1. An electromagnetic solenoid type clutch assembly comprising, in combination,
an input member and a coaxially disposed output member,
a camming operator having a first member having a plurality of camming surfaces, a second member adjacent said first member having a like plurality of camming surfaces and coupled to said output member for rotation therewith,
a first clutch pack having a first plurality of first clutch plates splined to said first member and a second plurality of first clutch plates splined to said input member and interleaved with said first plurality of first clutch plates,
a solenoid coil, an annular plunger at least partially surrounding said solenoid coil and an annular apply plate coupled to said annular plunger and adapted to compress said first clutch pack,
a second clutch pack having a first plurality of second clutch plates splined to said input member and a second plurality of second clutch plates splined to said output member and interleaved with said first plurality of second clutch plates.
2. The electromagnetic solenoid type clutch assembly of claim 1 wherein said solenoid coil includes a housing and said housing and said annular plunger include complementary, opposed, oblique surfaces.
3. The electromagnetic solenoid type clutch assembly of claim 1 further including an outer housing adapted to receive said input member and an anti-friction bearing for rotatably supporting said input member within said outer housing.
4. The electromagnetic solenoid type clutch assembly of claim 3 wherein said outer housing includes a mounting flange including a plurality of axial openings adapted to receive fasteners.
5. The electromagnetic solenoid type clutch assembly of claim 1 wherein said camming operator further includes a plurality of load transferring members disposed on said camming surfaces.
6. The electromagnetic solenoid type clutch assembly of claim 1 wherein said second member is a pressure plate disposed adjacent said second clutch pack.
7. The electromagnetic solenoid type clutch assembly of claim 1 further including a plurality of seals for sealing an interior region of said clutch assembly containing said first and said second clutch packs and wherein said interior region contains clutch fluid.
8. The electromagnetic solenoid type clutch assembly of claim 1 further including a plurality of studs extending between said annular plunger and said annular apply plate.
9. A torque transfer device having a solenoid operator comprising, in combination,
a rotatable input member,
a rotatable output member,
a cam operator having first and second members defining opposing cam surfaces, said first cam member coupled to said output member for rotation therewith,
a main clutch having a first plurality of main clutch plates coupled to said input member and a second plurality of main clutch plates interleaved with said first plurality of clutch plates and coupled to said output member,
a solenoid assembly having an annular coil, an annular plunger radially adjacent said annular coil and an apply plate coupled to said annular plunger, and
a pilot clutch having a first plurality of pilot clutch plates couple to said input member and a second plurality of pilot clutch plates interleaved with said first plurality of pilot clutch plates, said apply plate disposed adjacent said pilot clutch,
whereby energization of said annular coil translates said plunger and compresses said pilot clutch.
10. The torque transfer device of claim 9 wherein said annular coil is disposed in a housing and said housing and said annular plunger include complementary, opposed, oblique surfaces.
11. The torque transfer device of claim 9 further including an outer housing assembly adapted to receive said input member and in anti-friction bearing for rotatably supporting said input member in said outer housing.
12. The torque transfer device of claim 9 wherein said output member defines a splined, internal passageway.
13. The torque transfer device of claim 9 further including a plurality of studs extending between said annular plunger and said annular apply plate.
14. The torque transfer device of claim 9 further including a plurality of seals for sealing an interior region of said clutch assembly containing said first and said second clutch packs.
15. A solenoid activated clutch assembly comprising, in combination,
an input member and a coaxially disposed output member,
an annular solenoid coil,
an annular plunger disposed at least partially radially adjacent said solenoid coil,
a first cam member disposed about said output member, a second cam member splined to said output member for rotation therewith, said cam members including means for axially separating said cam members upon relative rotation,
a primary friction clutch having a first plurality of primary clutch plates splined to said first cam member and a second, interleaved plurality of primary clutch plates splined to said input member,
an apply plate coupled to said annular plunger and adapted to compress said primary friction clutch, and
a secondary friction clutch having a first plurality of secondary clutch plates splined to said input member and a second, interleaved plurality of secondary clutch plates splined to said output member.
16. The solenoid activated clutch assembly of claim 15 further including an outer housing adapted to receive said input member and an anti-friction bearing assembly for rotatably supporting said input member with in said outer housing.
17. The solenoid activated clutch assembly of claim 15 wherein said output member defines a splined bore.
18. The solenoid activated clutch assembly of claim 15 wherein said friction clutches are wet clutches.
19. The solenoid activated clutch assembly of claim 15 further including a plurality of studs extending between said annular plunger and said annular apply plate.
20. The solenoid activated clutch assembly of claim 15 further including a plurality of seals for sealing an interior region of said clutch assembly containing said primary and said secondary friction clutches.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction of a renewable raw material that is selected from among oil-producing fruits, oleaginous seeds, oleoproteaginous seeds, seed husks, oleaginous almonds, sprouts, pits and cuticles of fruits, and lipid-rich animal, algal, fungal or yeast raw materials, characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
a) Dehydration and packaging of the renewable raw material, not leading to any extraction of fat,
b) Reactive trituration of the packaged lipidic raw material in the presence of a light alcohol and a catalyst, in such a way as to recover, on the one hand, a liquid phase, and, on the other hand, a solvent-containing meal,
c) Evaporation of light alcohol from the liquid phase,
d) Concentration of the liquid phase so as to obtain a concentrate that comprises the dilute unsaponifiable fraction in fatty acid alkyl esters,
e) Saponification of unsaponifiable concentrate,
f) Extraction of the unsaponifiable fraction from the saponified mixture.
2. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein the renewable raw material is an oil-producing fruit that is selected from among olive, shea, palm or avocado that is fresh or heated up.
3. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein the renewable raw material is a seed, an almond, a sprout, a cuticle or a pit of a plant raw material that is selected from among canola, soy, sunflower, cotton, wheat, corn, rice, grape, walnut, hazelnut, lupine, camelina, flax, safflower, copra, peanut, Jatropha, castor oil, neem, hemp, cuphea, lesquerella, inca inchi, perilla, echium, evening primrose, borage, blackcurrant, pine of Korea, cotton, sesame, amaranth, coffee, oats, tomato, marigold, and buriti.
4. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein the renewable raw material is liver or fish-skin, or solid waste from the meat industry.
5. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein the dehydration is carried out in such a way as to reach a residual moisture that is less than or equal to 3% by weight of the dry material.
6. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein the packaging of the raw material is done by flattening, flaking, blowing, flash-expansion andor grinding.
7. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein the light alcohol is selected from among methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, ethyl-2-hexanol and isomers thereof.
8. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is a basic catalyst that is selected from among soda, alcoholic soda, solid soda, potash, alcoholic potash, solid potash, sodium or potassium methylate, sodium or potassium ethylate, sodium and potassium propylate, sodium and potassium isopropylate, amines and polyamines, or an acid catalyst that is selected from among sulfuric acid, nitric acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid and Lewis acids.
9. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein the concentration stage is carried out by distillation or by crystallization.
10. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein the extraction stage is carried out by liquid-liquid extraction using an organic solvent.
11. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 10, wherein the organic solvent is an organic synthesis solvent that is selected from among alkanes, aromatic compounds, halo-alkanes, ethers and ketones, or an organic solvent of natural origin that is selected from among terpenes and oxidized organic derivatives.
12. Process for extraction of an unsaponifiable fraction according to claim 1, wherein it comprises an additional purification stage that consists of the series of the following sub-stages:
Centrifuging of the solvent phase in such a way as to extract residual soaps,
Washing the counter-current solvent phase with water,
Vacuum evaporation of the solvent by vacuum distillation, by hydrodistillation, or by azeotropic distillation,
Vacuum deodorization of the unsaponifiable fraction so as to extract from it any remaining volatile contaminant.
13. (canceled)