1. A radar apparatus comprising:
an antenna array in which a plurality of antennas that can transmit as well as receive are arranged; and
a selector that selects a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna from among the plurality of antennas of the antenna array,
wherein a transmission wave whose frequency has been modulated is transmitted from the transmitting antenna selected by the selector, a reflected wave obtained from reflection of the transmission wave is received by one of receiving antennas selected by the selector by successively switching the receiving antennas, and an azimuth of an object is detected using a phase difference between reflected waves received by the receiving antennas, and
wherein, of the plurality of antennas in the antenna array, there are N1 antennas that can transmit as well as receive arranged with a spacing d therebetween at a first end portion of the antenna array, there are N1 antennas that can transmit as well as receive arranged with a spacing d therebetween at a second end portion of the antenna array, and a spacing between respective antennas of the first and second end portions that are closest to a central portion of the array is N1\xd7d.
2. The radar apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the selector performs selection by switching transmitting antennas in a cycle shorter than a modulation cycle of the transmission wave.
3. The radar apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the total number of the plurality of antennas that constitute the antenna array and can transmit as well as receive is an integer N which is two or more, and
the number of the antennas N1 in the first and second end portions of the array is an integer rounded up from (N+3)4.
4. The radar apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of antennas in the antenna array are arranged in a straight line such that transmission-and-reception surfaces of the plurality of antennas are directed in the same direction.
5. The radar apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising wide-angle detection antennas arranged at both ends of the antenna array in a manner such that a transmission-and-reception surface of the wide-angle detection antennas is directed in a direction different from that of the plurality of antennas.
6. The radar apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the selector performs, in synchronization with the modulation cycle, transmission-switching selection for the wide-angle detection antennas.
7. The radar apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the selector performs, in a cycle shorter than the modulation cycle, transmission-switching selection for the wide-angle detection antennas, the wide-angle detection antennas are not selected as receiving antennas, and an antenna of the plurality of antennas that is proximal to one of the wide-angle detection antennas is selected as the receiving antenna, wherein the antenna proximal to the wide-angle detection antennas that is selected as the receiving antenna being located in one of the first and second end portions in the antenna array.
8. The radar apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a detector having a temperature sensor, the detector performing object detection based on the reflected wave after the reflected wave is corrected on the basis of a temperature detected by the temperature sensor.
9. A radar apparatus comprising:
an antenna array in which a plurality of antennas that can transmit as well as receive are arranged; and
a selector that selects a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna from among the plurality of antennas of the antenna array,
wherein a transmission wave whose frequency has been modulated is transmitted from the transmitting antenna selected by the selector, a reflected wave obtained from reflection of the transmission wave is received by one of receiving antennas selected by the selector by successively switching the receiving antennas, and an azimuth of an object is detected using a phase difference between reflected waves received by the receiving antennas, and
wherein, of the plurality of antennas in the antenna array, there are N1 antennas that can transmit as well as receive arranged with a spacing d therebetween at a first end portion of the antenna array, there are N1 antennas that can transmit as well as receive arranged with a spacing d therebetween at a second end portion of the antenna array, and an antenna that can transmit as well as receive is arranged with a spacing N1\xd7d between the first and second end portions of the array.
10. The radar apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the selector performs selection by switching transmitting antennas in a cycle shorter than a modulation cycle of the transmission wave.
11. The radar apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the total number of the plurality of antennas that constitute the antenna array and can transmit as well as receive is an integer N which is two or more, and
the number of the antennas N1 in the first and second end portions of the array is an integer rounded up from (N+3)4.
12. The radar apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of antennas in the antenna array are arranged in a straight line such that transmission-and-reception surfaces of the plurality of antennas are directed in the same direction.
13. The radar apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising wide-angle detection antennas arranged at both ends of the antenna array in a manner such that a transmission-and-reception surface of the wide-angle detection antennas is directed in a direction different from that of the plurality of antennas.
14. The radar apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the selector performs, in synchronization with the modulation cycle, transmission-switching selection for the wide-angle detection antennas.
15. The radar apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the selector performs, in a cycle shorter than the modulation cycle, transmission-switching selection for the wide-angle detection antennas, the wide-angle detection antennas are not selected as receiving antennas, and an antenna of the plurality of antennas that is proximal to one of the wide-angle detection antennas is selected as the receiving antenna, wherein the antenna proximal to the wide-angle detection antennas that is selected as the receiving antenna being located in one of the first and second end portions in the antenna array.
16. The radar apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a detector having a temperature sensor, the detector performing object detection based on the reflected wave after the reflected wave is corrected on the basis of a temperature detected by the temperature sensor.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer through ring-opening polymerization, which comprises polymerizing a cyclic olefin through ring-opening polymerization using a polymerization catalyst comprising a ruthenium compound and a heteroatom-containing carbene compound in the absence of a solvent or in the presence of a halogen-free solvent.
2. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization catalyst is prepared by mixing a ruthenium compound with a heteroatom-containing carbene compound.
3. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization catalyst is a compound represented by the formula 2:
5
wherein M2 represents a ruthenium atom, R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain at least one atom selected from halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon atoms, X2 and X3 independently represents an optional anionic ligand, L2 and L3 independently represents an optional neutral electron donor compound, provided that at least one of L2and L3 is a heteroatom-containing carbene compound, and a plurality of R1, R2, X2, X3, L2 and L3 may bond together to form a multidentate ligand.
4. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 1, wherein the heteroatom-containing carbene compound is represented by the formula 5 or formula 6:
6
wherein R21 and R22 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain at least one atom selected from halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon.
5. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 4, wherein the heteroatom-containing carbene compound is represented by said formula 6 wherein R21 and R22 are as defined in claim 4.
6. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a halogen-free solvent.
7. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 6, wherein the halogen-free solvent is an alicyclic hydrocarbon solvent.
8. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic olefin contains at least 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the cyclic olefin, of at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of dicyclopentadienes and tetracyclododecenes.
9. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic olefin contains at least 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the cyclic olefin, of at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of tetracyclododecenes.
10. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 1, wherein a molecular weight modifier is added to a polymerization system; said molecular weight modifier is selected from the group consisting of -olefins and ethers, and is used in an amount in the range of 0.1% to 10% by mole based on the cyclic olefin.
11. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 10, wherein the molecular weight modifier is selected from the group consisting of -olefins.
12. The process for producing a cyclic olefin polymer according to claim 10, wherein the molecular weight modifier is an ether selected from the group consisting of ethyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether and allyl glycidyl ether.
13. A process for producing a hydrogenated product of a cyclic olefin polymer prepared through ring-opening polymerization, which comprises:
a polymerization step of polymerizing a cyclic olefin through ring-opening polymerization in the presence of a polymerization catalyst comprising an organoruthenium compound represented by the formula 2:
7
wherein M2 represents a ruthenium atom, R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain at least one atom selected from halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon atoms, X2 and X3 independently represents an optional anionic ligand, L2 and L3 independently represents an optional neutral electron donor compound, provided that at least one of L2 and L3 is a heteroatom-containing carbene compound, and a plurality of R1, R2, X2, X3, L2 and L3 may bond together to form a multidentate ligand; and,
a hydrogenation step of adding hydrogen into a polymerization system resulting from the polymerization step to hydrogenate the carbon-carbon double bonds in the cyclic olefin polymer prepared through the ring-opening polymerization.