I claim:
1. A hydroelectric generating system for generating electrical energy from wind passing a structure, comprising:
a wind turbine including a base portion, blades, and a generator;
fluid power means operatively connected to the turbine to store power generated by said wind turbine by raising water;
electric power means for connecting electrical power generated by the turbine with a power grid;
a track positioned at or around an upper portion of the structure;
a cart having a frame, said frame having at least one roller adapted to facilitate movement of the cart along the track;
wherein the base portion of the turbine is secured to the cart for movement of the cart and turbine to desired locations along the track relative to the wind.
2. The hydroelectric generating system as recited in claim 1, wherein the fluid power means further comprising:
an upper level reservoir;
a lower level reservoir;
said upper level reservoir is connected to said lower level reservoir by a first conduit and a second conduit;
a reversible generatorpump connected to the first conduit and adjacent to the lower reservoir;
a valve located adjacent to the upper level reservoir;
wherein the upper level reservoir receives fluid from an outside water source and further receives fluid through the system;
wherein the lower reservoir receives the fluid from the upper reservoir as the fluid flows through the system;
said reversible generatorpump having a wheel and a generator,
an electrical means to supply electrical power to the system,
wherein the fluid passes through the reversible generatorpump and through the conduit into the lower reservoir and the fluid is then pumped through the second conduit by the second pump means and returned to the upper reservoir and is recycled to flow back through the system,
wherein the generator of the reversible generatorpump converts the potential energy stored in the flowing fluid into electrical energy which is supplied to the system’s said electrical means;
wherein the generator of the reversible generatorpump converts the potential energy stored in the flowing fluid into electrical energy which is supplied to the power grid;
wherein the reversible generatorpump converts potential stored energy in the flowing fluid into electrical energy and serves as a pump to return fluid from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir for recycling.
3. The method of generating electrical energy from wind passing a structure, comprising the steps of:
positioning a track having at least one rail at or around the upper portion of the structure;
mounting a cart on the track, wherein the cart having at least one roller to facilitate movement of the cart on the track;
securing a wind turbine on said cart;
positioning the cart and the wind turbine to desired locations along the track relative to the wind;
applying electrical power means for connecting electrical power generated by the wind turbine with a power grid.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process to polymerize olefins comprising contacting propylene, at a temperature of 65\xb0 C. to 150\xb0 C. and a pressure between 1.72 MPa and 34.5 MPa, with:
1) a catalyst system comprising one or more activators and one or more nonmetallocene metal-centered, heteroaryl ligand catalyst compounds, where the metal is chosen from the Group 4, 5, 6, the lanthanide series, or the actinide series of the Periodic Table of the Elements,
2) 0 to 20 wt % of one or more comonomers (based upon the weight of all monomers and comonomers present in the feed) selected from the group consisting of ethylene and C4 to C12 olefins,
3) from 20 to 65 wt % diluent or solvent, based upon the total weight of the feeds to the polymerization reactor, and
4) 0 to 5 wt % scavenger, based upon the total weight of the feeds to the polymerization reactor,
wherein:
a) the olefin monomers and any comonomers are present in the polymerization system at 15 wt % or more,
b) the propylene is present at 80 wt % or more based upon the weight of all monomers and comonomers present in the feed, and
c) the polymerization occurs at a temperature above the solid-fluid phase transition temperature of the polymerization system and a pressure greater than 1 MPa below the cloud point pressure of the polymerization system, and
d) the polymerization occurs: (1) at a temperature below the critical temperature of the polymerization system, or (2) at a pressure below the critical pressure of the polymerization system.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the propylene is present in the polymerization system at 20 to 40 wt %.
3. The process of claim 1 where the temperature is between 80\xb0 C. to 150\xb0 C.
4. The process of any of claim 1 wherein the pressure is between 2 and 30 MPa.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein solvent and or diluent is present in the feed at 25 to 65 wt %.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein solvent or diluent comprises C4 to C7 hydrocarbons.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the metal is selected from Hf, Ti and Zr.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the comonomer comprises one or more of ethylene, butene, hexene-1, octene-1, dodecene-1, or decene-1.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the nonmetallocene, metal-centered, heteroaryl ligand catalyst compound comprises a ligand represented by the formula (1):
wherein R1 is represented by the formula (2):
where
Q1 and Q5 are substituents on the ring other than to atom E, where at least one of Q1 or Q5 has at least 2 atoms;
E is selected from the group consisting of carbon and nitrogen;
q is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
Q\u2033 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, alkoxyl, aryloxyl, silyl, boryl, phosphino, amino, thio, seleno, halide, nitro, and combinations thereof;
T is a bridging group selected group consisting of \u2014CR2R3\u2014 and \u2014SiR2R3\u2014;
R2 and are each, independently, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, alkoxyl, aryloxyl, silyl, boryl, phosphino, amino, thio, seleno, halide, nitro, and combinations thereof; and
J\u2033 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the nonmetallocene, metal-centered, heteroaryl ligand catalyst compound comprises a ligand represented by the formula (3):
where
M is zirconium or hafnium;
R1, T, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 3,
J\u2033\u2032 is selected from the group of substituted heteroaryls with 2 atoms bonded to the metal M, at least one of those atoms being a heteroatom, and with one atom of J\u2033\u2032 is bonded to M via a dative bond, the other through a covalent bond; and
L1 and L2 are independently selected from the group consisting of halide, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, boryl, silyl, amino, amine, hydrido, allyl, diene, seleno, phosphino, phosphine, carboxylates, thio, 1,3-dionates, oxalates, carbonates, nitrates, sulphates, and combinations of these radicals.
11. The process of claim 1 where the nonmetallocene, metal-centered, heteroaryl ligand catalyst is represented by the formula (4):
where
M, L1 and L2 are as defined in claim 4;
R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, alkoxyl, aryloxyl, silyl, boryl, phosphino, amino, thio, seleno, nitro, and combinations thereof, optionally, two or more R4, R5, and R6 groups may be joined to form a fused ring system having from 3-50 non-hydrogen atoms in addition to the pyridine ring, or, optionally, any combination of R2, R3, and R4, may be joined together in a ring structure;
R1, T, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 3;
and
E\u2033 is either carbon or nitrogen and is part of an cyclic aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl group.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst compound is represented by the one or both of the following formulae:
13. The process of claim 1 where the activator comprises an alumoxane.
14. The process of claim 1 where the activator comprises a non-coordinating anion.
15. The process of claim 1 where diluent or solvent is present and the diluent or solvent comprises a fluorinated hydrocarbon.
16. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymerization takes place in a tubular reactor.
17. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymerization takes place in an autoclave reactor.
18. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymerization takes place in a loop reactor.
19. The process of claim 1 wherein the process further comprises (a) continuously feeding olefin monomers, catalyst compound, and activator to the autoclave reactor; (b) continuously polymerizing the monomers at a pressure of 1.5 MPa or more; (c) continuously removing the polymermonomer mixture from the reactor; (d) reducing pressure to form a monomer-rich phase and a polymer-rich phase; (e) continuously separating monomer from the polymer; and (f) optionally recycling separated monomer to the polymerization process.
20. The process of claim 1 wherein the residence time is less than 30 minutes in any one reactor.
21. The process of claim 1 where the catalyst system is dissolved in the polymerization system.
22. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst system further comprises one or more metallocene catalyst compounds.
23. The process of claim 1 wherein the metal is selected from Group 5 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
24. The process of claim 1 wherein the metal is selected from Group 6 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
25. The process of claim 1 wherein the propylene is present in the reactor effluent at 2.5 to 10 molar.