43 or higher and 47 or lower, and a liquidus temperature of 1300\xb0 C. or lower.
5. A preform comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 4, that is softened by heating so as to be used at least for press molding.
6. An optical element comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 4.
7. An optical glass composition comprising, in % by mole,
5.0% or more and 25.0% or less of SiO2,
20.0% or more and 40.0% or less of B2O3,
0% or more and 15.0% or less of ZnO,
0% or more and 5.0% or less of ZrO2,
10.0% or more and 25.0% or less of La2O3,
0% or more and 5.0% or less of Ta2O5 and
5.0% or more and 20.0% or less of Gd2O3, wherein
SiO2B2O3 is, in molar ratio, 0.25 or more and 0.90 or less, wherein
the composition substantially contains no Li2O, and wherein
the composition has a refractive index (nd) to the d-line of 1.83 or higher and 1.87 or lower, an Abbe number (vd) to the d-line of 43 or higher and 47 or lower, and a liquidus temperature of 1300\xb0 C. or lower.
8. A preform comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 7, that is softened by heating so as to be used at least for press molding.
9. An optical element comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 7.
10. An optical glass composition comprising, in % by mole,
0% or more and 10.0% or less of SiO2,
30.0% or more and 45.0% or less of B2O3,
0% or more and 5.0% or less of Li2O,
0% or more and 12.0% or less of ZnO,
0% or more and 10.0% or less of ZrO2,
10.0% or more and 20.0% or less of La2O3,
3.0% or more and 10.0% or less of Ta2O5,
11.0% or more and 20.0% or less of Ta2O5+ZrO2 and
5.0% or more and 20.0% or less of Gd2O3, and having
a refractive index (nd) to the d-line of 1.83 or higher and 1.86 or lower, an Abbe number (vd) to the d-line of 43 or higher and 45 or lower, and a liquidus temperature of 1200\xb0 C. or lower.
11. A preform comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 10, that is softened by heating so as to be used at least for press molding.
12. An optical element comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 10.
13. An optical glass composition comprising, in % by mole,
0% or more and 10.0% or less of SiO2,
35.0% or more and 45.0% or less of B2O3,
0% or more and 5.0% or less of Li2O,
0% or more and 12.0% or less of ZnO,
0% or more and 10.0% or less of ZrO2,
10.0% or more and 20.0% or less of La2O3,
3.0% or more and 10.0% or less of Ta2O5,
10.0% or more and 22.0% or less of Ta2O5+ZnO and
5.0% or more and 20.0% or less of Gd2O3, and having
a refractive index (nd) to the d-line of 1.83 or higher and 1.86 or lower, an Abbe number (vd) to the d-line of 43 or higher and 46 or lower, and a liquidus temperature of 1200\xb0 C. or lower.
14. A preform comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 13, that is softened by heating so as to be used at least for press molding.
15. An optical element comprising the optical glass composition as claimed in claim 13.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of replenishing two-component developer in an electrophotographic (EP) printer, comprising:
providing the EP printer having a photoreceptor movable at a process surface speed;
receiving image data and producing a latent image on the photoreceptor corresponding to the image data;
supplying toner to the latent image by bringing developer containing toner particles and carrier particles into proximity with the latent image on the photoreceptor using a toning member, so that toner particles are removed from the developer to produce depleted developer;
transporting the depleted developer to a return channel, the return channel being adapted to move depleted developer therein at a channel speed;
automatically using a processor to estimate, as a replenishment amount of toner to be added to the return channel, the amount of toner supplied to the latent image in a diagonal swath on the photoreceptor defined by the process surface speed and the channel speed using the received image data; and
adding the replenishment amount of toner to the depleted developer in the return channel, whereby the developer is replenished.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising mixing the added replenishment amount of toner with the depleted developer in the return channel.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the added replenishment amount of toner occupies a selected span of the length of the return channel, and the diagonal swath has a width substantially equal to the selected span and has a long axis set at an angle to the return channel substantially equal to the arctangent of the quantity of the process surface speed divided by the channel speed.
4. The method according to claim 1, further including:
supplying developer to the toning member using a feed member adapted to move developer containing toner particles at a feed speed;
using the processor to calculate a boost amount of toner to be added to the return channel by estimating the amount of toner to be supplied to the latent image in a cross-track swath on the photoreceptor having a length calculated using the process surface speed and selected using the channel speed, the length of the return channel, the length of the feed member, and the feed speed; and
adding the boost amount of toner to the depleted developer in the return channel, wherein the boost amount of toner is added before toner is supplied to the latent image in the cross-track swath.
5. A method of replenishing two-component developer in an electrophotographic (EP) printer, comprising:
providing the EP printer having a photoreceptor movable at a process surface speed;
receiving image data and producing a latent image on the photoreceptor corresponding to the image data;
supplying toner to the latent image by bringing developer containing toner particles and carrier particles into proximity with the latent image on the photoreceptor using a toning member, so that toner particles are removed from the developer and applied to the latent image to produce depleted developer and a visible image on the photoreceptor;
transporting depleted developer to a return channel, the return channel being adapted to move depleted developer therein at a channel speed;
measuring the respective potentials of the latent image or the respective densities of the visible image at a plurality of points on the photoreceptor arranged along a diagonal swath on the photoreceptor defined by the process surface speed and the channel speed;
automatically using a processor to estimate, as a replenishment amount of toner to be added to the return channel, the amount of toner supplied to the latent image in the diagonal swath using the measured potentials or densities; and
adding the replenishment amount of toner to the depleted developer in the return channel, whereby the developer is replenished.
6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising mixing the added replenishment amount of toner with the depleted developer in the return channel.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the added replenishment amount of toner occupies a selected span of the length of the return channel, and the diagonal swath has a width substantially equal to the selected span and has a long axis set at an angle to the return channel substantially equal to the arctangent of the quantity of the process surface speed divided by the channel speed.
8. The method according to claim 5, further including:
supplying developer to the toning member using a feed member adapted to move developer containing toner particles at a feed speed;
using the processor to calculate a boost amount of toner to be added to the return channel by using the image data to estimate the amount of toner to be supplied to the latent image in a cross-track swath on the photoreceptor having a length calculated using the process surface speed and selected using the channel speed, the length of the return channel, the length of the feed member, and the feed speed; and
adding the boost amount of toner to the depleted developer in the return channel, wherein the boost amount of toner is added before toner is supplied to the latent image in the cross-track swath.