What is claimed is:
1. A liquid crystal display element comprising:
a pair of bases of which one base is a transparent base transmitting light;
liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy sealed between the pair of bases; and
an inorganic alignment layer formed on each surface of the pair of bases facing toward the liquid crystals, the alignment layer orientating a pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystals toward an angle of 3 to 10 degrees.
2. A method of forming an alignment layer of a liquid crystal display element comprising:
a pair of bases of which one base is a transparent base transmitting light;
liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy sealed between the pair of bases; and
an inorganic alignment layer formed on each surface of the pair of bases facing toward the liquid crystals, the alignment layer orientating a pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystals toward an angle of 3 to 10 degrees,
the method is further characterized in that
each of the pair of bases is displaced in a filming apparatus such that vapor stream of a material for the inorganic alignment layer displaced in the filming apparatus enters into each of the pair of bases at an angle of 40 to 60 degrees with respect to each normal line of the pair of bases,
a gas pressure of either oxygen gas or inert gas introduced into the filming apparatus is controlled so as to conduct the pre-tilt angle to be an angle of 3 to 10 degrees, and that the inorganic alignment layer is formed by being evaporated on each surface of the pair of bases.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A solid-state image pickup device comprising:
an optical structure that forms a subject image;
a solid-state image pickup element that converts, into an electrical signal, a subject image formed by the optical structure;
a holding section, holding the optical structure therein, which contains the solid-state image pickup element; and
a cushioning member, disposed between the optical structure and the holding section so as to avoid an optical path of the optical structure, which absorbs an impact of contact between the optical structure and the holding section,
the cushioning member being made of nonmetallic material.
2. The solid-state image pickup device as set forth in claim 1, wherein that surface of the cushioning member which makes contact with the optical structure is coated with a fluorocarbon resin.
3. The solid-state image pickup device as set forth in claim 2, wherein the cushioning member has a first grooved portion formed by removing a part of that surface of the cushioning member which makes contact with the optical structure.
4. The solid-state image pickup device as set forth in claim 2, wherein the cushioning member is coated with grease.
5. The solid-state image pickup device as set forth in claim 4, wherein:
the cushioning member has a plurality of holes formed on a side surface thereof; and
the holes have the grease injected thereinto.
6. The solid-state image pickup device as set forth in claim 4, wherein:
the cushioning member has a second grooved portion formed in a side surface thereof by removing a peripheral part of the side surface; and
the second grooved portion has the grease injected thereinto.
7. The solid-state image pickup device as set forth in claim 4, wherein:
that cross-section of the cushioning member which is parallel to the surface of contact with the optical structure becomes smaller with longer distance from the optical structure; and
the cushioning member has a side surface coated with the grease.
8. The solid-state image pickup device as set forth in claim 4, wherein:
the cushioning member has a plurality of grooves so formed on a back surface thereof as to extend from an edge portion of the back surface to a center of the back surface; and
the grooves have the grease injected thereinto.
9. The solid-state image pickup device as set forth in claim 4, wherein:
the cushioning member has a third grooved portion formed in a back surface thereof by removing a part of that surface of the cushioning member which makes contact with the holding section; and
the third grooved portion has the grease injected thereinto.
10. The solid-state image pickup device as set forth in claim 4, wherein the solid-state image pickup device has at least one of an automatic focus function, a zoom function, and a macro function.
11. An electronic apparatus including a solid-state image pickup device, the solid-state image pickup device comprising:
an optical structure that forms a subject image;
a solid-state image pickup element that converts, into an electrical signal, a subject image formed by the optical structure;
a holding section, holding the optical structure therein, which contains the solid-state image pickup element; and
a cushioning member, disposed between the optical structure and the holding section so as to avoid an optical path of the optical structure, which absorbs an impact of contact between the optical structure and the holding section,
the cushioning member being made of nonmetallic material.