What is claimed is:
1. A detergent composition comprising a maltogenic alpha-amylase enzyme and a detergent ingredient selected from the group consisting of a nonionic surfactant, a protease, a bleaching agent and mixtures thereof.
2. A detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein said maltogenic alpha-amylase enzyme is present at a level of from about 0.0002% to about 10% pure enzyme by weight of the total detergent composition.
3. A detergent composition according to claim 2 wherein said maltogenic alpha-amylase enzyme is present at a level of from about 0.001% to about 2% pure enzyme by weight of the total detergent composition.
4. A detergent composition according to claim 2 wherein said maltogenic alpha-amylase enzyme is present at a level of from about 0.001% to about 1% pure enzyme by weight of the total detergent composition.
5. A detergent composition according to claim 1 further comprising a starch-binding domain.
6. A detergent composition according to claim 5 wherein said starch-binding domain is present in or is added to said maltogenic alpha-amylase enzyme.
7. A detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein said nonionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl alcohols, amide oxides, polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl acids and mixtures thereof.
8. A detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein said bleaching agent is selected from the group consisting of Mn (5,12-dimethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraaza-bicyclo 6.6.2hexadecane)Cl2; Mn (5,12-diethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraaza-bicyclo 6.6.2 hexadecane); the combination of percarbonate with a bleach activator selected from nonanoyloxybenzene-sulfonate, phenolsulfonate ester of N-nonanoyl-6-aminocaproic acid, tetraacetylethylenediamine and mixtures thereof.
9. A detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the protease is selected from the protease Subtilisin 309 from Bacillius subtilis, the Protease B variant with the substitution Y217L described in EP 251 446, the protease D variant with the substitution set N76DS 103AV104I; the protease described in WO9920727, WO9920726 and WO9920723 with the amino acid substitution set 101G103A104I159D232V236H245R248D252K and mixtures thereof.
10. A detergent composition according to claim 1 further comprising an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a lipase, an alpha-amylase, a cyclomaltodextrin transferase, an amyloglucosidase and mixtures thereof
11. Use of a maltogenic alpha-amylase enzyme and a detergent ingredient selected from the group consisting of a nonionic surfactant, a protease, a bleaching agent and mixtures thereof, in a detergent composition for the hydrolysis of retrograded andor raw starch.
12. Use according to claim 11 for the removal of starch-containing stains and soils, and upon formulation into a laundry composition, for excellent whiteness maintenance and dingy cleaning.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for cooling a combustion gas charge for combustion in an engine comprising:
providing a refrigerant compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve in fluid communication with an evaporator, said evaporator receiving said combustion gas charge, said combustion gas charge comprising exhaust gas and compressed air, said exhaust gas and compressed air received separately by the evaporator;
wherein aid exhaust gas and compressed air are mixed in the evaporator;
circulating a refrigerant through said evaporator, wherein said refrigerant enters said evaporator in at least liquid form and exits said evaporator in a vapor form; and
directing said combustion gas charge through said evaporator, wherein said combustion gas charge has a higher mean temperature upon entering said evaporator than upon exiting said evaporator.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said refrigerant comprises water and separating water vapor from said refrigerant.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising delivering said water vapor to an engine radiator.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising cooling said exhaust gas prior to directing said exhaust to said evaporator.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said refrigerant comprises water at a pressure less than 760 mm Hg.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said evaporator has an internal surface area greater than or equal to about 50 ft2.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said refrigerant comprises a fluorocarbon compound.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said refrigerant comprises an aqueous solution having a colligative agent.
9. A system for cooling a combustion gas charge for combustion in an engine comprising:
a refrigerant compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve in fluid communication with an evaporator;
said evaporator receiving said combustion gas charge having a mean temperature T1, said combustion gas charge comprising exhaust gas and compressed air, said exhaust gas and compressed air received separately by the evaporator, wherein aid exhaust gas and compressed air are mixed in the evaporator; and discharging said combustion gas charge from said evaporator having a mean temperature T1, wherein T1> T2; and
said evaporator receiving and discharging a refrigerant, wherein said refrigerant enters said evaporator in at least liquid form and exits said evaporator in a vapor form.
10. The cooling system of claim 9 wherein said evaporator has an internal surface area greater than or equal to about 50 ft2.
11. The cooling system of claim 9 wherein said refrigerant comprises a fluorocarbon compound.
12. The cooling system of claim 9 wherein said refrigerant comprises water at a pressure less than 760 mm Hg.
13. The cooling system of claim 9 wherein said refrigerant comprises an aqueous solution having a colligative agent.
14. The cooling system of claim 9 wherein said compressed air is sourced from a turbocharger.
15. An internal combustion engine comprising:
a source of exhaust gas and a source of compressed air;
a system for cooling a combustion gas charge comprising:
a refrigerant compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve in fluid communication with an evaporator;
said evaporator receiving said combustion gas charge having a mean temperature T1, said combustion gas charge comprising said exhaust gas and said compressed air (emphasis added), said exhaust gas and compressed air received separately by the evaporator; wherein aid exhaust qas and compressed air are mixed in the evaporator; and discharging said combustion gas charge from said evaporator having a mean temperature T2, wherein T1> T2; and
said evaporator receiving and discharging a refrigerant, wherein said refrigerant enters said evaporator in at least liquid form and exits said evaporator in a vapor form.
16. The engine of claim 15 wherein said evaporator has an internal surface area greater than or equal to about 50 ft2.
17. The engine of claim 15 wherein said refrigerant comprises a fluorocarbon compound.
18. The engine of claim 15 wherein said refrigerant comprises an aqueous solution having a colligative agent.
19. The engine of claim 15 wherein said refrigerant comprises water at a pressure less than 760 mm Hg.
20. The engine of claim 15 wherein said compressed air is sourced from a turbocharger.