1. A poppet element of a valve, which is movable relative to a valve seat of the valve and comprises:
a balance chamber wall defining a balance chamber with a center body partially fixed relative to the valve seat;
an upper head;
a balance chamber holder having a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is matched with that of the upper head; and
a fastening element disposed to fasten the balance chamber holder to the upper head,
the balance chamber holder being disposed between the center body and the balance chamber wall and configured to prevent thermal loading transfer from the balance chamber wall to the fastening element.
2. The poppet element according to claim 1, wherein the balance chamber holder comprises forged 12. Chrome material.
3. The poppet element according to claim 1, wherein a clearance is provided between the upper head and the balance chamber holder.
4. The poppet element according to claim 1, wherein the balance chamber wall comprises an outer flange and the balance chamber holder comprises a lower portion that abuts and interferes with the outer flange during varied operational conditions.
5. The poppet element according to claim 1, wherein the balance chamber wall comprises an outer flange and the balance chamber holder comprises a lower portion that abuts and interferes with the outer flange despite thermal expansion or contraction thereof.
6. A power plant valve comprising a poppet element movable relative to a valve seat, the poppet element comprising:
a balance chamber wall defining a balance chamber with a center body partially fixed relative to the valve seat;
an upper head;
a balance chamber holder having a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is matched with that of the upper head; and
a fastening element disposed to fasten the balance chamber holder to the upper head,
the balance chamber holder being disposed between the center body and the balance chamber wall and configured to prevent thermal loading transfer from the balance chamber wall to the fastening element.
7. The power plant valve according to claim 6, wherein the balance chamber holder comprises forged 12. Chrome material.
8. The power plant valve according to claim 6, wherein a clearance is provided between the upper head and the balance chamber holder.
9. The power plant valve according to claim 6, wherein the balance chamber wall comprises an outer flange and the balance chamber holder comprises a lower portion that abuts and interferes with the outer flange during varied operational conditions.
10. The power plant valve according to claim 6, wherein the balance chamber wall comprises an outer flange and the balance chamber holder comprises a lower portion that abuts and interferes with the outer flange despite thermal expansion or contraction thereof.
11. A power plant comprising a boiler element, a steam turbine, piping disposed to transport steam from the boiler element and toward the steam turbine and a valve disposed along the piping, the valve comprising:
a valve seat; and
a poppet element, which is movable relative to the valve seat to open or close the valve, the poppet element comprising:
a balance chamber wall defining a balance chamber with a center body partially fixed relative to the valve seat;
an upper head;
a balance chamber holder having a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is matched with that of the upper head; and
a fastening element disposed to fasten the balance chamber holder to the upper head,
the balance chamber holder being disposed between the center body and the balance chamber wall and configured to prevent thermal loading transfer from the balance chamber wall to the fastening element.
12. The power plant according to claim 11, wherein the piping comprises IP or HP piping.
13. The power plant according to claim 11, wherein the piping is disposed to transport steam toward IP or HP sections of the steam turbine.
14. The power plant according to claim 11, wherein the valve comprises a reheat valve.
15. The power plant according to claim 11, wherein the balance chamber holder comprises forged 12. Chrome material.
16. The power plant according to claim 11, wherein a clearance is provided between the upper head and the balance chamber holder.
17. The power plant according to claim 11, wherein the balance chamber wall comprises an outer flange and the balance chamber holder comprises a lower portion that abuts and interferes with the outer flange during varied operational conditions.
18. The power plant according to claim 11, wherein the balance chamber wall comprises an outer flange and the balance chamber holder comprises a lower portion that abuts and interferes with the outer flange despite thermal expansion or contraction thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A lighting fixture comprising:
a holding plate including a flange defining an aperture in the holding plate;
a heat sink including a lamp support surface;
at least one mounting bracket interconnecting the heat sink to the holding plate, wherein the lamp support surface is positioned opposed to the holding plate aperture; and
an LED wafer, which includes a first surface having a plurality of light emitting LEDs, in thermal communication with the lamp support surface.
2. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising a LED wafer mounting assembly operable to secure the LED wafer to the lamp support surface, the LED wafer mounting assembly comprising:
a mounting clip having a main portion with through holes, and a spring element extending from the main portion;
a lamp holder block having through holes; and
an insulative isolation member with through holes;
wherein the mounting clip main portion secures a first edge of the LED wafer to the lamp support surface, the spring element is configured to apply pressure against the LED wafer in a direction towards the heat sink, and
wherein the lamp holder block, with the isolation member positioned between the block and the LED wafer, secures a second edge of the LED wafer to the lamp support surface.
3. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the LED wafer further includes a pair of conductive contact pads, and the isolation member further includes a wiring channel, the lighting fixture further comprising:
a lamp cord including a pair of contact wires therein, each wire having a distal end coupled to a source of electrical energy, and a proximal end in electrical communication with the contact pads;
wherein a portion of the lamp cord close to the proximal end passes through the isolation member wiring channel.
4. The lighting fixture of claim 3, wherein the source of electrical energy is a LED driver unit.
5. The lighting fixture of claim 3, further comprising a complementary mating connector pair, wherein a first member of the pair is in electrical connection with the contact pads and a second member of the pair is in electrical connection with the pair of contact wires so as to achieve the electrical communication.
6. The lighting fixture of claim 5, wherein the complementary mating connector pair is formed from one of a telephone connector, a bayonet connector, a sexless connector, and a threaded connector.
7. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising a junction box and a LED driver unit housing mounted on the holding plate.
8. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising a rail support bracket coupled to the holding plate.
9. The lighting fixture of claim 2, wherein the isolation member further includes a notch dimensioned so as to accept the second edge of the LED wafer.
10. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising a lens positioned over the LED wafer first surface.
11. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising a reflector, having a proximal end defining a first opening and a distal end defining a second opening, mechanically coupled to the holding plate flange such that a longitudinal axis between the proximal end and distal end intersects a plane containing the holding plate
12. The lighting fixture of claim 11, wherein the reflector has a shielding angle \u03b8 measured with respect to a central longitudinal axis of the reflector, wherein the shielding angle is configured to produce a reflector efficiency approaching 90 percent and a visual comfort probability index approaching 100 percent.
13. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising a housing enclosure attached to the holding plate, wherein the housing enclosure and holding plate form a container.
14. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the lighting fixture is configured to be one of a recessed, free standing, surface mount, floor, and track lighting unit.
15. A lighting fixture comprising:
a holding plate having an outer perimeter edge and an inner perimeter edge, the inner perimeter edge defining an aperture in the holding plate;
a heat sink, which includes a lamp support surface, mechanically coupled to the holding plate, wherein the lamp support surface is positioned opposed to the holding plate aperture; and
a LED wafer, which includes a first surface having a plurality of light emitting LEDs, in thermal communication with the lamp support surface;
16. The lighting fixture of claim 15, further comprising a reflector, having a proximal end defining a first opening and a distal end defining a second opening, mechanically positioned within the holding plate aperture such that a longitudinal axis between the proximal end and distal end intersects a plane containing the holding plate.
17. The lighting fixture of claim 15, further comprising a LED wafer mounting assembly operable to secure the LED wafer to the lamp support surface, the LED wafer mounting assembly comprising:
a mounting clip having a main portion and a spring element extending from the main portion;
a lamp holder block; and
an insulative isolation member;
wherein the mounting clip main portion is configured to be mounted to the heat sink so as to secure a first edge of the LED wafer to the lamp support surface, and the spring element is configured to apply pressure against the LED wafer in a direction towards the heat sink, and
wherein the lamp holder block, with the isolation member positioned between the block and the LED wafer, is configured to be mounted to the heat sink so as to secure a second edge of the LED wafer to the lamp support surface.
18. The lighting fixture of claim 15, wherein the LED wafer further includes a pair of conductive contact pads, and the isolation member further includes a wiring channel, the lighting fixture further comprising:
a lamp cord including a pair of contact wires therein, each wire having a distal end coupled to a source of electrical energy, and a proximal end in electrical contact with the contact pads;
wherein a portion of the lamp cord close to the proximal end passes through the isolation member wiring channel.
19. The lighting fixture of claim 18, wherein the source of electrical energy is a LED driver unit.
20. The lighting fixture of claim 15, further comprising a junction box and a LED driver unit housing mounted on the holding plate.
21. The lighting fixture of claim 15, further comprising a rail support bracket mechanically coupled to the holding plate.
22. The lighting fixture of claim 17, wherein the isolation member further includes a notch dimensioned so as to accept the second edge of the LED wafer.
23. The lighting fixture of claim 15, further comprising a lens positioned over the LED wafer first surface.
24. The lighting fixture of claim 16, wherein the reflector has a shielding angle \u03b8 measured with respect to a central longitudinal axis of the reflector, wherein the shielding angle is configured to produce a reflector efficiency approaching 90 percent and a visual probability index approaching 100 percent.
25. The lighting fixture of claim 15, further comprising a housing enclosure attached to the holding plate, wherein the housing enclosure and holding plate form a container.
26. The lighting fixture of claim 18, further comprising a complementary mating connector pair, wherein a first member of the pair is in electrical connection with the contact pads and a second member of the pair is in electrical connection with the pair of contact wires so as to achieve the electrical communication.
27. The lighting fixture of claim 26, wherein the complementary mating connector pair is formed from one of a telephone connector, a bayonet connector, a sexless connector, and a threaded connector.
28. The lighting fixture of claim 15, wherein the lighting fixture is configured to be one of a recessed, free standing, surface mount, floor, and track lighting unit.