1. An engine torque control apparatus for controlling an output torque of an engine connected to a transmission in a vehicle, comprising:
a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of oil supplied to the transmission; and
a controller for limiting the output torque of the engine to an engine torque limit or less, said controller being linked to the temperature sensor,
wherein the controller functions to:
compare the oil temperature with a specific temperature;
set the engine torque limit to a first limiting value when the oil temperature is equal to or less than the specific temperature; and
increase the engine torque limit at a predetermined increase rate when the oil temperature is greater than the specific temperature.
2. The engine torque control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller functions to increase the engine torque limit stepwise in every predetermined time when the oil temperature is greater than the specific temperature.
3. The engine torque control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller functions to:
calculate a maximum torque that can be transmitted by the transmission when the oil temperature is equal to or less than the specific temperature; and
set the first limiting value to the maximum transmittable torque.
4. The engine torque control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller functions to compare the engine torque limit with a target engine torque and to change the engine torque limit to a second limiting value at the same that the engine torque limit becomes the target engine torque.
5. The engine torque control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second limiting value is greater than a maximum output torque of the engine.
6. The engine torque control apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a throttle valve provided with the controller for adjusting an air intake of the engine; and
a sensor for detecting an opening of the throttle valve,
wherein the controller functions to increase the value of the predetermined increase rate as the detected throttle valve opening increases.
7. The engine torque control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the specific temperature is the lowest temperature at which a desirable oil pressure can be obtained, and the specific temperature depends on the type of oil.
8. The engine torque control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a microcomputer coupled to the temperature sensor, a fuel injection apparatus for injecting fuel into the engine, a throttle valve for controlling the air intake of the engine, and an ignition apparatus for igniting the fuel; and
the controller functions to limit the output torque of the engine to the engine torque limit or less by adjusting at least one of an amount of fuel injected by the fuel injection apparatus, an opening of the throttle valve, and an ignition timing of the ignition apparatus.
9. A control method for controlling an output torque of an engine connected to a transmission in a vehicle, comprising the steps of:
detecting a temperature of oil supplied to the transmission;
comparing the oil temperature with a specific temperature;
setting an engine torque limit to a first limiting value when the oil temperature is equal to or less than the specific temperature;
increasing the engine torque limit at a predetermined increase rate when the oil temperature is greater than the specific temperature; and
limiting the output torque of the engine to the engine torque limit or less.
10. An engine torque control apparatus for controlling an output torque of an engine connected to a transmission in a vehicle, comprising:
means for detecting a temperature of oil supplied to the transmission; and
means for comparing the oil temperature with a specific temperature;
means for setting an engine torque limit to a first limiting value when the oil temperature is equal to or less than the specific temperature;
means for increasing the engine torque limit at a predetermined increase rate when the oil temperature is greater than the specific temperature; and
means for limiting the output torque of the engine to the engine torque limit or less.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for treating waste glass containing lead, wherein, comprising:
(1) providing glass containing lead, mechanically crushing, ball milling and sieving to obtain glass containing lead powders;
(2) roasting glass containing lead powders with alkaline liquor to obtain a roasted material;
(3) providing polycarboxylic acid complexing agent and nitric acid, mixing to produce leaching agent, immersing the roasted material in the leaching agent to obtain leachate;
(4) regulating pH value of the leachate, precipitating metal ion to obtain precipitates, separating and removing impurities, rinsing and drying to obtain chemical product containing lead.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, roasting temperature in said step (2) is in the range of 500\xb0 C. to 700\xb0 C.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, roasting temperature in said step (2) is 600\xb0 C.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said polycarboxylic acid complexing agent in step (3) is acetic acid or edetic acid.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein, said polycarboxylic acid complexing agent in step (3) is acetic acid, mixed with nitric acid according to the volume ratio of 3:1 to 9.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, immersing time in said step (3) is in the range of 60\xb0 C. to 100\xb0 C.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, immersing time in said step (3) is 80\xb0 C.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said step (4) comprises regulating pH value of the leachate to 1\u02dc3; adding precipitator SO42\u2212, precipitating Pb2+ and Ba2+ to obtain PbSO4 and BaSO4 precipitates; adding CO32\u2212, transforming said PbSO4 precipitate into PbCO3, adding HNO3 solution, reacting to obtain Pb(NO3)2; filtrating, separating solid and liquid, removing impurities; taking filtrate liquid and adding said precipitator SO42\u2212 again to precipitate Pb2+ to obtain PbSO4; at last, adding strongly alkaline liquor to regulate pH value to 8\u02dc10, rinsing, drying.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, said step (4) comprises: regulating the pH value of said leachate to 11\u02dc12; precipitating Pb2+ to obtain Pb(OH)2 precipitate; filtrating, separating solid and liquid, removing impurities; taking solid dregs, adding HNO3 solution to regulate pH value to 0.5\u02dc1, reacting to obtain Pb(NO3)2; adding SO42\u2212 to precipitate Pb2+ to obtain PbSO4; at last, adding strongly alkaline liquor to regulate pH value to 8\u02dc10, rinsing and drying.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, said step of adding NaOH to regulate pH value to 11\u02dc12 is carried out as follows: adding solid NaOH to regulate pH value of said leachate to 6, then adding 10 molL NaOH solution to regulate pH value of said leachate to 11\u02dc12.
11. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, said polycarboxylic acid complexing agent in step (3) is acetic acid or edetic acid.
12. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, said polycarboxylic acid complexing agent in step (3) is acetic acid or edetic acid.
13. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, immersing time in said step (3) is in the range of 60\xb0 C. to 100\xb0 C.
14. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, immersing time in said step (3) is in the range of 60\xb0 C. to 100\xb0 C.
15. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, said step (4) comprises regulating pH value of the leachate to 1\u02dc3; adding precipitator SO42\u2212, precipitating Pb2+ and Ba2+ to obtain PbSO4 and BaSO4 precipitates; adding CO32\u2212, transforming said PbSO4 precipitate into PbCO3, adding HNO3 solution, reacting to obtain Pb(NO3)2; filtrating, separating solid and liquid, removing impurities; taking filtrate liquid and adding said precipitator SO42\u2212 again to precipitate Pb2+ to obtain PbSO4; at last, adding strongly alkaline liquor to regulate pH value to 8\u02dc10, rinsing, drying.
16. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, said step (4) comprises regulating pH value of the leachate to 1\u20143; adding precipitator SO42\u2212, precipitating Pb2+ and Ba2+ to obtain PbSO4 and BaSO4 precipitates; adding CO32\u2212, transforming said PbSO4 precipitate into PbCO3, adding HNO3 solution, reacting to obtain Pb(NO3)2; filtrating, separating solid and liquid, removing impurities; taking filtrate liquid and adding said precipitator SO42\u2212 again to precipitate Pb2+ to obtain PbSO4; at last, adding strongly alkaline liquor to regulate pH value to 8\u02dc10, rinsing, drying.
17. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, said step (4) comprises: regulating the pH value of said leachate to 11\u02dc12; precipitating Pb2+ to obtain Pb(OH)2 precipitate; filtrating, separating solid and liquid, removing impurities; taking solid dregs, adding HNO3 solution to regulate pH value to 0.5\u02dc1, reacting to obtain Pb(NO3)2; adding SO42\u2212 to precipitate Pb2+ to obtain PbSO4; at last, adding strongly alkaline liquor to regulate pH value to 8\u02dc10, rinsing and drying.
18. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, said step (4) comprises: regulating the pH value of said leachate to 11\u02dc12; precipitating Pb2+ to obtain Pb(OH)2 precipitate; filtrating, separating solid and liquid, removing impurities; taking solid dregs, adding HNO3 solution to regulate pH value to 0.5\u02dc1, reacting to obtain Pb(NO3)2; adding SO42\u2212 to precipitate Pb2+ to obtain PbSO4; at last, adding strongly alkaline liquor to regulate pH value to 8\u02dc10, rinsing and drying.