1. A method for determining illness of a biological entity, progression to non-acute death of said biological entity, or timing of non-acute death of said biological entity, comprising the steps of:
providing normal values of resistance, reactance, phase angle, extracellular water volume, intracellular water volume, and membrane status of whole body and regions of said biological entity;
measuring initial values of resistance, reactance, phase angle, extracellular water volume, intracellular water volume, and membrane status of whole body and regions of said biological entity;
taking whole body and regional measurements of resistance, reactance, phase angle, extracellular water volume, intracellular water volume, and membrane status at predetermined intervals of time;
recording said whole body and regional measurements;
comparing initial values of said whole body or regional measurements to said normal values of said whole body or regional measurements, respectively, and to serially measured values of said whole body or regional measurements, respectively; and
determining from said comparison steps hallmarks of said illness of said biological entity, said progression to said non-acute death of said biological entity, or said timing of non-acute death of said biological entity.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
said hallmarks include an uncorrectable loss of cell mass and membrane capacitance as evidenced by a reduction in said reactance and phase angle.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
said hallmarks include an uncorrectable and increasing disparity of said extracellular water volume being greater than said intracellular water volume.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein:
said hallmarks include an uncorrectable and increasing disparity of said extracellular water volume being greater than said intracellular water volume.
5. A method according to claim 2, wherein:
when said uncorrectable loss of cell mass and membrane capacitance remains uncorrectable, said uncorrectable loss of cell mass and membrane capacitance comprise hallmarks of said progression of said non-acute death of said biological entity.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein:
when said uncorrectable loss of cell mass and membrane capacitance remains uncorrectable, said uncorrectable loss of cell mass and membrane capacitance comprise hallmarks of said progression of said non-acute death of said biological entity.
7. A method according to claim 3, wherein:
when said uncorrectable and increasing disparity of said extracellular water volume being greater than said intracellular water volume remains uncorrectable, said uncorrectable and increasing disparity of said extracellular water volume comprise hallmarks of said progress to said non-acute death of said biological entity.
8. A method according to claim 4, wherein:
when said uncorrectable and increasing disparity of said extracellular water volume being greater than said intracellular water volume remains uncorrectable, said uncorrectable and increasing disparity of said extracellular water volume comprise hallmarks of said progress to said non-acute death of said biological entity.
9. A method according to claim 6, wherein:
when said uncorrectable and increasing disparity of said extracellular water volume being greater than said intracellular water volume remains uncorrectable, these are hallmarks of said progression to said non-acute death of said biological entity.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
values of said phase angle less than approximately four degrees denote serious illness of said biological entity; and
values of said phase angle less than approximately two degrees denote imminent death of said biological entity.
11. A method according to claim 2, wherein:
values of said phase angle less than approximately four degrees denote serious illness of said biological entity; and
values of said phase angle less than approximately two degrees denote imminent death of said biological entity.
12. A method according to claim 3, wherein:
values of said phase angle less than approximately four degrees denote serious illness of said biological entity; and
values of said phase angle less than approximately two degrees denote imminent death of said biological entity.
13. A method according to claim 4, wherein:
values of said phase angle less than approximately four degrees denote serious illness of said biological entity; and
values of said phase angle less than approximately two degrees denote imminent death of said biological entity.
14. A method according to claim 5, wherein:
values of said phase angle less than approximately four degrees denote serious illness of said biological entity; and
values of said phase angle less than approximately two degrees denote imminent death of said biological entity.
15. A method according to claim 6, wherein:
values of said phase angle less than approximately four degrees denote serious illness of said biological entity; and
values of said phase angle less than approximately two degrees denote imminent death of said biological entity.
16. A method according to claim 7, wherein:
values of said phase angle less than approximately four degrees denote serious illness of said biological entity; and
values of said phase angle less than approximately two degrees denote imminent death of said biological entity.
17. A method according to claim 8, wherein:
values of said phase angle less than approximately four degrees denote serious illness of said biological entity; and
values of said phase angle less than approximately two degrees denote imminent death of said biological entity.
18. A method according to claim 9, wherein:
values of said phase angle less than approximately four degrees denote serious illness of said biological entity; and
values of said phase angle less than approximately two degrees denote imminent death of said biological entity.
19. A method according to claim 1, wherein:
a slowly decreasing ohm value of said reactance is indicative of a negative or catabolic metabolism condition; and
a more precipitous and rapid decrease in said reactance is indicative of unique conditions which rapidly affect cells and their membranes.
20. A method for determining illness of a biological entity, progression to non-acute death of said biological entity, or timing of non-acute death of said biological entity, comprising the steps of:
providing normal values of resistance, reactance, phase angle, extracellular water volume, intracellular water volume, and membrane status of whole body and regions of said biological entity;
measuring initial values of resistance, reactance, phase angle, extracellular water volume, intracellular water volume, and membrane status of whole body and regions of said biological entity;
taking whole body and regional measurements of resistance, reactance, phase angle, extracellular water volume, intracellular water volume, and membrane status at predetermined intervals of time;
recording said whole body and regional measurements;
comparing initial values of said whole body or regional measurements to said normal values of said whole body or regional measurements, respectively, and to serially measured values of said whole body or regional measurements, respectively;
determining from said comparison steps hallmarks of said illness of said biological entity, said progression to said non-acute death of said biological entity, or said timing of non-acute death of said biological entity; and
said whole body andor regional measurements of said resistance, said reactance, said phase angle, said extracellular water volume, and said intracellular water volume are taken every other day or as frequently as required to illustrate changes in said whole body andor regional measurements over time and to illuminate disease progression and response to treatment.
21. A method for determining illness of a biological entity, progression to non-acute death of said biological entity, or timing of non-acute death of said biological entity, comprising the steps of:
providing normal values of resistance, reactance, phase angle, extracellular water volume, intracellular water volume, and membrane status of whole body and regions of said biological entity;
measuring initial values of resistance, reactance, phase angle, extracellular water volume, intracellular water volume, and membrane status of whole body and regions of said biological entity;
taking whole body and regional measurements of resistance, reactance, phase angle, extracellular water volume, intracellular water volume, and membrane status at predetermined intervals of time;
recording said whole body and regional measurements;
comparing initial values of said whole body or regional measurements to said normal values of said whole body or regional measurements, respectively, and to serially measured values of said whole body or regional measurements, respectively;
determining from said comparison steps hallmarks of said illness of said biological entity, said progression to said non-acute death of said biological entity, or said timing of non-acute death of said biological entity;
said hallmarks include an uncorrectable loss of cell mass and membrane capacitance as evidenced by a reduction in said reactance and phase angle; and
said whole body andor regional measurements of said resistance, said reactance, said phase angle, said extracellular water volume, and said intracellular water volume are taken every other day or as frequently as required to illustrate changes in said whole body andor regional measurements over time and to illuminate disease progression and response to treatment.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An optical system which introduces an illumination luminous flux from a light source to an image-forming element and projects an luminous flux from the image-forming element onto a projection surface, the optical system comprising:
an optical integrator which divides and recombines the illumination luminous flux in a first axis direction in a two-dimensional section that is orthogonal to a travelling direction of the illumination luminous flux;
a light intensity distribution converter which has a function to convert the light intensity distribution of the illumination luminous flux in a second axis direction, which is orthogonal to the first axis direction, in the two-dimensional section; and
a luminous flux limiting unit which has an aperture, the size of the aperture being changeable in the second axis direction and unchangeable in the first axis direction.
2. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the aperture forming edges of the luminous flux limiting unit have a non-parallel shape.
3. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the aperture forming edges of the luminous flux limiting unit have a curved shape.
4. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the light intensity distribution converter is constituted by two positive lens units and has a function to convert a luminous flux width.
5. The optical system according to claim 4, wherein the luminous flux limiting unit is provided between the two positive lens units.
6. An optical system which introduces an illumination luminous flux from a light source to an image-forming element, the optical system comprising:
an optical integrator which divides and recombines the illumination luminous flux in a first axis direction in a two-dimensional section that is orthogonal to a travelling direction of the illumination luminous flux;
a light intensity distribution converter which has a function to convert the light intensity distribution of the illumination luminous flux in a second axis direction, which is orthogonal to the first axis direction, in the two-dimensional section; and
a luminous flux limiting unit which has an aperture, the size of the aperture being changeable in the second axis direction and unchangeable in the first axis direction.
7. The optical system according to claim 6, wherein the aperture forming edges of the luminous flux limiting unit have a non-parallel shape.
8. The optical system according to claim 6, wherein the aperture forming edges of the luminous flux limiting unit have a curved shape.
9. The optical system according to claim 6, wherein the light intensity distribution converter is constituted by two positive lens units and has a function to convert a luminous flux width.
10. The optical system according to claim 9, wherein the luminous flux limiting unit is provided between the two positive lens units.
11. An optical system which introduces an illumination luminous flux from a light source to an image-forming element and projects an luminous flux from the image-forming element onto a projection surface, the optical system comprising:
an optical integrator which divides and recombines the illumination luminous flux in a first axis direction in a two-dimensional section that is orthogonal to a travelling direction of the illumination luminous flux;
a light intensity distribution converter which has at least a function to convert the light intensity distribution of the illumination luminous flux in a second axis direction, which is orthogonal to the first axis direction, in the two-dimensional section; and
a luminous flux limiting unit which has an aperture,
wherein the luminous flux limiting unit has a part where the width of the aperture in the second axis direction becomes larger as the distance from an optical axis of the optical system increases in the first axis direction.
12. The optical system according to claim 11, wherein the aperture forming edges of the luminous flux limiting unit have a non-parallel shape.
13. The optical system according to claim 11, wherein the aperture forming edges of the luminous flux limiting unit have a curved shape.
14. The optical system according to claim 11, wherein the light intensity distribution converter is constituted by two positive lens units and has a function to convert a luminous flux width.
15. The optical system according to claim 14, wherein the luminous flux limiting unit is provided between the two positive lens units.
16. An image projection apparatus comprising:
an image-forming element; and
the optical system according to claim 1.
17. The image projection apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising a controller which controls the operation of the luminous flux limiting unit based on at least one of an operation signal from an operating member, type of an input image signal and brightness scene information on an input image.
18. The image projection apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising:
a detector which detects external brightness; and
a controller which controls the operation of the luminous flux limiting unit based on the detection result of the detector.
19. An image projection apparatus comprising:
an image-forming element; and
the optical system according to claim 6.
20. The image projection apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising a controller which controls the operation of the luminous flux limiting unit based on at least one of an operation signal from an operating member, type of an input image signal and brightness scene information on an input image.
21. The image projection apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising:
a detector which detects external brightness; and
a controller which controls the operation of the luminous flux limiting unit based on the detection result of the detector.
22. An image projection apparatus comprising:
an image-forming element; and
the optical system according to claim 11.
23. The image projection apparatus according to claim 22, further comprising a controller which controls the operation of the luminous flux limiting unit based on at least one of an operation signal from an operating member, type of an input image signal and brightness scene information on an input image.
24. The image projection apparatus according to claim 22, further comprising:
a detector which detects external brightness; and
a controller which controls the operation of the luminous flux limiting unit based on the detection result of the detector.
25. An image display system comprising:
the image projection apparatus according to claim 16; and
an image supplying apparatus which supplies an image signal to the image projection apparatus.
26. An image display system comprising:
the image projection apparatus according to claim 19; and
an image supplying apparatus which supplies an image signal to the image projection apparatus.
27. An image display system comprising:
the image projection apparatus according to claim 22; and
an image supplying apparatus which supplies an image signal to the image projection apparatus.