1. A separator plate for a PEM fuel cell comprising:
a one-piece metal plate member having an inlet header, an outlet header, and a flow field therebetween;
a first aperture of said inlet header and a second aperture of said outlet header operable to receive a fluid therethrough, said first and second apertures formed entirely through said metal plate member and each having a perimeter with a constant first elevation;
a series of first support elements proximate said first aperture and extending from a first plane to a second elevation defining a second plane;
a second support element located proximate said first aperture and extending from said first plane to said second plane, said second support element bounding said first aperture in a first, second and third direction such that fluid is directed in a fourth direction between said series of first support elements toward said flow field;
a series of third support elements proximate said second aperture and extending from said first plane to said second plane;
a fourth support element located proximate said second aperture and extending from said first plane to said second plane, said fourth support element bounding said second aperture in said second, third and fourth direction such that fluid is directed in said first direction toward said second aperture, wherein said fourth support element includes a plurality of finger portions extending toward said second aperture; and
wherein said first aperture is located between said series of first support elements and said second support element and said second aperture is located between said series of third support elements and said fourth support element.
2. The separator plate of claim 1, wherein said inlet header includes a series of first apertures and said outlet header includes a series of second apertures.
3. The separator plate of claim 2, wherein said second support element extends adjacent to said series of first apertures and said fourth support element extends adjacent to said series of second apertures.
4. The separator plate of claim 2, wherein said series of first and third support elements are arranged in a generally linear pattern along said first plane and said first and second series of apertures are arranged in a generally linear pattern along said first plane and parallel to said series of first and third support elements respectively.
5. The separator plate of claim 2, wherein fluid flows from said flow field to said series of second apertures between said series of third support elements.
6. A separator plate for a PEM fuel cell comprising:
a one-piece metal plate member having an inlet header, an outlet header, and a flow field therebetween;
an inlet aperture of said inlet header and an outlet aperture of said outlet header operable to receive a fluid therethrough, said inlet and outlet apertures each formed entirely through said metal plate member from a lower surface of said metal plate member to an upper surface of said metal plate member, wherein said inlet and outlet apertures each have a first boundary on said upper surface and a second boundary on said lower surface, wherein said first boundary is entirely coplanar and said second boundary is entirely coplanar;
a series of first support elements proximate said inlet aperture and extending from a first plane having a first elevation to a second plane having a second elevation, said series of first support elements directing fluid towards said flow field;
a second support element located proximate said inlet aperture and extending from said first plane to said second plane, said second support element bounding said inlet aperture in a first, second and third direction such that fluid is directed in a fourth direction toward said series of first support elements;
a series of third support elements proximate said outlet aperture and extending from said first plane to said second plane;
a fourth support element located proximate said outlet aperture and extending from said first plane to said second plane, said fourth support element bounding said second aperture in said second, third and fourth direction such that fluid is directed in said first direction toward said outlet aperture, wherein said fourth support element includes a plurality of finger portions extending toward said outlet aperture; and
wherein said inlet aperture is located between said series of first support elements and said second support element and said outlet aperture is located between said series of third support elements and said fourth support element.
7. The separator plate of claim 6, wherein said inlet header includes a series of inlet apertures and said outlet header includes a series of outlet apertures.
8. The separator plate of claim 7, wherein said second support element extends adjacent said series of inlet apertures and said fourth support element extends adjacent said series of outlet apertures.
9. The separator plate of claim 7, wherein said series of first and third support elements are arranged in a generally linear pattern along said first plane and said series of inlet and outlet apertures are arranged in a generally linear pattern along said first plane and parallel to said series of first and third support elements respectively.
10. The separator plate of claim 7, wherein fluid flows from said flow field to said series of outlet apertures between said series of third support elements.
11. A separator plate for a PEM fuel cell comprising:
a one-piece metal plate member having an inlet header, an outlet header, and a flow field therebetween;
said inlet header having a series of first support elements, a second support element and an inlet aperture therebetween;
said outlet header having a series of third support elements, a fourth support element and an outlet aperture therebetween;
wherein said first and second support elements extend from a first plane at a first elevation to a second plane having a second elevation, said second support element bounding fluid from said inlet aperture in a first, a second and a third direction such that fluid is directed in a fourth direction toward said series of first support elements;
wherein said third and fourth support elements extend from said first plane to said second plane, said fourth support element having a plurality of finger portions extending toward said outlet aperture, said fourth support element bounding fluid in said second, third and fourth directions such that fluid is directed in said first direction toward said outlet aperture; and
wherein said inlet and outlet apertures extend entirely through said metal plate member from a lower surface of said metal plate member to an upper surface of said metal plate member, said inlet and outlet apertures having a first boundary on said upper surface and a second boundary on said lower surface, said first boundary being entirely coplanar and said second boundary being entirely coplanar.
12. The separator plate of claim 11, wherein said inlet header includes a series of inlet apertures and said outlet header includes a series of outlet apertures.
13. The separator plate of claim 12, wherein said second support element extends adjacent said series of inlet apertures and said fourth support element extends adjacent said series of outlet apertures.
14. The separator plate of claim 12, wherein said series of first and third support elements are arranged in a generally linear pattern along said first plane and said series of inlet and outlet apertures are arranged in a generally linear pattern along said first plane and parallel to said series of first and third support elements respectively.
15. The separator plate of claim 12, wherein fluid flows from said flow field to said series of outlet apertures between said series of third support elements.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method to charge batteries of portable devices simultaneously with supplying power to these devices for their operations is comprising the following steps:
(1) providing a DC power source, a supply regulator, one or more rechargeable batteries, a battery charger controlled by a digital control unit, a voltage comparator, and a capacitor;
(2) setting charge current to charge batteries to a predefined default current level;
(3) delaying process flow for a defined time interval and go then to step (4);
(4) checking if voltage at inputs of said portable device and of said battery charger is lower than a defined threshold voltage, and, if positive, go to step (5) else go to step (7);
(5) checking, if said charge current is zero, and if positive, go to step (3) else go to step (6);
(6) decreasing said charge current and go then to step (3);
(7) checking if said charge current is smaller than said predefined default current level, and if positive, go to step (8), else go to step (3); and
(8) increasing said charge current and go then to step (3).
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said delay time has an order of magnitude of 100 \u03bcsec.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said DC power source has a maximum allowable current limit.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said DC power source is a universal serial bus (USB) port.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein said DC power source is a FirewireIEEE1394 port.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein said DC power source is a current limited wall brick.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein said supply regulator does allow a maximum output current, which is slightly lower than said maximum allowable current limit of said DC power source.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said digital control performs said check if said charge current is zero and sends the result to said digital control unit.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said digital control performs said check if said charge current is smaller than said predefined default current level and sends the result to said digital control unit.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said supply regulator, one or more rechargeable batteries, the battery charger, the digital control unit, and the voltage comparator are integrated in said portable device.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said supply regulator is a linear regulator.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said supply regulator is a switched regulator.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein said digital control controls the battery charger in a way that the current required for the operation of the portable device has precedence over the charging current of the batteries.